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1、By Wang Lanying Foreign Language Department,The Formation of Medial Vocabulary,A Course of Learning English for Medical Purposes,I. Target,1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning,2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writing with ML,I. Target,3
2、. Nurture the sense of stylistic research,II. Methodology,1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation,2.Understand the medical language traits through reading,3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features,4. Active and energetic learning under the teachers guide,III. Course Arrangement,1.72 Teachin
3、g periods,4/week,2.Eight Units this term,3.Required course and exam,4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically,Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language. The words at first sound strange and complicated
4、 although they may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning eye doctor,are examples. The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and the
5、n understood.,What is medical language?,Basic elements of medical words,Most medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vo
6、wels (o/a) that join all these parts.,Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45 letters),Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis,粉尘病,火山,硅/矽,超显微的,肺的,It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. 医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dyspho
7、nia (发声困难), anorexia (厌食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis,Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.To analyze words structurally. Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms
8、.,gastr /o/ enter /o/ logy,root,root,suffix,Combining form,Electr /o/ cardi /o/ gram,root,root,root,combining vowel,combining vowel,心电图,2. To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/ logy means the stud
9、y of the blood.,3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. Hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤Hematoma: blood tumor 血肿,OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatoma,anatomy: process of cutting upgastrectomy: removal of the stom
10、acharthrotomy: incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多Necrosis 坏死Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多,The Roles of Pronunciation,Medical TerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCells,Endocrine syst.,Reproductive syst.,Mastery of Medical Words,OrgansTissuesCells,Distribution of vocabulary in medical
11、literature,Essential voc.,Popular science voc.,Medical terms,The 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndrome,The 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , dissolve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation,The 1st category 70%: comment,
12、investigate, study,Distribution of vocabulary,Combining forms,prefixes,suffixes,cyt/o : cellderm/o :skinbi/o : lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o : jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o : liverleuk/o :whiteoste/o : bone,epi- :abovemulti-: manypoly-: manyex- : outendo- :insidetrans- : acrosshyper-: excessivehypo- :defic
13、ient,-emia :blood condition-ectomy: excision-gram: record-cyte: cell-scope: instrument fro visually exam-itis: inflammation-ist : person specialized in-logy: process of study-oma: tumor-osis: abnormal condition-tomy: cutting,How to improve your word power,I. ConversionII. derivativeIII. Compounding,
14、opportunist 条件致病菌physiology/-ist/ -gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳,（后缀） 透入,I.Conversionhost 大批、许多、东道主、主持人、 宿主sympathetic block交感神经阻滞术sympathetic nerve交感神经cell 隐士的小屋，巢室， 电池，小修道院 capsule 小盒子，航天舱，胶囊药,被膜,reservoir 贮主(zhu)to protect trachea from collapsing the uncompromised host
15、 space occupying lesionopportunistic infection Target therapy,II. Derivative,Atypical AsymptomaticAntivirusAntigenAntibodyIntercostalIntercellulartricuspid,MuscularPhysiological/physiologicallyMicroscopic/ microscopicallyImmunoreactivityImmunoreactantImmunologic toleranceimmunomodulation,Prefix: ir-
16、 il- im-mis-,irregularity irresistableillegal, illiterateimmature immobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisunderstand,PrefixDis/dys- dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea diseasein- inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivated,none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstress testnonulcer d
17、yspepsianonspecific immunitynonsense mutationnonself,非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非自我的,un- unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛,Suffix: n. reliance resistance existence coldness consciousnes
18、s decision collision inclusiontreatmentencouragement,Adj. generous continuous miscellaneous congenital conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially,ex-exclusionexcretion exhaleex- presidentex-wifeexclude,排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外,V.-en.(a.+ en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)lengthenshortenworsenweake
19、nbrightenlighten,-al n.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(but not: compose, compromise),III. Compounding,Immunostimulant 免疫兴奋药Polyneuropathy 多神经病Polyomavirus 多瘤病毒 syngenesiotransplantation同血统移植术Traumatic encephalopathy外伤性脑病,Cerebrospinal 脑脊髓的Cerebrotomy 脑切开术Cerebrovascular 脑血管的Cardiomyo
20、pathy 心肌病Cardiohepatic 心肝的Cardioinhibitor 心动抑制药Postnasal drip 后鼻滴注Postmenopausal 绝经后,Organ root combining wordsliver hepato/a- hepatocarcinomalung pulmono- pulmonoaortic kidney reno-/nephro- nephrotoxin heart cardio- cardiovalvularnerve neuro- neurocytomaspleen splen(o) splenemia 脾充血,brain cerebro-
21、cerebrovascularhead cephal(o) cephalosporin P 头孢菌素Peye ophthalm/ ophthalmoscope 检眼镜skin dermo- dermopathy 皮肤病ear oto- otologychest thorac/o- thoracolumbar,nose naso- nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo laryngitis 喉炎Pharynx Pharyng pharyngectomy 咽切除arteri/o artery arteriostenosis 动脉狭窄vaso vessel vasodi
22、lation,描述人体器官方位：Anterior anterior band of colon 结肠前带posterior posterior teeth 后牙superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉inferior inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉,inter between interatrial 房间的 Intra inside intracellularEndo intra- endocarditisPoly many, much polyarthritisMulti many, much multicuspid 多尖的Hyper h
23、igh, extra hypertension,hypo- low, less hypotension homo- same homolateral同侧的 homograft hetero- different heteroantigen 异种抗原dys- abnormal dysplasia 发育不良 dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难,counter- against countercurrent 逆流 countertransport 反向转运 psycho- mental psychology psychiatryelectro- electricity elect
24、rosynthesis staphyl/o- 葡萄、悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty悬雍垂成形术,thrombo-血栓 thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎 thromboendocarditis 血栓性心内膜炎meningo- 脑膜，脑脊膜 meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎 meningoencephalitis 脑膜脑炎,radio- radiation radionuclideangiocardiography 放射性核素心血管造影术immuno- immunity immunosuppres
25、sionlympho- lymphoatic lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少 Strepto 链球菌的 streptococcus streptomycin,Osteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的Syn- combining /together synchromism 同步现象 synchronized sleep 同步睡眠Tri-three tricuspid triphosphate 三磷酸盐De- removal dehydration 脱水 deceleration 减速
26、,Suffix:-itis inflammation hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关节炎,-tomy (removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy-graphy（照像术） cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法,- gram imaging cardiogram 心动图 -scope (glass) ophthalmoscope stethos
27、cope microscope telescope microscope telescope,-cyte( cell) leukocyte myocyte-coccus 球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 meningococci pneumococci streptococci,-logy (science Psychology Pathology Pharmacology dermology -ist scientist Physiologist -cian specialist physician pediatrician technician clinician,-oma (n
28、eoplasm) hepatoarcinoma adenoma 腺瘤-emia disease leukemia lipidemia 脂血症 erythroblaste 成红细胞血症,-pathy (disease) pathophysiology myopathy 肌病-osis 异常，增多 leukocytosis erythroblastosis 成红细胞增多 -ia ( abnormal condition) otitis media otoneuralgia 耳神经痛,hypogammaglobulinemiacytomegalovirusmononuclear leukocytosisosteomyelitisencephalitismeningitis,低丙种球蛋白血症细胞巨化病毒单核细胞增多骨髓炎脑炎脑膜炎,Test Yourselves,PoliomyelitisImmunocytochemistryImmunosuppressionLymphoproliferative syndromesLymphoangiologyLymphangiotomylymphangiosarcoma,脊髓灰质炎免疫细胞化学免疫抑制淋巴细胞增生性 综合症淋巴管学淋巴管切开术淋巴管肉瘤,Thanks for your attention!,
