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1、四级考试讲座,1,四、六级考试各部分测试内容、题型、时间和所占比例,四级考试讲座,2,一、写作,一）评分原则1. 总体评分法2. 兼顾内容与语言3. 定档给分（2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14)二）答题启示1. 注意文章的给读者的第一印象2. 注重文章内容的丰富性3. 注重文章中语言的准确性和连贯性,四级考试讲座,3,一、写作,三）历年真题1995.01-论说文：Can Money Buy Happiness?1995.06-说明文：Advantages of a Job Interview1996.01-说明文：The Two Way Weekend1996.06-说明文：Global
2、 Shortage of Fresh Water1997.01-说明文：Practice Makes Perfect1997.06-说明文：Getting to Know the Outside of the campus1998.01-说明文：Harmfulness of Fake Commodities1998.06-论说文：Do Lucky Numbers Bring Good Luck?1999.01-说明文：Dont Hesitate to Say “No”,四级考试讲座,4,一、写作,三）历年真题1999.06-论说文：Reading Extensively or Intensiv
3、ely2000.01-说明文：How I Finance My College Education2000.06-论说文：Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary2001.01-说明文：How to Succeed in a Job Interview2001.06-应用文：A Letter to a Schoolmate2002.01-应用文：A Letter to the University President About the Canteen Service on the Campus2002.06-说明文：Student Use of Comput
4、ers(图表),四级考试讲座,5,一、写作,三）历年真题2003.01 -说明文：It Pays to be Honest(阐述)2003.06 -说明文：An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident(描写与分析)2004.01 -应用文：A Letter in Reply to a Friend2004.06 -应用文：A Brief Introduction to A Tourist Attraction(导游词)2005.01 -应用文：A Campaign Speech(演讲词)2005.06 -叙议文：An Incident2005.12
5、-论说文：Should the University Campus be Open to Tourists?2006.06-应用文： Write a Poster Recruiting Volunteers2006.12-议论文：Spring Festival Gala on CCTV2007.06应用文：Welcome to our club(欢迎词)2007.12论说文：Electives to choose2008.06论说文：Recreational Activities,四级考试讲座,6,一、写作,三）历年真题2005.12 -论说文：Should the University Ca
6、mpus be Open to Tourists? Part V Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below : 1名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3我认为
7、Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?,四级考试讲座,7,一、写作,三）历年真题2006.06-应用文： Write a Poster Recruiting Volunteers Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below :1校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿
8、者活动，现招募志愿者2本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等3报名条件及联系方式 Volunteers Needed,四级考试讲座,8,三）历年真题2006.12-议论文：Spring Festival Gala on CCTVDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Spring Festival Gala on CCTV. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1.
9、许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会3. 我的看法,一、写作,四级考试讲座,9,一、写作2006.12-议论文 范文: Spring Festival Gala on CCTV,The approach of the Chinese Lunar New Year poses（提出） a national issue concerning the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Its established status is being challenged by a growing number
10、of people, especially by younger generations. It is increasing difficult to cater for(迎合） all tastes.Some individuals deem that it should be cancelled or replaced by other programs. These young people focus their attention on other forms of celebration instead if immersing（沉浸） themselves in TV. Desp
11、ite that, the majority of middle-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance of the traditional performance. The most striking feature of this gala is its traditionally close link with ordinary peoples lives. Most of people view this gala as an annual staple on the Eve of this traditional
12、Chinese Spring Festival. They all have a restless night and glue their eyes on the television.I am not supportive of the view that the grand gala should be abandoned. Undoubtedly, it plays a vital role in the celebration of the Chinese New Year. To increase its appeal and meet the needs of the young
13、 adults, CCTV should come up with programs to make this event more remarkable.,四级考试讲座,10,2007.06-应用文：An Announcement to Welcome Students to Join a Club(演讲告示)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an announcement to welcome students to join a club. You should write at least 12
14、0 words following the outline given below.1. 本社团的主要活动内容2. 参加本社团的好处3. 任何加入本社团,一、写作,四级考试讲座,11,一、写作范文(2007.06-应用文：演讲稿) ：Welcome to Our Club,The Speech Club is organizing school-wide speech training and contests to be held on each Saturday at the Students Recreational Center. Five prestigious experts an
15、d professors will be invited to be speech lecturers and contests judges. For each speech contest, the first six winners will be given awards.Attending our club has substantial advantages. Firstly, it can improve your ability to deliver a speech which is of utmost significance to your future career a
16、nd development. Secondly, it can help you to possess self-confidence, enrich your extra-curricula activities and make your campus life colorful. To sum up, the experiences in our club will be extraordinarily unforgettable throughout your life.Students who are interested in taking part in the club ma
17、y sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week (Dec. 26). Everybody is welcome to a member of our club.,四级考试讲座,12,一、写作论说文：（2007-12）,What electives to choose 1、各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2、学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3、以你自己为例,四级考试讲座,13,一、写作论说文：Selecting Courses（2007-12）,Recently, people in growing numb
18、ers show their concern about selecting courses. In some colleges, students are permitted to pick out their courses professors freely. The reasons are listed as follows:In the first place, students can choose the teacher according to their interests, which will be helpful for their future careers. Be
19、sides, selecting courses can reduce the rate of students absence indirectly for students usually choose their favorite teachers.As far as I am concerned, every coin has two sides. On the one hand, students may learn the course better, because they may choose the professor they liked. On the other ha
20、nd, if the professor who is very popular and a great number of students would like to attend his/her course, the classroom must be overcrowded. It will have a bad impact on the class.,四级考试讲座,14,一、写作论说文：Recreational Activities(2008.06),In the era of information and technology, there are all kinds of
21、recreational activities. Some people think those recreational activities are great and necessary, because they can help people relax from the hard work and study. Some of the activities, such as hiking, jogging, can help people relax physically; while some of them, such as surfing the Internet, can
22、help people relax mentally.However, some people think that so many kinds of recreational activities may have a bad effect on our lives. Some people may not resist some temptations from those activities, and indulge themselves in those activities. At last they are lured away from their study or their
23、 work.In my opinion, we should pay more attention to the advantages of various recreational activities and make the most of them. Meanwhile, we should learn how to use those activities positively, and make them a helpful tool for our development.,四级考试讲座,15,四）命题趋势：2001年1月以前：说明文、论说文为主，少有应用文2001年6月-200
24、7年6月：应用文为主（书信、演讲词、海报告示）说明文、论说文、记叙文为辅2007年12月以来及未来趋势：时效性强的论说文、与学生生活及未来就业密切有关的应用文（如求职函、投诉函及对投诉函的回信等）,一、写作,四级考试讲座,16,五）写作策略：1) 认真审题 审请题目、关键词、段首句、题纲、提示、图表； 确定主题、明确范围、选定素材、抓住重点；2) 列出提纲、深刻思考、打好腹稿、抓住要点、准备例证3) 正确表达 选择正确的文体与格式 选择准确地道的表达方式：句型多样化；上下文逻辑连 贯；语法、拼写、措辞准确多变；4) 修改校对：语法、拼写、标点、措辞5) 把握时间：1)、2)步：3-5分钟; 3
25、)步：20-25分钟；4)步：3-5分钟,一、写作,四级考试讲座,17,五）写作策略1. 段首句作文 （即主题句作文 ） 应对策略:-确定主题和中心；-审清题目和所给段首句；-写好扩展句，句子语言正确，句型多样化；-提供具体例证（即次要扩展句）说明主题句， 避免空洞无物论点； -句与句、段与段之间的过渡和照应 （启呈转合）；-段落首尾及文章首尾的呼应。,一、写作,四级考试讲座,18,五）写作策略2. 标题与提纲作文（中或英文提纲，问题式提纲） 应对策略： -理解题目与提纲中所提供的信息； -确定文章题材； -利用提纲中提供的信息并搜罗更多有关素材； -围绕题目发展、充实提纲； -写作时切勿照搬
26、抄译 要整体安排； （参考段首句作文的写作对策）,一、写作,四级考试讲座,19,五）写作策略3. 图表说明文（图片与图表） 应对策略：写好标题第一段：描述图表（忌流水帐，利用比较典型的数据或例子）第二段：分析因果第三段：做出结论与预测发展趋势，或得出启示、提出建议或解决方法 牢记图表作文常用的表达方式！,一、写作,四级考试讲座,20,五）写作策略 4. 议论文 （argumentation）应对策略： -着重发表自己看法、用自己的论点来劝说、影 响和说服读者； -三段式 提出问题、分析问题（用充分的论据来论证自 己的观点）、得出结论； -观点要鲜明 理论事实有力充分 逻辑性强（做好启、承、转、
27、合） 用词用句恰当明确,一、写作,四级考试讲座,21,五）写作策略5. 应用文写作书信：注意文体格式及语言特点注意信封的写法注意信内格式信头 (Letter head writers name and address)日期 (Date)封内地址 (Addressees address)开头称呼语 (Salutation)正文 (Body)结束敬语 (Complimentary close)署名 (Signature),一、写作,四级考试讲座,22,一、写作,五）写作策略 A Letter of Job ApplicationMr. Jim Wang June 10, 2008 105 Xing
28、ang Road （West）Guangzhou, 510275Dear Mr. Wang, I noted with interest your advertisement for a PR manager in todays China Daily. You will see from the enclosed curriculum vitae (resume) that I am majoring in PR science at SundayYat-sen University and have won prizes in three consecutive (连续的） years.
29、You may also see that I had three months experience as assistant to aPR manager when I was a trainer clerk at a travel agency. Myresponsibilities there included all types of secretarial work, arranging and attending presentations, working with clients, solving problems that arose, and dealing with c
30、ompany affairs in the place of the manager when he was away. Although the school has promised me a teaching post after my graduation and I can do a good job of teaching, I feel that my prospects with the school would be limited and that there would be more scope for my talents with a more challengin
31、g and dynamic company. If you consider that my qualifications and experience are suitable, I should be available for interview at any time. Yours sincerely, (Signature) Encl.: curriculum vitae,四级考试讲座,23,一、写作,五）写作策略如何获得作文高分？1) 熟悉各种文体的写法，每种文体背诵2-3篇范文，考 试时可灵活套用；2) 掌握足够句型，灵活套用,写好文章及段落的开头和 结尾；3) 每个主题句后应不
32、少于3个扩展句(个别还需次要扩 展句);4) 注意扩展句（例证）、扩展段与主题（句）的一致性；5) 注意句与句、段与段之间的连贯性；6) 注意文章的外部结构；字数不少于120词，文章一定要 分为3-4个段落（引言、发展、总结），不可糅杂成一 个单一的段落；7) 规划时间，准时交卷；8) 卷面工整、书法规范、整洁美观。,四级考试讲座,24,二、快速阅读,快速阅读解题技巧 一）是非题 看标题了解文章大致内容，框架，基本结构； 定位重要，搜查题干中出现的内容或关键词，遇到有 数字的地方要引起重视； 可不细读原文，直接带着问题在原文中寻找答案； 平时加强快读（即寻读和略读）训练；切忌逐词、逐句按部就班
33、地阅读。,四级考试讲座,25,二、快速阅读,快速阅读解题技巧二）简答题 通读文章，抓住文章的主旨，即主要谈论什么问题。 用快速阅读理解做题思路(skimming和 scanning) 两种手段; 答案尽量照抄原文，但要抄得恰到好处，抄得简练，题干问什么或缺什么，就抄什么。其余不相干内容不要抄上。如遇到原句太长，则需要根据原文内容进行组织，概括出答案。 避免语法和语言错误；避免使用不熟悉或没把握的单词，词组或句式；注意单词大小写及拼写；控制字数（一般在3个词左右，最多不超过10个词）。,四级考试讲座,26,二、快速阅读,快速阅读解题技巧三）选择题 方法综合参考以上两类题型以及深度阅读的多项选择题
34、型的答题方式。,四级考试讲座,27,三、听力理解,正确的听音习惯是提高听力理解能力的保证！一）综述 听音时，注意如下几点： 预读并正确理解选项：一般来讲，尽管答案和听力材料意思相同，但两者的表述往往不同。 句子时态： 有时句子中没有具体的时间状语表示动作发生的时间，那么只有对句子时态加以注意，才能判断时间先后； 信号词：however, but, because等信号词能提醒你说话人的思路发展方向； 同义词： 在同一篇讲话中有时为了避免重复，讲话人会用不同的词或词组指同一件事或同样东西。比如，打电话可以用phone表示，还可以说ring up或call； 代词： 在英语中，上文提到的名词在下文
35、中再出现时就用代词表示，在听的过程中需明确代词的所指； 关键词与数字：从关键词中进行推断； 注意重要句型与习惯表达方式； 理解成语、习语。,四级考试讲座,28,三、听力理解,二）短对话的题类： 1. 数字与计算 2. 职业、身份与相互关系 3. 因果关系 4. 地点与场所 5. 态度与反应（掌握表示态度的词汇）6. 肯定与否定7. 推理与判断8. 句型与习惯用语的理解,四级考试讲座,29,三、听力理解,三）长对话应试技巧 充分利用朗读听力指令时间，预读、预判选项，大致猜出对话谈论话题。 从问题设置角度来说，极有可能会有一道题问对话主旨，而答案就在开头或结尾。 做题顺序和题目顺序大致相同。 可
36、“一心多用”，边听边记边看边选。,四级考试讲座,30,三、听力理解,四）短文听力应试技巧 听短文前，应充分利用朗读Directions的时间，快速浏览各题选项，最大限度地依据选项提供的信息，判断每篇短文可能陈述的主题思想，推测每道题可能提出的问题。 注意听段首句和段尾句。根据对大学英语四级统考试题的分析，我们发现短文听力的测试与短文阅读理解一样，有着一定的规律。通常，许多短文的段首句和段尾句都会包含一个问题。 由于短文后面的提问常和文中的细节有关，因此必须记住听过的内容（做笔记）。 如果短文是一篇故事，听的时候应抓住地点、时间、人物、因果等要素（when, where, what, which
37、, why, who, whose, how)。,四级考试讲座,31,三、听力理解,五）复合式听写应试技巧 1. 熟练掌握并不断扩充词汇量。单词的记忆必须做到准确，这样才能迅速而准确地拼写出来。平时背单词时应该注意重音和音节。2. 必须灵活运用并不断扩充语法知识。语法关系到写出的句子是否规范、合乎逻辑。3. 充分利用朗读“复合式听写”的Directions的时间，尽快浏览短文，以对全文的中心思想有所了解，做到心中有数。在浏览短文时，可以运用所掌握的语言知识和各项语言技能，尽可能提前推断S36至S43空格所填单词的词性以及S44至S46空格的大致句式。 4. 特别注意文章中可能出现的现在分词和过
38、去分词以及句子的时态。,四级考试讲座,32,三、听力理解,五）复合式听写应试技巧5. 听第一遍朗读时，因为有了听音前的浏览，考生可以适当地填写S1至S7的单词项或作些笔记，主要记些句中的实义词，最主要的是抓住主、谓、宾，因为这些词是组织句子的关键。6. 培养边听边记的能力。记录时不必写全单词，可以使用缩写、简写，甚至一些符号，只要自己能看懂就行，在平时可做些类似的训练。7. 第三遍朗读时，应做好修改补漏工作。核对要点内容，力求完整准确，尽量不要出现多余信息，减少语法及拼写错误。8. 单词听写务必准确无误，句子听写最好能照原文记下，但用自己的正确的语言（英语）完整地表达原文的意思亦可视为正确得满
39、分。,四级考试讲座,33,四、仔细阅读理解之篇章层次的词汇理解,选词填空应试技巧 考查篇章理解能力，环环紧扣；理解句与句，段与段之间的关系； 把握每个词的词性，理解词类句法功能，由此可缩小范围；语法功能决定待选词的词性，上下文意思决定待选词的语义； 充分利用上下文提示、理解上下文的逻辑关系； 培养较强的语法、句法能力； 注意搭配( 动词与介词/副词的搭配、形容词/名词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配乃至名词与名词的搭配等)。 千万别记“单”词！,四级考试讲座,34,四、仔细阅读理解之篇章层次的词汇理解,Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (2
40、5 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identi
41、fied by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once . Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.,四级考试讲座,35,四、仔细阅读理解之篇章层次的词汇理解,When Roberto Feliz came to t
42、he USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English. Education soon became a 47 . “I couldnt understand anything,” he said. He 48 from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out. Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching h
43、im math and science in his 49 Spanish. “She helped me stay smart while teaching me English,” he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he 50 confidence and began to succeed in school. Today, he is a 51 doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. Every day, he uses the
44、language and academic skills he 52 through bilingual education to treat his patients.,四级考试讲座,36,四、仔细阅读理解之篇章层次的词汇理解,Robertos story is just one of 53 success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most 54 way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically
45、. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students 55 outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college 56 rates of more than 90%. In El Paso, bilingual education programs have he
46、lped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.,四级考试讲座,37,四、仔细阅读理解之篇章层次的词汇理解,注意：此部分试题请在 答题卡 2 上作答。A) wonder I) hid B) acquired J) prominent C) consistently K) decent D) regained L) countless E) nightmare M) recalled F) native N) breakthrough G) acceptance O) au
47、tomatically H) effective,四级考试讲座,38,五、仔细阅读理解之篇章阅读理解命题规律, 倒着考/反着考题型命题模式为：文章中B导致C；问：有C这一结果，为什么？答案：因为B。所谓反着考，即将文章中的某句话，反过来考一遍。 转折处出题学生应对阅读文章中出现转折的地方特别加以注意。表示转折的标志词有：but, in fact, however, nevertheless等。 seem/look/sound处出题作者经常借助这类词用以引用他人或一般人的看法，其实并不代表作者的真正要表达的含义，你得继续往下看。,四级考试讲座,39,五、仔细阅读理解之篇章阅读理解命题规律, 例证
48、考题命题模式：作者先陈述一种观点并举例作为证明。问题问你这个例子说明了什么？很简单，就是说明或证明前面提出的观点。 指代题原文中某一段某一行中的it/ them/ they/ theirs等指代什么？做这类题，记住两个字“回指”，也就是往回看。因为只有上文提到了某一事物，下文才可用这类词。 推论题标志词有：infer/ inference/ suggest/ imply/ implication/ conclude/ conclusion等。这类题目属比较难的题，要把握好。,四级考试讲座,40,五、仔细阅读理解之篇章阅读理解命题规律, 语义题实际上就是猜测词义。手法有许多，最主要方法应该是依据
49、该词或词组或句子所出现的context，即上下文或语境。记住：比较肤浅的字面或句面解释通常不选。 结构考题应该承认，结构考题在四级考试中较少出现。原因在于四级考试中的阅读文章相对较短，大多数考细节题，再加上一些语义、推论、主旨考题，基本上可覆盖整篇文章。 段落归纳题此类题要特别注意段首句和段尾句。因为它通常是段落大意。标志词有in general, generally, in a word等。,四级考试讲座,41,五、仔细阅读理解之篇章阅读理解命题规律, 态度性考题态度性问题考查学生是否了解文章作者或文中某人对某事物所持观点或态度。经常出现的词汇有：neutral, objective, in
50、different, positive, approving, supportive, enthusiastic, optimistic, pessimistic, disapproving, negative, critical等。 因果关系考题主要考查学生对两个事件之间因果关系的正确理解。 主旨性考题顾名思义，要求考生判断文章的中心思想。注意：有超过一半的文章主旨出现在文章的开头和结尾。正确选项特征为概括，宏观，抽象。,四级考试讲座,42,五、仔细阅读理解之篇章阅读理解命题规律, 比较级、最高级处出题 细节性考题细节性考题为阅读理解的基本考题。此类考题相对简单。,四级考试讲座,43,六、完
