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1、Unit 2 Working the land,基础知识自测,一、单词识记,1._ n.&v. 饥饿，渴望2._ adj.晒黑的3._ v.斗争，拼搏，努力4._ adj.令人不安的5._ v.详述，扩张6._ n.自由，自主,hunger,sunburnt,struggle,disturbing,expand,freedom,7._ adv.thus8._ v. 使迷惑，使为难9._ n.& v.遗憾，懊悔10._ v.减少11.statistic n. _12.circulate v. _13.battle n. _,战争，战役,therefore,puzzle,regret,reduce
2、,统计，数据,循环,14.equip v. _15.occupation n. _16.chemical adj. _17.bacteria n. _18.nutrition n. _ment n.& v._20.root n. _,装备,职业,化学的,细菌,营养,评论；发表评论,根源,核心单词,struggle for. 为斗争struggle against/with. 同作斗争struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来,1.struggle vi.斗争，奋斗n.斗争；拼搏, She struggled _ the inde
3、pendence of her country all her life. We all struggle _ the pollution of environment. The old man struggled _ his feet，walking out of the room. Try to stop the children_ fighting_ each other.,with,for,against,to,from,用struggle及其短语的适当形式完成下列句子。1. We should be brave to _ (同做斗争) the difficulty. 2. The _
4、 (斗争) for independence was long and hard. 3. Three brothers _ (为争取而斗争) the possession of a jewelry box.,struggle with/against,struggle,struggled for,The children talked so loudly at the dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 【点拨】 选A。I与hear之间构
5、成逻辑上的被动关系，再根据struggle to do结构可知选A项。,A,The working people have never stopped their struggle_ unfair treatment. A. against B. for C. from D. to 解析:选A。struggle against意为“同作斗争”;struggle for意为“为了而斗争”。由句意知应选A。,2.expand vt.& vi.使变大；伸展,派生：expansion n. 展开；膨胀；扩展,expand （sth）into (把)扩展为.expand on/upon 细说；阐述,运用
6、：根据汉语意思完成句子。 金属受热膨胀。Heat_. 在写作课上，老师要求孩子们把一个句子扩展成一个故事。The teacher asked the children _ in the writing class. 你能详细说一下你的观点吗？Could you please_?,expand on your point of view,expands metal,to expand a,sentence into a story,即学即练2(1)Metals _ when they are heated.金属受热会膨胀。(2)Weve _ _ _ by opening two more sto
7、res. 我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。(3)I repeated the question and waited for her to _.我把问题重复了一遍，等着她进行充分阐述。,expand,expanded,the,business,expand,3.thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为(=because of),运用：根据汉语意思完成句子。 由于校长的努力，我现在又能回学校上学了。_，I can go back to school now. 由于天气很糟糕，露天表演取消了。 _，the open-air show was cancelled.,Thanks to the bad we
8、ather,Thanks to the headmaster efforts,It was _ your timely help that we accomplished the task on time. A. because B. thank C. thanks to D. as解析:选C。because 和as 虽然也表示“因为，由于”，但后面需连接句子，而句中是短语，故应用thanks to。句意为： 幸亏你及时帮忙，我们才按时完成了任务。,运用：说出下列句中划线部分的意思。 You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas . Pa
9、ul finally rid himself of debt . Bad habits are hard to get rid of .,4.rid sb/sth of sth 使摆脱；除去 =free sb/sth of/from sth,摆脱这些陈腐观念的束缚,还清了债务,消灭，消除,完成句子，使其与所给的句子意思相同或相近。1. It is not easy for him to get rid of the bad habit. It is hard for him to _ _ _ the bad habit.2. He plans to give up smoking in two
10、 months.He plans to _ _ _ smoking in two months.,get rid of / rid himself of,rid himself of,类似用法动词：remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事warn sb of sth 警告某人inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事cure sb of sth 治愈某人(某种疾病)rob sb of sth 抢劫某人的.被动语态：be robbed of sthrelieve sb of sth解除某人的（负担或责任）；减轻某人的（压力，痛苦）,The sales manager asked
11、 his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time. 销售部经理让他手下的人把关于销售量的情况及时报告他。, 她从来不满足于现状。Shes never _ the present situation. 你对他的解释满意吗?Are you _?,5.be satisfied with.对感到满意 be content with. be pleased with.,satisfied with his explanation,satisfied with,6.would rather 宁愿；宁可宁愿做某事would r
12、ather do sth.宁愿做A事而不愿做B事would rather do A than do B=would do A rather than do B=prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿某人做某事would rather(that)sb.did /had done sth本(不)想做（而实际上未做或做了）would rather (not) have done,运用：用所给词的适当形式填空。 I would rather _ (stay) at home. I would rather you _ (go) to the cinema now. I wo
13、uld rather you _ (come) tomorrow. I would rather fail than _ (cheat) in the examination.,cheat,stay,went,came,George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture. (江苏2010)A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused【点拨】 选 B。句意：乔治将要谈他的国家的地理，但是我宁愿他能更
14、多地谈一下文化。本题中would rather后跟从句，用虚拟语气。,高考链接- Shall we go skating or stay at home?- Which _ do yourself? (05 全国） do you rather B. would you ratherC. will you rather D. should you rather,答案B would rather do sth. 更喜欢做,Id rather _ the basketball match last night. Otherwise, I would have finished my paperwor
15、k by now. （2010徐州检测）A. not have watched B. not watchC. hadnt watch D. havent watch解析:选A。would rather not have done表示“本不想做（实际却做了）”。后一句句意为：否则我现在已经完成了我的文件。 所以前句表示“本不想看球赛却看了”，故选A。,7. therefore adv.(as a result of that)因此He was very tired and _ he fell sound asleep.He was very tired. _ he fell sound asle
16、ep.He was very tired, _ he fell sound asleep.他累得很，因此睡得很熟。,therefore,Therefore,so,therefore是副词，不能直接用来连接两个简单句，and therefore 相当于so. 还有therefore常表示很强的推断，用法比较正式，so则是一个并列连词，它常用来连接两个简单句，后一个句子通常表示结果，多用于口语，比较随便。,8.equip v. 装备，配备；使有能力 _ n.U设备 _adj.准备好的，装备好的_搭配给（某人/物）配备/装备_搭配使某人准备好做某事,equip sb.for sth./to do s
17、th.,equipment,equipped,equip sb/sth.with .,be equipped with sth. 装备有,sb. be equipped for sth/ to do sth.,a piece of equipment 一件设备a set of equipment一套设备 作主语时，谓语动词由piece和set的单复数决定。类似用法的不可数名词还有：a piece of furniture 一件家具a set of furniture 一套家具a piece of advice一条建议, Our school offers good _(equip) and y
18、our training here will equip you _ your future job. The room is equipped _ home appliances (家用电器).,with,equipment,for, It was a modern，bright and well _ (equip) hospital. Education and travel have equipped him _ (deal) with all sorts of people.,to deal,equipped,即学即练4(1)Our classroom _ _ _ a TV set a
19、nd a tape recorder.我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。(2)A good education should _ _ _ _.良好的教育能使你受用终生。(3)Our school has been given _ _ _.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。,is,equipped,with,equip,you,for,life,some,new,equipment,All classes of this school are _ with modern _. A. equipped; equipment B. equipped; equipmentsC. equipping;
20、equipments D. equipping; equipment解析:选A。equip .with .意为“用装备”，被动形式为be equipped with;equipment意为“装备；设备”，是不可数名词。,9.confuse v.使困惑；混淆；搞乱 _n.混乱；紊乱；混乱状态 _adj.令人困惑的；使人混乱的 _adj. 感到困惑的；被弄糊涂的 _搭配把混同；辨别不清,confuse A with/and B,confusion,confusing,confused, He was really _(confuse) by the_ (confuse) problem which
21、 also confused other people for a long time. When the earthquake occurred everything was in _ .(confuse) Im always confusing John _ Paul.,confused,confusing,confusion,with/and,词汇拓展,10.regret n.& v.懊悔，惋惜，遗憾 _adj. 后悔的，遗憾的 _adj. 无悔的，没有遗憾的 _搭配 后悔已经做了某事 _搭配遗憾地要去做某事,regret to do sth.,regretful,regretless,
22、regret doing/having done sth,regret to say/tell/inform. 很遗憾地说/告诉/通知,with （much） regret 后悔地，遗憾地(much) to ones regret=to ones (great) regret令人遗憾的是feel regretful for.对感到后悔regretthat后悔，遗憾, The King always felt _ (regret), for he regretted _ (kill) the man who committed no crime at all. I regret_ (tell)
23、you that my friend is ill.,to tell,regretful,killing,(1)He regretted _ _ careless.He regretted _ _ _ _ careless.他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。(2)I regret _ _ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你，我们不能雇用你。(3)_ _ _ _， I must leave now.令我很遗憾的是，我现在必须离开了。 (4)We heard _ _ that you were not successful i
24、n your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。,having,been,that,he,had,been,to,inform,Much,to,my,regret,with,regret,They failed to pass the exam last time. I regretted_ them. A. to be not able to help B. not being able to helpC. being not able to help D. not be able to help解析:选B。句意表示对过去的事情感到遗憾，故用regret doing形式，
25、动名词的否定形式是在doing前加not。故选B。,11.build up vt.&vi. 逐渐增强；建立；开发运用：说出下列句中划线部分的意思。 You need more protein to build you up. Im very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up .,在逐渐增长,使你强壮,build oneself/sb. up使自己/某人健康或强壮build( sth.) up逐步获得发展增加或增强某事物,来往的车辆在通往市区的道路上越聚越多。Traffic is _ _ _ roads into
26、the city.该公司已建立起良好的信誉。The company has _ _ a fine reputation.你在病后必须要增强体力。You must _ _ your strength after your illness.答案：building up on built up build up ones strength/body 强身健体用法点拨： build up可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词，意为“逐步建立；逐步扩大”，build sth.up的意思也是我们需要特别注意的。,理解：指出句中划线部分的意思。 His carelessness led to the acc
27、ident. This road leads to that mountain village. Einstein did many experiments，which led him to this conclusion .,12.lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向联想： result in 导致，引起(某种结果),使他得出了这个结论,导致,通向,条条大道通罗马。All roads lead to Rome. lead sb to +n. 引导到lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事,(1)The bank has offered a reward for any inf
28、ormation _ the arrest of the men.银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。(2)What _ acting as a career？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？,leading to,led you to take up,focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于focus sth on. 使集中于focus ones attention on. 集中注意力于focus ones eyes on. 目光集中到 focus ones mind on. 把心思集中到上注意的焦点 the focus of attention,13.focus n.焦点；中心点 vt.
29、集中；聚焦,运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 作为学生，我们应把心思主要集中在功课上。As students,we should_. 今天，我们主要讨论无家可归者的问题。Today were going to _ of homeless people. 把注意力集中在你的工作上。 _your work.,Focus your attention on,focus our minds mainly on our lessons,focus on the problem,(1)Her beauty makes her _ _ _ _.她长得漂亮，很惹人注意。(2)She felt all the
30、eyes _ _ _ her.她觉得所有人都在注视着她。,the,focus,of,attention,were,focused,on,专心于., 把思想集中于还可表达成：concentrate (ones attention) on. fix (ones attention) on.,14.reduce v.减少;降低;缩小(尺寸,数量,价格等),reduce/fall/drop sth by . 减少了.reduce/fall/drop sth to . 减少到,派生：reduction n.降低，减少,温馨提示：reduce还可表示“使陷入某种更糟的状态” 。be reduced to
31、沦落为；简化为,运用：用适当的介词填空。 Its said that prices of oil will be increased _ more than 7yuan. Because of the pressure from people，housing prices has reduced _ 10% since the beginning of this year.,by,to,(1)He persuaded them to _ the price _ $1 000.他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元。(2)Production costs have _ _ _ one third.
32、生产成本下降了1/3。(3)The fire _ the forest _ a few trees.大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。,reduce,to,been,reduced,by,reduced,to,运用：翻译下列句子。 我们把书放进书柜以避免落上灰尘。We put our books in bookcase _.,15.keep.free from. 使免受(伤害)；使不含(有害物),them free from dust,to keep, 我们必须尽力使这条河流免受污染。We must try our best_ . 这是能让你远离疾病的最好方法。That is the best w
33、ay _.,to keep you free from sickness,to keep the river,free from pollution,ment v.评论；谈论 _n.评论，意见，解释，批评 _搭配 对某事做评论,make a comment/comments on sth.=comment on sth.,comment,comment that.评论到No comment. 无可奉告, I wont comment _ what people say.,on,(1)Have you any _ _ the proposals？你对这些建议有什么意见吗？(2)It create
34、d _ _ in the press.这引起报界广泛的评论。(3)He made some useful _ _ my work.他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。 (4)He _ that it was an excellent film.他评论这部电影很精彩。,comments,on,wide,comment,comments,on,commented,三、词组互译,1.努力拼搏做某事_2.幸亏，由于 _3.摆脱，除去 _4.宁愿，宁可 _5.使某人迷惑 _6.后悔做了某事 _,regret doing/having done sth.,struggle to do sth.,thanks
35、to,get rid of/rid. of,would rather,confuse sb,7. 导致，造成 _8. 集中注意力于 _9. 使免受伤害等 _10. 对某事进行评论 _11. 对满意 _12. 有做某事的自由 _13.in the following decade_,在后来的十年里,lead to,focus on,keep. free from.,make a comment on sth.,be satisfied/content with,have the freedom to do sth.,14.according to the statistic_15.be root
36、ed in _16.be fertile in _17.the underlined phrase _18.organic farming _,有机农业,数据表明,根源于,盛产,画线的短语,四、词组运用,1.I am so tired that I cant_ (pay full attention to) anything today.2.A young man attached himself to me at the party and I couldnt _ (make sb. /sth .free from)him.,get rid of,focus on,3.I_ (prefer
37、to) remain poor than get money by dishonest means.4.You might guess that Dr Yuan，who is now rich and famous，_ (满意) his life.,is satisfied with,would rather,5.The exposure of the diary _ (导致) many officials being caught.6._ (because of) his strong constitution，Jack was able to pull through his recent
38、 serious illness.,Thanks to,led to,7.Nowadays women _ (有更多的自由) to do anything they want to do.8. _(根据) an immigration statistic，the number of illegal immigrants in United States is currently over 22，000，000。,According to,have more freedom,9.Every Day is Valentine Day if you _ your heart _ (使远离) hate
39、 and every Day is Valentine Day if you stay away from worries.10.Art _(源于) life while reflects it.,is rooted in,keep,free from,六、语法专练,1.No one enjoys_(laugh) at.2.Where is my passport? I remember _(put) it here.You shouldnt have left it here.Remember _(take) it with you all the time.,being laughed,putting,to take,3.Its no good _(cry) over spilt milk.4.She was praised for_ (save) the life of the child.5.He came to the party without_ (invite).,crying,saving,being invited,Thank you !,
