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1、句子成分,组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：,主,谓,宾,定,状,补,表,1. 主语:通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词, 从句来充当.,( climb ) the mountains was hard but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view.,is necessary to master a foreign language.,To climb/ climbing,It,2.谓语:通常由动词充当.,1.They work very hard.2.Tom feels much better now.,情态动词和助动词
2、不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成复合谓语.,They can speak English well.They are playing over there.We are students.,动词常分为实义动词,系动词,情态动词和助动词.,3. 表语：跟在系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.,The truth is that he has never been abroad.,(系动词:is ,am, are seem ,get, become , turn, fall, sound, smell, look, taste),通常由 形容词，不定式，动名词，
3、介词短语，从句来充当。,The youngster immediately fell _(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.,silent,4.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,动名词,不定式和宾语从句构成.,2. I enjoy (listen ) to popular music.3.Our teacher said that he would go there. 4. instructors expect students to be familiar with _(info
4、rm) in the reading.,1. I took a different view. I did not get any help from anybody. I think good to have a balance of viewpoints. (2009届湛江二模),listening,it,information,宾语的种类,双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.复合宾语 （宾语+宾语补足语） They elected him their monitor.,5. 宾补：英语中有些及物动词，除了有一个直接
5、宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整，补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系） 一般由 名词，形容词，不定式，现在分词，过去分词，从句来充当。,They elected him their monitor. Loud music makes me (comfort). Dont make the baby (cry) anymore. They found the house (break) in. I saw the goats (eat ) the grass.You mustnt force him (lend )his money to you.,cry,bro
6、ken,eating,to lend,uncomfortable,6.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词. 一般用形容词,不定式,分词，介词短语,从句等来充当.,1. In a _(danger ) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to2. He is always the first student to get to school.3. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progr
7、ess.4. I want to become a youth of high quality.,dangerous,7，状语:说明动作或状态特征，用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.由副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的从句.,The boy finished by saying, “Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is _39_ (true) rich.”,truly,I met my best frien
8、d Tom at the station yesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,英语句子的种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),简单句的五种基本句型,他所说的没有什么关系。What he said does not matter.这个学校三分之二的学生反对这个计划。Two thirds of the students in the school oppose this plan.她的工作是在幼儿园照看儿童。Her job is to take care of chil
9、dren in the nursery.我要你把真相告诉我。I want you to tell me the truth.他的父亲买给他一台电脑。His father bought him a computer., （主谓）, （主谓宾）,（主系表）,（主谓宾宾补）,（主谓间宾直宾）,不及物动词 Vi.,及物动词 Vt.,系动词,宾语补足语,指人,指物,特别说明 本句型中，谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、不定式、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。,Much unfairness exists in the society.,不及物动词 Vi.,特别说明及物动词本
10、身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语)，才可以表达一个完整的意思。做宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句等。,1.常要求接动名词作宾语的动词有admit，advise，avoid，consider，delay，enjoy，finish，forbid，imagine，mind，miss，practice，risk，suggest，give up，cant help，look forward to等。,2.接to do和doing意义不同的动词或短语有remember，forget，regret，stop，go on等。3.表示“(某物)需要(做某事)”的动词need，want，require等，
11、接doing的主动形式与接to be done意思相同。,及物动词 Vt.,1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stayHe always kept silent at meeting. 3）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, seem, appear, lookThis flower smells very sweet.4）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go
12、, comeHe became mad after that.,系动词,特别说明本句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分，如形容词、名词、动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意思。,注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, l
13、ook at 等)，使役动词(如 let, have, make 等)，动词不定式不带 to。,宾语补足语,一般说来，在give，tell，lend，sell，teach，send，write，show，return，bring，pass，leave，offer，hand等后面表示“给”某人做某事，用to；在buy，choose，get，make，order，sing，do，play，save等后表示“为”某人做某事，用for；,1. I got up very early to catch the first bus.2. We should keep calm in face of dan
14、ger.6. We all think that he is honest. What we think is that he is honest. All of us consider him honest. 7. I think that helping him is our duty. I think that it is out duty to help him. I think it our duty to help him.8. He taught us Chinese last year.,1. 30% of girls want to become teachers while
15、 only 5% of boys want to do that.2. Plenty of people come to visit here and the number of visitors has increased year by year.3. Each year thousands of new buildings are built, but they still cant meet the needs of people.4. Work hard, and you will make progress.5. It was cold outside, so we had to
16、stay at home.6. Fish must stay in water, or they will die.,简单句五个基本句型的综合运用,写作内容根据以下内容，用五句话介绍你班班长。 1.李明是我们班里的一名优秀学生。2.他能够用英语流利地表达。,3.因为这些原因，我们选他做我们班的班长。 4.去年，他在我生日的时候送了我一份很漂亮的礼物。 5.现在，我们成为好朋友,这个暑假我将和他去旅游。,Li Ming is an excellent student in our class. Besides, he can express himself in English fluently. For these reasons, we chose/elected him as the monitor of our class. Last year, he gave me a nice gift on my birthday. Now we become good friends and this summer he and I will go travelling, together.,Thank you !,
