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1、,The Object Clause宾语从句,学习内容：,1. 宾语从句的概念;,2. 宾语从句的分类;,3. 宾语从句的用法;,3,学习目标:,掌握宾语从句的三要素：引导词、语序、 时态,学习内容：,1. 宾语从句的概念;,2. 宾语从句的分类;,3. 宾语从句的用法;,1. I know ( that) he is from England. We hope (that) he will come back soon.I want to know if it will rain tomorrow.4. Please tell me who can play basketball.5. We
2、 are talking about what we should do next. 6. She always thinks of how she can help others.,宾语从句的概念:,通俗地讲,宾语从句就是在一个句子中充当动词或介词宾语的句子。,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,由连接代词what, who, whom, which, whose引导的宾语从句和由连接副词where, how, when, why引导的宾语从句,宾语从句的用法：宾语从句的引导词；宾语从句的语序；宾语从句的时态；,宾语
3、从句的引导词,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,由连接代词what, who, whom, which, whose引导的宾语从句和由连接副词where, how, when, why引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略.,1.I hear (that) _. （他想买一辆新车）2.He says(that) _. （他明天回来）3. We hope (that)_. （ 他会赢得这场比赛）,he wants to buy a new car.,he wil
4、l come back tomorrow.,he will win the match.,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句注：“Whether”,“ if ”在从句中不充当任何 成分，可译成：“是否”。,1. I want to know _ （他是否跟我们一起去） 2. Ill ask him _.（明天他是否能来） 3. I dont know _. （是否要下雨）,if (whether) he will go with us.,whether (if) he can come tomorrow,Whether(if) it is going to rain.,1.当句
5、中有or not时， or not可紧跟whether后，也可置于句末；若用if引导词法，只能放在句末：* I want to know whether(if) he can come here or not.* I dont know whether or not he will win this time.2.在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if. * Were talking about whether he can finish the work in time.,whether与if的不同用法：一般情况下， if常用于口语， whether多用于书面语，二者可以互换，但
6、在下列情况下只能用whether。,I cant decide whether to join them.We dont know whether to tell him the news.,3. Whether后可接动词不定式短 语，而if不能.,由连接代词what, who，whom, which, whose 和连接副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句,1.He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题）Do you know_. 他们在做什么？）3. He asked _。 （谁的故事是最好的）4. Please tell me _. 我们什么时候开会）,who
7、could answer the question,what they are doing,whose story was the best,when well have a meeting,（作主语）,（作宾语）,作定语,时间状语,5. Can you tell me _? （他在哪儿?） 6. Could you tell me _? （我该怎么去公园?） 7. Would you tell me _?（为什么火车迟到了?）,how I can get to the park,why the train is late,where he is,地点状语,原因状语,方式状语,特点：在宾语从句
8、中既起引导词的作用，同时在从句中又充当一定的成分。,连接代词 what, who,whom, which,whose连接副词 when, where, how, why,宾语从句的语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都要运用陈述句的语序，即“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。 公式：引导词主语谓语其它,Could you tell me_ _?（我怎样到达动物园）Please tell me_. （他来自哪里）3.Do you know_? （我们什么时候可以回家）4.Please tell me_. （他的学校在哪里）,how I can get to,the zoo,where he co
9、mes from,when we can go home,where his school is,3 . 时态的变化 . 当主句是一般现在时时，宾语从句的时态不受 限制，可以根据实际需要来确定具体的时态。 a. I hear ( that ) Jim went to work yesterday. b. He says (that) we are going to visit Beijing next week. c. We all know that he was sleeping at this time yesterday. d. Lets find out who broke the
10、window just now.,当主句是一般过去时的时候，_,he would go to Xian . he was ill yesterday .He said ( that ) he was reading a book . he had supper at home .,宾语从句必须用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。,当宾语从句说明的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等时，从句不受主句限制，用一般现在时态。 a.The teacher told us( that) the earth moves around the sun. b. The teacher told
11、 us (that) the man is a worker. c. My father said (that) the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,根据实际需要选择相应的任何时态,相应的过去时态,从句不受主句的限制，仍用一般现在时,宾语从句应用过程中需注意的两个问题：,标点符号问题;用so代替一个宾语从句的情况。,标点符号 宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。 1.He asked me if / whether I could help him .
12、 2.Please tell me which color you like best . 3.Do you know where Li Ping is ? 4.Could you tell me how I can get to the shop? 5. Would you please tell me how you worked out the math problem?,在hope, believe, guess, tell,say,be afraid 等后面可以用so替代宾语从句。-The radio says itll be sunny tomorrow. -I hope so.
13、We plan to go swimming.2.-You are all hard-working. -Thank you for saying so.,宾语从句的知识结构图,宾语从句,定义,类型,用法,在句子中充当宾语的句子,that无意义，不成分,if/Whether有意义，不成分,连接代词连接副词有意义，作成分,引导词,语序（陈述 语序）,时态,主句一般，从句任何,主过去，从过去,从句叙述真理、事实、自然现象，仍一般。,解题方法：先分析从句，看是否缺少成分，然后根据句子的意思和连接词在从句中的作用作出选择.,中考链接一：考查宾语从句的引导词,( ) 1.-Theres a red ca
14、r over here. Do you know _ it is? A What B who C Whose D whom( ) 2.We want to know_ Liu Xiang will _ the meeting. A whether, attend B that, attend C whether, join D that, join( ) 3.Can you tell me_it is from here to the Summer Palace? A how long B How soon C how far D how much,C,A,C,一律为陈述句语序,解题方法：,注
15、意：当从句的原句为以下句子及what, who作主语时，语序不变：Whats wrong? Whats the matter?Whats happening? What happened?a. I dont know whats the matter with him.Can you tell me who is singing in the room?c. I dont know whats happening over there.d. Can you tell me what happened to him just now?,中考链接二：宾语从句的语序,1.-Do you know _
16、? -Sorry, I dont know. where does Jim work B. where Jim works.c. how does Jim go to work D.What does Jim do2. He doesnt understand_. A. which is the way to the museum. B. why his wife often goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum. D. why does she always go shopping.,B,B,解题方法： 1.主句用一般现在时，宾语从句可
17、以根据实际情况选用各种时态. 2.主句用一般过去时，宾语从句要用与之相对应的过去时态。（从句表示客观真理、自然现象时除外）,中考链接三：考查宾语从句的时态,（ ）1.-I think he_ in the library now. A was reading B . will read C reads D is reading ( ) 2.Tom said he _ back in a week. （2007四川） A will come B would come C come ( ) 3.I dont know if it _ tomorrow.If it_, Ill stay at hom
18、e. A Will rain,rains B rains ,will rain C will rain ,will rain D rains,rains,D,B,A,1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2.He hopes everything _ well. (go)3.Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4.I hear they _ (be) back in two days. 5.He said that they _(go) o
19、n a picnic. 6.He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)7.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) 8.I think you _ about the weather now. (talk),will be,goes,were playing,will be,would go,travels,are talking,were doing,Exercise: fill in the blanks,1. I didnt know when
20、he _ the letter. (write)2. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) around the earth. 3. Could you tell me who _ away the book just now? (take)4. Ling Feng told me he _ to Beijing with his parents. (go)5. Our teacher told us in class the sun_ in the east. (rise),wrote,moves,took,would go,rises,将下列句子
21、合并为一句:1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,
22、4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked.,Tom said that he would come back.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,He said that he was doing his homework.,7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station
23、?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,宾语从句的简化,I.当宾语从句中主句谓语动词为hope, wish, agree, decide, c
24、hoose 等，且主句和从句的主语一致时， 宾语从句可以简化为不定式结构。,1.Kate hopes that she can visit China some day. Kate hopes_ China some day.,2.At last we decided that we would go there by plane. At last we decided _by plane.,to visit,to go there,2.当主句谓语动词是see, hear, watch, feel等感官动词时,从句可以简化为：_,a.Can you hear that they are sin
25、ging over there? Can you hear them_over there? b.She felt that someone was smoking in the room. She felt someone _in the room. c. We saw that he was playing football just now. We saw him _just now.,singing,smoking,playing football,“感官动词宾语v-ing”形式。,3. 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，且主句谓语动词是ask, teach, show, tell,
26、 know, find等时，宾语从句可以简化为_,Can you tell me how I should ask the way? Can you tell me _the way? I dont know where I can buy this book. I dont know _this book. Let discuss what we should do next . Lets discuss_ next.,how to ask,where to buy,what to do,“疑问词不定式”结构。,宾语从句的否定转移,当主句的主语是第一人称，且主句谓语动词为think,beli
27、eve等，宾语从句中的否定词not要转移到主句谓语动词上来，而从句中仍用肯定形式，即通常说的“否定前置”。,我认为他不会给你打电话。我们相信他们是不会打败我们的。,I dont think he will ring you up.,We dont believe they will beat us.,Thank you !Goodbye!,书面表达,下面是在某网页上发现的一篇文章，请根据汉语提示写一篇英语短文：（尽可能用宾语从句）你相信人类在未来能够居住在火星上吗？科学家们正尽力让这个梦变为现实。科学家们还不肯定能否在火星上生长植物。科学家们还认为对首批定居者来说重力也是一个重要问题。而且一致认为到火星上的旅行是不舒服的。,
