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1、Appositives , Appositive Clauses And Their Application同位语 、同位语从句及运用,Zhao Mei,Step1. Warming up and lead in热身和导入,Read the following sentences and find out what kind of parts of speech the underlined words are. 读下列句子，并指出划横线词语所充当的句子成分。,He, Song Joong-ki , was born on September 19, 1985. 宋仲基出生于1985年9月19
2、日。,Descendents of the sun, a mini TV series, attracted us all.太阳的后裔，一部迷你电视剧，吸引了我们所有人。,People, male and female, are attracted by Song Joong-ki.人们，男的女的，都为宋仲基所吸引。,Although I was also attracted by this TV play, the belief that true love can overcome all difficulties left the deepest impression on me. 尽管
3、我也为这部电视剧所吸引，给我印象最深的还是真爱能克服一切困难这个信念。,总结：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 关系不紧密时,可用逗号隔开，补充解释说明它们的_, 它可以由_、_、_或_充当。,身份或具体内容,从句,名词或名词短语,代词,形容词,Step2. Appositive clauses同位语从句,Task 1: Read the following sentences and find out the rules for appositive clauses. 任务一：读下列句子，并找出同位语从句的规则。,1) The fact that he is handsome
4、 and humorous is absolutely true.2) I have no idea why Song Joong-ki attracted so many fans.3) I have been thinking about the question whether I should try to see him in person.4) In this TV play, there was a suggestion that all men should have a strong sense of responsibility.,Rule 1: 在复合句中充当_语的从句叫
5、同位语从句.它一般跟在某些抽象名词_面,用以说明该名词表示的_。因此同位语从句结构是_ +_ + _。常见的引导同位语从句的名词有belief(信念), idea(主意), fact(事实), question/problem(问题), truth(真相), suggestion(建议), thought(想法), news(消息), promise(承诺), doubt(怀疑), hope(希望), message(信息), reply(回复), order(命令), fear(害怕), conclusion(结论), possibility(可能)。,同位,后,具体内容,名词,引导词,从句
6、,Rule 2: 引导同位语从句的引导词有:从属连词 (不充当成分，无意义), （不充当成分，“是否”）；连接代词 （什么）, （谁）等， 连接副词 （什么时候）, （在哪儿）, （为什么）, （如何，怎样）等。,that,whether,what,who,when,where,why,how,Rule 3:在suggestion后面的同位语从句要用_语气，即 _+_。出现以下名词，同样要用此种语气。一坚持 insistence 二命令 order, command三建议 suggestion, advice, recommendation四要求 proposal, demand, reque
7、st, requirement,虚拟,should,动词原形,【小组活动1】语法填空(用适当的连接词填空)1) They expressed the hope _they would come over to visit China again.2) I have no idea _ they were able to get it done in so short a time.3) Have you any idea _ he is doing now?4) They asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.5) The quest
8、ion _should do the work requires consideration.,that,how,what,whether,who,Task 2: Judge what clauses they are in the following sentences.判断以下从句类型。I hated the fact that the lovers had broken up in the second episode(集). I hated the fact that he told me. The news that Song Joong-ki will come to China
9、is exciting. 4. The news that he told me is exciting.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,总结：同位语从句和定语从句的区别1)同位语从句用来进一步_ 前面名词的内容; 定语从句用来_前面的名词。 2)在同位语从句中that_成分，只起_作用， 一般_省略; 在定语从句中that代替先行词作_成分，用作_可省略。,补充解释说明,修饰限制,不充当,连接,不可,充当主/宾/表,宾语,【小组活动2】高考链接：1)语法填空： Maybe you leave a habit _is driving your family crazy.（2014
10、全国）There can be little doubt_ classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. （2011广东）2）改错：But I still remember the story, believe it or not, which we got lost on a rainy night.,that/which,that,_,that,Step3. The application of appositives 一、同位语是对前面的名词或代词
11、进行补充说明，因此可以通过同位语的解释来猜测它所修饰词的含义 【小组活动1】Try to guess the meaning the of the underlined word according to the appositive that modifies it.,1) The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patients heartbeat and breathing. ( )2) Semantics, the study of the meani
12、ng of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. ( )3) Our class learned how to use a protractor, a tool for measuring angles(角度). ( ),听诊器,语义学,量角器,4) But suddenly they became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy looking the same , an event which quickly changed their
13、 lives. ( ) 5) William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线）, good and ill together.” ( ),五胞胎,混合交织的,二、同位语运用于介绍人物、事物或地点。 既然同位语是对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明，将同位语去掉后，句子的结构不受影响，依然完整，即结构依然是主谓宾、主系表等。如：Song Joong-ki, a pop star from South Korean, is one of my favorite actors.,a pop star from,S
14、outh Korean,【小组活动4】请用同位语介绍你的同桌、同学、好友、学校、家乡或者最喜欢的菜肴、水果等。如：Zhanjiang, a famous home of seafood and tropical fruits, is my hometown.,a famous home of,seafood and tropical fruits,Step4. The application of appositive clauses to writing 同位语从句常用情景及句型：1) 引出新闻报导，消息，谣言等内容: News/ Word came that消息传来说. Rumors go
15、t around/ spread that谣言传开2）陈述观点(特别是表达正反两方的观点), 提出建议, 或用来解释观点、理由、结论等的内容. Sb. be in favor of/ be against , for the reason that 某人支持/反对, 认为./原因是.,Sb. hold the opinion/view/belief that. 持有.的观点 Sb. have/has no idea that某人不知道 Sb.can safely draw the conclusion that某人可以得出的结论 Sb have/has a dream that某人有一个梦想3
16、）用于一些功能句型表特定含义： on condition that/ on the assumption that 只要 There is no doubt that/ There is no denying that 毫无疑问,【小组活动5】翻译：利用同位语从句优化句子。1. 他建议我减肥。我不赞成他的建议，因为肥是幸福的表现。 He suggested that I should lose weight. I am against his suggestion, because being fat suggests that I am happy.合并优化：_,I am against h
17、is suggestion that I should lose weight , for the reason that being fat suggests that I am happy.,2. 我认为幸福就是猫吃鱼，狗吃肉，奥特曼打小怪兽。 I think happiness is that a cat eat its fish, a dog enjoy its meat, while Ultraman fight in the Japanese street. 优化表达：_,I held the opinion/view/belief that happiness is that a
18、 cat eat its fish, a dog enjoy its meat, while Ultraman fight in the Japanese street.,3. 消息传开说宋仲基会来中国。The news got about. Song Joong-ki would come to China.合并优化：_,The news got about that Song Joong-ki would come to China.,4. 无疑，我们应该采取措施阻止地球受污染。 Undoubtedly, we should take measures to prevent the ear
19、th from being polluted. 优化表达：,There is no doubt that proper measures should be taken to prevent the earth from being polluted.,There is no denying that proper measures should be taken to prevent the earth from being polluted.,5. 我有一个梦想，有一天所有中国孩子都能接受高等教育。 I have a dream. One day, all Chinese children
20、 are able to receive higher education. 合并优化：_,I have a dream that one day, all Chinese children are able to receive higher education.,6. 通过以上讨论，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点。 From the above discussion, we may safely conclude that advantages of the bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages. 优化表达：_,From wh
21、at have been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of the bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages.,Step5. Writing你的朋友李华写信告诉你说他最近学习上遇到困难，并感觉压力大，五一即将到来，请回信给李华邀请他来湛江散心并放松自己，内容要点包括： 1.给予安慰； 2.介绍湛江的一些景点和美食； 3.表示信心。（参考词汇：白切鸡blanched chicken）,(Attention: try to underline the use
22、ful expressions and memorize them after finishing the work!)(注意：写完后将有用的表达划出来，并背下来！),Dear Li Hua, Im sorry to hear the fact_(你在学习时有一些困难和压力) I have been thinking about the question _(我们是否应该有更多的休息时间),so maybe it is a good suggestion_ _(你来我的家乡湛江旅游放松一下自己).,some trouble and pressure when studying,whether
23、we have,more time to rest,that you should travel in my,that you have,hometown to relax yourself,Located in the southwest of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, _ (一个美丽的港口城市), is surrounded by sea. There are many places of interest you can visit, such as Huguang Lake, Haibin Park, Techeng Island,etc. I al
24、ways have a dream that_(我们在海滩自由地玩耍). Whats more, the invitation_,a beautiful port city,we are playing freely on the beach,that I will treat you to blanched,chicken, a very famous local dish,(我会请你吃白切鸡-湛江一道著名的本地菜肴 )sounds exciting. Most importantly, it is a fact_(这里的人们很热情好客). I have no idea_(我不知道你何时来湛江), so please inform me of your coming time as soon as possible. I hold a belief_(你会比以前更自信)after relaxing. Im looking forward to your early coming. Yours,that people here are enthusiastic and,when you will come to,that you will become more confident than,Zhanjiang,ever before,hospitable,
