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1、名词性从句,主语+be+表语,主语+do+宾语,名 词,名 词,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a t
2、eacher.,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句subject clause,宾语从句object clause,表语从句predicative clause,同位语从句appositive clause,连接词1.只起连接作用不作任何成分 _、_和_.其中whether 和 if 有是否之意。e.g. She asked me s
3、he could borrow these books . He told us they were good doctors.2.连接代词 作主语、宾语、表语和定语指事物_和_区别_无范围；_有范围，强调哪一个。指人_、_和_;3.连接副词 作状语指时间_地点_原因_方式_,that,if /whether,that,whether,if,what,which,what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,how,疑问词+ever与疑问词的区别是什么？疑问词+ever=anything that或anyonewho/whom,Object Clauses
4、宾语从句,宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought (that) the train was like a
5、big moving party.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词(except,but,in)宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English
6、aloud.,常见的it作形式宾语的结构有find/make/think/consider/ believe/feel +it +adj./n. +that从句/to do/doing,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Im sorry (that) I dont know .Were sure (that) our team will win .Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,That 作连接词时，除少数介词外，从句一般不能作介词的宾语
7、。that引导的从句如果作其他介词的宾语，需用it作形式宾语，而把that从句后置。e.g.You may depend on it that I will always love you.类似用法e.g. I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.I appreciate it if you help me with my homework.,demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句中谓语常用“should+
8、动词原形” should 可以省略。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.They commanded our cellphones_during the meeting.A turned off B could be turned off C be turned off D turn off注意动词doubt的否定结构和疑问句才可以接that从句。I dont doubt that he will be against the idea.I doubt whether/ if he will be against
9、 the idea.Do you doubt that I can finish it on time?,C,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .She asked me if /whether she could
10、 borrow these books .,whether与if的辨用,表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句d. 介词后的宾语从句e.后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) f .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _
11、 or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Do you know what he said just now ? I dont remember when we arrived . I asked him wh
12、ere I could get so much money . Please tell me who (whom) we have to see . Do you know what time the plane leaves ?,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?,Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?,I dont know how far it is to the cinema .,Please tell us
13、how many students there are in your school ?,Can you tell us how old his brother is ?,Please tell us how soon you will be ready .,Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?,二、时态1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,I know he lives here .I kno
14、w he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .,3
15、.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth .,宾语从句的时态一致： 主句-过去, 宾从-过去例外: 主句-过去， 宾从-一般现在 (真理性事实),My mother told me the sun _ from the east.Tom asked me why KFC _ its price again.(raise, rise),rises,raised,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster h
16、opes everything _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be),will be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)7. Could
17、 you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be),wrote,has taken,had been,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,wh-词+陈述语序 连接代词:who, what 连接副词:when, where, why, how,我是谁忘了我是谁,who am I?forget who I am,你是谁忘了你是谁,who are you?forget who you are,1. Wh
18、en will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy .,1. She said she _on me at the coming weekend.A will call B would c
19、all C is going to call D was about to call2.When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _.A he is entering which lane B which lane he is entering C is he entering which lane D which lane is he entering,B,B,3.Could you show me _?A where is the Birds Nest B wh
20、ere the Birds Nest is C where was the Birds Nest D where the Birds Nest was,could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,3. 否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. (我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。),注意反意
21、疑问句的变化规则：当主语是第一人称I时，反意疑问句要与从句保持一致。e.g. I dont think the milk power incident is an accident,_?A is it B isnt it C do I D dont I反之则与主句主语保持一致e.g. He thinks Ann is right, _ he?,doesnt,1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2.We dont know _ they did it . A. h
22、ow B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ or not we will have a sports meeting this weekend. A. if B. where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is
23、the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,C,B,D,8. Some
24、one is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China10. He says that if it _ tomor
25、row , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go,B,C,D,断句,始:空格,末:第二个谓语动词之前,that/whether/ifwhat/whowhen/where/why/how,宾语从句做题思路：,注意：陈述语序 时态一致,His grandfather was among the first to settle in _ is now a famous holiday center. A. where B. which C. wha
26、t D. that,C,The children are talking about _ should be the leader of the group. A. whoB. whom C. that D. whether The person in charge is Mr. Lee about _ we just talked. A. whoB. whom C. that D. whether,A,B,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look,
27、 remain, seem等。另外,常用的还有the reason why is that 和It is because 等结构。系动词你记住了吗？,. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用:对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不 引导 表语从句)连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because,The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats
28、because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /why,that .,名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句,在这种句型
29、中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。见优化设计p39 4),如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.3.His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of
30、 the hill.,注意,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同. 但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句.,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,
