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1、动词的 ing 形式,作定语和状语,Review,动词-ing形式能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。,动词-ing形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。,1. 作定语 动词-ing形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。(1)动词-ing形式表示“供作.之用”的意 思, 这类作定语的-ing形式叫动名词。 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming,a sleeping car,= a car for sleeping,(2)动词-ing形式表示“.的”意思, 此时含有“正在”的意思，叫现 在分词。 a sle
2、eping child working people the rising sun,a walking stick,=a stick used for walking,drinking water,=water for drinking,a waiting room,=a room for waiting,动词 -ing 形式是短语，应放在所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。,They are visitors coming from several countries.,who come from several countries.,Three days later I received
3、a letter offering me the job.,which offered me the job.,The girl standing there _ is my classmate.,who stands there,Practice: _ dogs seldom bite.Bark B. To bark C. Barked D. Barking(2) The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt_.frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened C. frighten; fr
4、ightening D. frightening; frightening,D,A,(3) Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby.asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept(4) The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming.A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake,C,A,现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它
5、地各种形式变化：,主动形式 被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed,一般式,完成式,现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not (never)，即加在含有 ing 这个单词的前面。,Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造地 这栋楼房室我们地 新图书馆（being bui
6、lt为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）,Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。,现在分词作状语,现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.),Whil
7、e waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While he was waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.),1）表时间状语,2) 表原因状语 Being ill, he didnt go to school. (=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.),Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard
8、.）,既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。,由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。,Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (As I thought he might be at home, I called him.),3)表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作，或是与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。这时候，可以变成一个 and 连接的并列句。,Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the
9、sofa, and watched TV.),他们笑着谈着走进了教室。,_ , they went into the classroom.,他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。,He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.),Laughing and talking,4) 表结果 ( 表示自然而然、顺其自然的结果） Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990, an
10、d left her with her younger brother.),全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受 欢 迎地歌曲。,The song is sung all over the country,_.,making it the most popular song,5)表条件,Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.),一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。,_, you will see a white house.,Walking ahead,ing 形
11、式的否定式、完成式及其被动语态（完成式表示v-ing的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前）,1.Never wanting it to happen again, the teacher scolded Jim seriously.2. Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to ask her sister for help.3. Being built, the buildings are not open to the students.4. Having experienced the bitterness of laziness, Jack ma
12、de up his mind to work hard.5.Having been told that their parents had had an accident, the twin sisters burst into tears.,如果动词 ing形式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语怎么办？,动词的ing形式（现在分词）作状语必须满足一个条件: 现在分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。如果不是这样，那么就要在现在分词的前面加上它的逻辑主语，这样就变成了独立主格结构。,动词的ing形式与逻辑主语构成独立主格结构：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my h
13、ead我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。,有时也可用with (without) +名词 （代词宾格）+分词形式 （with 的复合结构）With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 v-ing 作独立成分：Judging from(by) h
14、is appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。 considering 考虑到assuming / supposing/ providing that.假如,Practise: They set out _ for the _ boy.searching; losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing(2) The student sat there, _ what to do.doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not kn
15、ow D. not knowing,c,D,现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not (never),(3)He sat there _ , with his head on his hand.and think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought(4) The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting;
16、adding D. visited; added,B,C,1.The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president.(MET91)To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 2.European foot ball is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 98)Making B. makes C. made D. to make,B
17、,现在分词表结果状语,A,现在分词作伴随状语,高考链接,3. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (MET93)A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily point D. and angrily pointing,A,现在分词作伴随状语,4. _ a reply, he decided to write again.(MET92)Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
18、5._ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.(上海91年题)Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known,C,A,现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。,作原因状语,1. The stranger said something in a _ voice and the little girl was very much _. A. frightening, frightened
19、B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened,2. Mother caught the boy _ in thebcorner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking,3. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Ha
20、ving not completed,4. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked,5. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in,6. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be t
21、oo late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,7. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting,8. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into
22、the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing,9. _ in the queue for half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited,10. The picture _ on the wall is pain
23、ted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung,Individual activity,1. _ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. (2008天津) A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown,I. Multiple choice,2. Lots of rescue workers were working aroun
24、d the clock, _ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010福建) A. sending B. to send C. having sentD. to have sent,4. He had a wonderful childhood, _ with his mother to all corners of the world. (2010安徽) A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling,3. _ the city center, we saw
25、a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010上海) A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached,5. It rained heavily in the south, _ serious flooding in several provinces. (2010天津) A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause,6. The news shocked the public, _ to great conc
26、ern about students safety at school. (2010重庆) A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead,7. The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. (2011全国) A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen,8. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _nothing about the argument. (2011全国II) A. says B. said C. to say D.
27、saying,9. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _ on you feet. (2011北京) A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept,10. Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, _ newly cleaned and polished. (2011上海春) A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking,11.
28、More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (2011陕西) A. making B. made C. to make D. having made,13. _ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.(2011辽宁) A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering,12. Do you wa
29、ke up every morning _energetic and ready to start a new day? (2011湖南) A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt,1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her._ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.,II. Rewrite the following sentences.,When,approaching,2. The person
30、 who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _ can speak seven languages.,translating,the,songs,3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ there isreading a book about bodylanguage.,who,is,standing,4. Because he comes from Jordan, he mov
31、es close to ask you a question_ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.,Coming,from,III. Using structures,hold in arms, cry, appear sad,The woman holds her son in arms, crying and appearing very sad.,box, hit on the face, move, steps,The two boxing men try to hit the other on the face, movin
32、g their steps carefully.,ski, laugh, exciting,They are skiing down the hill, laughing all the way. What an exciting scene it is!,dance, sing, raise arms up, amazing music,They are dancing to amazing music, singing and raising their arms up.,Koala Bear, carry, climb, search for food,Carrying her litt
33、le baby on the back, the mother Koala Bear climbs up the trees, searching for food.,1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expre
34、ssions are helpful communications, too.,Not having,working,Seeing,speaking,IV. 改错,5. “Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering,please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.,pointing,Knock,making,Thank you!,
