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1、,Welcome,考考你,We finally arrived _ we had intended to go. We finally arrived _ we call Golden Triangle now.,We finally reached _ we call Golden Triangle now.We finally reached the place _ we call Golden Triangle now.,什么是句子？,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有？ ！,I am a teacher.Are you
2、a student?How beautiful the girl is !,现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、 表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、补语（complement）、同位语(appositive)。,句子包括哪些成分？,按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。,简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the mo
3、rning. Tom and Mike are American boys. They walked, talked and laughed.,简单句,简单句可以归纳成五种基本句型,掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,一： （主谓）二： （主系表）三： （主谓宾）四： （主谓间宾直宾）五： （主谓宾宾补）,并列句是由and, but, or, for等并列连词把两个或两个以上意义有关的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。,并列句,复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从
4、句等。,复合句,Rope or ox?,The man in the prison asked a new comer why he was sent there. The new comer answered, “ I am out of luck, I think. A few days ago I was walking in the street when I saw a piece of dirty rope. I thought nobody wanted it so I picked it up and took it home.” “ But it is not against
5、 the law that a man picks up a piece of rope and take home!” “ I told you I had bad luck, didnt I?” the man sighed, “The trouble is that I didnt notice that there was an ox at the other end of that rope.”,名词性从句,Noun Clauses,慈溪实验高级中学 张居伟,主语+be+表语,主语+do+（双）宾语,名 词,名 词,同位语,同位语,句子做主语-主语从句 Subject Clause
6、句子做宾语-宾语从句 Object Clause (置于及物动词或介词之后)句子做表语-表语从句 Predicative Clause (置于be动词或系动词之后) 对其前名词进行内容说明或解释的从句-同位语从句Appositive Clause,一、定义,1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4. The kings decision that the pris
7、oner would be set free surprised all the people.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句的分类,二、分类,名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 单纯连接词：连接代词：连接副词：,that (无词义，在从句中不充当成分） whether, if (有词义，在从句中不充当成分）,what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. (在从句充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等，有词义）,when, where, how, why (在从句充当状语等，有词义）,结论：连接代词和连接副词
8、在从句中充当一定的句子成分，而连接词在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。,三、引导词,【考点一】that 与 what的区别连词_在从句中不作成分，无意义，而_在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义“什么”或译成-的东西/话/事情/样子或所-的,that,what,四、考点解读,1. Weve only got this small bookcase. Will that do? (2012上海卷) No, _I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. A. who B. that C. what D. which2. It sud
9、denly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. (2012江西卷) Awhether Bwhere Cwhich DThat3. I made a promise to myself_ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. (2012浙江卷)A. whether B. what C. that D. how4. Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early
10、sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. (2012重庆卷)A. why B. how C. whether D. that5. The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. (2012江苏卷) A. when B. that C. whether D. how,C,D,C,D,B,【高考链接】,what 表什么（无选择范围）which表选择哪一个（有选择范围）,1. -Do you know_ ring does s
11、he like? -She may live at No. 3 or No. 4 of Xianxing road. Im not sure of _.,what,which,No. 3 or No. 4,which,【考点二】 what 与 which的区别,【真题再现】I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? （01北京春季）,some book or other,1. 及物动词后引导宾语从句whether和if可互换；2. 引导宾语从句位于介词后只能用whether3. 与or not 连用时常用whe
12、ther4. 引导表语、主语或同位语从句只用whether5. 和不定式连用时只用whether.,whether用法小结：,【考点三】whether 与 if 区别,1. It doesnt matter _you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park. (2012天津卷) A. whether B. how C. if D. when2. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _
13、 he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. (2012安徽卷) A. where B. whether C. that D. why3. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. (2012湖南卷) A. why B. how C. whether D. when,A,B,C,【高考链接】,【考点四】其它连接代词和副词的运用,主要根据名词性从句中的具
14、体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers. (2012四川卷) A. when B. how C. that D. whether,【高考链接】,B,【考点五】名词性从句中的时态问题当主句的动词为现在和将来时态时，名词性从句中的动作根据所发生的时间来定，可以有各种时态；当主句的动词为过去时态时，从句中的动作一般都要使用相应的过去时，除非表示客观真理。,做一做,1. He sa
15、id that he will go to the station.,2. Our physics teacher once told us that light _ （ travel ） faster than sound.,3. Tom says that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months.,has been,went,travels,would,【真题再现】1、Scientists think that the continents _ always where they_today.(05
16、北京卷) arent; areB. arent; wereC. werent; are D. werent; were 2、 Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me(05江西卷)Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone,C,D,【真题再现】1、Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. (全国2000) A. who is he B. who he is C.
17、who is it D. who it is 2、 The photographs will show you _（MET1989） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,D,B,【考点六】名词性从句中的语序问题名词性从句中都用陈述语序，特殊疑问词+陈述句。,【考点七】名词性从句中的虚拟语气 表示“坚持、命令、建议或要求”等词出现时，不管是在哪一种从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句中
18、的谓语动词形式为（should）+ 动词原形，其中should可省略。例如： （一个坚持） （二个命令） （三条建议） （四项要求） 以及他们的同根名词。,Insist,order , command,advise, suggest, propose,demand, desire, request, require,【真题再现】Is it suggested that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take,D,总结 归纳：,特别提醒insist/suggest不表虚拟语气当suggest表示表明,暗
19、示时,不用虚拟语气,从句按需要 来选择时态.如: The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.当insist表示坚持既已发生事实时, 不用虚拟语气,从句 按需要来选择时态. 如:The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.,The smile on his face suggested that he _(was/be/is)satisfied with our work.,was,【特别关注】,【典型例题】I insisted _to se
20、e a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him. A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should go to; isHer pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be, should have B. was, have C. should, had D. was, has,C,B,【考点八】
21、it 作形式主语或形式宾语,It is well known/reported/ thought/said that It is clear/certain/true that It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter whether It seems that/as if It happens that It is strange/necessary/important that sb +（should）+ 动词原形,It 做形式主语,1. This is a fact that English is being accepted
22、 as an international language .2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 3. 大学生应该掌握一门外语，这是必要的。It is necessary that _.,college students should master a foreign language.,_,It,改错,单选,翻译,(2) it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容，常用于like/dislike/love/hate /appreciate /make这些动词后，后常跟if 或
23、when从句,(1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to do,I hate it when people laugh at the disabled .,it 作形式宾语,1. Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.2. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 NMET)A. this B. that C. it D. one,it,it,【改一改】,【真题再现】1、I like_ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. （04全国I） A. this B. that C. it D. one,B,Homework,Exercise (one sheet),
