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1、Noun Clauses,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like
2、 what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句subject clause,宾语从句object clause,表语从句predicative clause,同位语从句appositive clause,一、找出以下句子的各成分（主、谓、宾、表、同位语）1. Mouse loves rice.2. Chris is a girl.3. I am Miss Chen,
3、the head teacher of Class 1.,主语,谓语,同位语,宾语,表语,主语,主语,表语,系动词,系动词,4.(1) His job is important. (2) What he does is important. 5.(1) This is his job. (2) This is what he does every day.,表语,主语,系动词,主语从句,系动词,表语,主语,系动词,表语,主语,表语从句,系动词,6. (1) I dont like his job. (2) I dont like what he does every day. 7. (1) I
4、 dont know the man, Mr. White. (2) I dont know the fact that he is a teacher.,主语,谓语,宾语,主语,谓语,宾语从句,同位语,主语,谓语,宾语,同位语从句,主语,谓语,宾语,Subject Clauses 主语从句,1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,他会成功是肯定的1) That he will succeed is certain . 是否他去那儿还不知道2) Whether he will go there is not known . 他说的话不是真的3) What he said is not true
5、 .,无论谁来都是受欢迎的4) Whoever comes is welcome.,1.主语从句,引导词:,1.从属连词:that, whether,2.疑问代词:what, which, who, whom, whose,3.疑问副词:when, where, why, how,4.复合关系代词:whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever,考点一:主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例: 1.That we shall be late is certain. Its certain that w
6、e shall be late. 2. That the earth is round is known to all.,Its known to all that the earth is round.,It 的用法： （形式主语）Its possible/important/necessary/clear/obvious that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/ reported/believed that.据说/据报道It seems/appears/happens/occurs/matters/that显然、明显、 碰巧.,Its no wonder that并不
7、奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） /a surprise/ a question/ a shame/ high time【特别提醒】连接代词what, whoever, whatever, whichever等引导的主语从句不宜用it作形式主语。What is worth doing is worth doing well. Whatever was said here has left us much to think.,1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much mon
8、ey on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. It is obvious to the students whether they should get well prepared for their future. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.,it,It,that,whether,找出下列句子中的错误,当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句_，而用it作为形式主语置于句首。it 也可作
9、形式宾语。,后置,it作形式主语和形式宾语,用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that是常识(2) It is形容词从句 (多用 should) It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是,it作形式主语和形式宾语,(3) It is 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It is 过去分词从
10、句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说,it作形式主语和形式宾语,考点二注意：从句作主语 ，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定What he needs- that book.What he needs _ some books.,_is_,are,Object Clauses 宾语从句,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,宾语从句
11、的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构：主语 + 谓语 vt. +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句 vi+prep. be+adj.,他建议他们明年去香港旅行。He suggested that they should make a trip to Hong Kong next year. 我们的成功取决于我们互相之间合作得如何。 Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another. 没人敢确定一百万年以后地球是否存在No one can be sure whether the earth will exis
12、t in a million years. 你可以做你喜欢做的任何事情You may do whatever you like to do,一，引导词:,1.从属连词:that, whether, if,2.疑问代词:what, which, who, whom, whose,3.疑问副词:when, where, why, how,4.复合关系代词:whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever,宾语从句,引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：,1. 宾语从句前有插入语。We hope, on the contrary, that he will sta
13、y at home with us.2. 在介词后。He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. 3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.4. 有间接宾语时。He told me that he was leaving for Japan.,5. that从句单独回答问题时。What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？That Kat
14、e had passed the exam. 6. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。I think it necessary that he should stay here. 7. 位于句首时。如：That our team will win, I believe.,二、时态1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时）,I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时
15、，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth .,三、语序宾语从句的
16、语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1. When will he go to the library? a. His brother asks when he will go to the library . b. His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? a. I dont know what he wants to buy . b. I dont know what does he want to buy .,3. 否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think, co
17、nsider, suppose, believe, expect, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。 (我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。) I dont think this dress fits you well.,上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 I dont think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, cant she? 但此时主句
18、主语必须是第一人称 如果不是则不能否定从句 ,如: He thought they were wrong, didnt he? 而不能说werent they?,4. It 作为形式宾语而真正的宾语从句则放在句尾, Like/love/hate/appreciate/help/look/depend on/see to/ count on/rely on + it + when/if/that clauseI hate it when people speak with their mouths full.Sb.+ think/find/make + it +adj./n.+that clau
19、seHe made it clear that he would leave office soon.,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外,常用的还有the reason why is that 和It is because 等结构。,表语从句,他缺席的原因是因为他生病住院. The reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital. 问题是他们是否能帮我们
20、克服困难 The question is whether they will be able to help us out. 那就是我们应该首先做的事 That is what we should do first. 这是因为你太认真的缘故 It is because you are too serious. 他看起来好像快要哭起来了He looked as if he was going to cry.,例如：,. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后. 作用:对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though 连接代词：who /
21、 whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /why,that .,Appositive Clauses 同位语从句,同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；be
22、lief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news ） 后面，对名词作进一步解释说明. n.+ 连接词 + 从句,汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。,The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.,他是否胜利还有一些疑问There is some doubt whether he will win同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether,注: 1. 同 位语从句多用that 引导,2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.,I have no
23、idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,I have heard the news that he visited our factory .I have heard the news that he told you the other day .,I have heard the news that he visited our factory .I have heard the news that he told you the othe
24、r day .1 同位语从句that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分 定语从句 that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充 当宾语和主语2 同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关 系，对名词进行补充说明 定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对 名词进行修饰，加以限定3 同位语从句that 不能省 定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省,Practice :判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2. The hope that she expressed is
25、that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,考点一whether与if的辨用,表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g .whether or
26、 not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if h.某些动词后面(如discuss) 只能用whether, 不用if。,练习:用if/whether填空,1._ he has won the tennis is not known.,Whether,2. The problem is _ I can get a job.,3. I am worried about _ I hurt her feeling.,4. I have a question _ he has enough money.,5. They discussed_ the sports meet will be put off.,
27、6. I wonder _ he has agreed or not.,7. Please tell me _ or not this book is worth buying.,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,whether,考点二 由 that 、what引导的区别: 2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的)3. _ is that computers can recognize human voices .(让我们感到惊讶的是电脑能分辨人的声音） what不但起连接作用，而且有具体意义，意为“所的”（the thin
28、g(s) that），在从句中作主语，表语或宾语。而that 在从句中无词义，只起连接作用。简言之，从句中如果不缺少成分时，连接词用that，否则用what。,That the earth is round,What surprises us,用that /what 填空,1. _ he needs is more practice.2. _ he got the first place in the competition surprised us.3. The truth is _ I didnt go there4. He is not _ he used to be 20 years.
29、5. _impressed me most was _such a little boy could play the violin so well.,What,That,that,what,What,that,考点三 。表示坚持、命令、建议、要求的名词从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为 should + do, should 可省略,He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.It is necessary that he (should) come to see us.It was ordered that all the sol
30、diers_to the front. A.should send B.must be sent C.should be sent D.must go,C,1. Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights .2. Mary hopes to become a friend of whomever shares her interests .,找出下列句子中的错误,并总结出规律:,考点四 : whoever = anyone who + 定语从句 whomever=anyone whom +定语从句What/whatever , w
31、hen / whenever , where / wherever 的含义基相同，只是后者比前者语气更重。在意义上也有细微差别： whatever 含义为 anything that whenever 含义为 any time when wherever 含义为 any place where,Whoever,whoever,Anyone who,anyone who,wh-与wh-ever的区别,1 . _ wants to do the experiment comes to my office. A. Whoever B. Who . Give it to _ you think can
32、 do the work well. Awho Bwhoever Cwhomever Dthose . _ she did was right. So everyone always believed her. A. What B. Whatever C. How D. That4._ will be elected the president doesnt make much difference to me.5 . This is exactly _ I want.,who,what,They want to know _ do to help us . A . what can they
33、 B . what they can C . how they can D . how can theyNo one can be sure _ in a million years . A . what man will look like B . what will man look likeC . man will look like what D . what look will man like You cant imagine _ when they received these nice presents . A . how they were excited B . how e
34、xcited they wereC . how excited were they D . they were how excited,考点五 :名词从句中须使用陈述语序！,We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon . A . leaves B . would leave C . left D . had left He asked _ for the violin . A . did I pay how much B . I paid how muchC . how much did I pay D . how much I paid 3. Our physics teacher told us light _ faster than sound Atravelled Bhas travelled Ctravels Dwill travel,考点六 :主句谓语动词是过去时态，从句也必须使用过去相应的时态。,Thank you,
