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1、建筑英语,主讲：杜鹃,ARCHITECTURE ENGLISH,Architecture School of SIAS,UNIT FiveWORLD FAMOUS BUILDINGS,Architecture is that great living creative spirit which from generation to generation ,from age to age, proceeds, persists , creates, according to the nature of man, and his circumstances as they change. That
2、 is architecture. Frank Lloyd Wright,1937,Architecture Timeline,Ancient Egypt 古埃及建筑Classical 古典式Byzantine 拜占庭式Romanesque 罗马式Gothic 哥特式风格Renaissance 文艺复兴时期 Baroque & Rococo 巴洛克和洛可可Neoclassicism 新古典主义Art Nouveau 新艺术运动Beaux Arts 美术学院派风格Art Deco 装饰艺术风格Modernist Styles 现代主义Postmodernism 后现代主义,Frank Lloyd
3、 Wright,Unity Chapel Spring Green Wisconsin 1886 Abraham Lincoln Center Chicago Illinois 1903Frederick C. Robie House Chicago Illinois 1908Imperial Hotel Tokyo Japan 1915Taliesin East Spring Green Wisconsin 1925 Fallingwater Bear Run Pennsylvania 1935 Taliesin West Scottsdale Arizona 1937Guggenheim
4、Museum Manhattan New York 19431956V. C. Morris Gift Shop San Francisco California 1948Price Tower Bartlesville Oklahoma 1952,Frank Lloyd Wrights works,Unity Chapel,Frederick C. Robie House,Abraham Lincoln Center,Frank Lloyd Wrights works,Imperial Hotel,Taliesin East,Taliesin West,Frank Lloyd Wrights
5、 works,Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum,Frank Lloyd Wrights works,V. C. Morris Gift Shop,Price Tower,Fallingwater,流水别墅,课文翻译 Paragraph1-1,Fallingwater is a luxury vacation retreat Frank Lloyd Wright designed in 1936 for Bear Run, Pennsylvania, and Pittsburgh millionaire Edgar Kaufmann. Cantilevered over
6、a waterfall, this magnificent home has probably been photographed, written about, analyzed, and applauded more than any other Wrights building. Not only did win him enormous acclaim at the time but it is regarded as one of his finest structures ever built.,流水别墅是一个豪华度假山庄，位于宾夕法尼亚州的熊跑溪河畔，由弗兰克劳埃德赖特于1936
7、年为匹兹堡百万富翁埃德加考夫曼所设计。如悬臂一样临于瀑布之上，这个壮丽的住宅可能被拍照，被描写，被分析和得到的喝彩远远超过赖特的其他任何建筑。这不仅在那时为他赢得了极大的赞誉，而且它被认为是有史以来赖特最为优秀的结构之一。,cantilever : v. 如悬臂向外突出 retreat ： n.撤退；隐居处,Fallingwater,课文翻译 Paragraph1-2,One critic calls it “the most famous modern house in the world ”, while another says it is “ one of the complete m
8、asterpiece of the 20th century art” . The architect exploited his opportunity to the fullest , one that hundreds of thousands of people have gone out of their way to see and that almost everyone acknowledges to be virtually unsurpassed.,一位评论家称之为“世界最著名的现代住宅”，而另一个说它是“20世纪艺术完全的杰作之一”。在这个建筑中，设计师将他的机会利用到淋
9、漓尽致，（一个）令数十万人不辞长途来参观和了解，而几乎每个人都承认其是无与伦比的。,virtually : adv.实际上；几乎 unsurpassed ： adj.未被超越的；非常卓越的,课文翻译 Paragraph2-1,One of the most remarkable characteristics of Fallingwater is its absolute refusal to be confined. Fallingwater seems to take flight every way at once, making it exceptionally difficult t
10、o visualize or to describe to someone who has not seen it. (Most photographs do not complete capture it .) This, in fact , may have been one of Wrights objectives: to defy description, to destroy categories.,流水别墅最显著的特征之一是其全然拒绝被限制。流水别墅看起来像是同时向每个方向飞翔，使得对它的视觉想象或向没有见过的人描述它变得格外困难。（绝大多数照片没能完整的捕捉到它）。这，事实上，
11、可能是赖特的目标之一：蔑视具象描述，摧毁类型固化。,visualize： v.使 . 看得见 defy : v. 藐视；反抗 category： n.种类；类别,课文翻译 Paragraph2-2,“It has no limitations as to form,” he once remarked. So difficult visually to comprehendso impossible to harness, as it wereFallingwater disrupted expectations about what a house should be or do. Visi
12、tors are surprised, for example, by its comparatively few rooms, assuming it to be much larger than it is.,“它对形式没有任何限制，”他曾经谈到。如此的难以直观地理解，如此的无法驾驭，就像它这样 - 流水别墅打破了关于住宅应该是什么或者应该怎么做的预期。游客们感到惊讶，例如，因其相对较少的房间，以为其空间远远大于它实际的大小。,visually ： adv. 视觉上地 harness: n.控制；马具 assume:v.(想当然的)认为,课文翻译 Paragraph2-3,Most of
13、its floor space, surface area, and expense were devoted to a massive living and dining room and to terraces and canopy slabs shooting out in several directions, while its three bedrooms and the usual services take up a small proportions of its three levels. Fallingwater was not so much a family resi
14、dence as a weekend entertainment retreat and, like the Guggenheim Museum in New York, is partly an exercise in architectural sculpture.,它大部分的建筑面积、表面积和建造费用都用在了巨大的起居室和餐厅、露台和朝几个方向发散的雨蓬板上，而它的三间卧室和常规服务间只占据了三层中的一小部分。流水别墅与其说是作为周末娱乐隐居的一个家庭住宅，还不如说，像纽约的古根海姆博物馆一样，一定程度上更像是建筑雕塑的一种实践。,Terrace： n. 平台，阶地；阳台 Canopy
15、: n.建 顶篷,雨篷 slab ：n .平板；厚板,The floor plan,The South Elevation,课文翻译 Paragraph2-4,It should not be accused of “impracticality ” or unnecessary expense; for as Henry-Russell Hitchcock has wisely stated, architecture lives not only “through the solution of generic problems to which Wright devoted consid
16、erable attention but quite as much by the thrill and acclaim of unique masterpieces” .,它不应该被指责为“不切实际”或不必要的花费，因为亨利罗素希区柯克明智地指出，建筑不仅是 “通过一般问题的解决方案而赖特相当重视这点而延续的，更像是独特杰作带来的激动和喝彩”。,generic ： adj.类的 ；一般的 trill ：n.激动；引起激动的事物,课文翻译 Paragraph3-1,Like few other buildings before or since, Fallingwater exploited
17、site to advantage. Two unbelievably cantilevered terraces, partially sheltered one by the other and by slab roof canopies, cross twelve feet above a waterfall in Bear Run which passes in front of the structures ledge on which it rests, while the vertical thrust of a stone fireplace and chimney stake
18、s the house firmly in place, echoing the plunging stream, reaching for the sky.,像之前或之后其他一些建筑，流水别墅利用了基地的优势。两个难以置信的悬臂式露台，部分地以其一和屋顶雨篷板遮蔽另一个，在熊跑溪瀑布上方12英尺的地方交叉，溪水从结构挑台（在其所倚靠的岩石之上）的前方流过，而石头壁炉和烟囱垂直地插入，像打桩一样将房子固定到位，呼应溪流飞泻，延伸至深远的天空。,ledge： n.架状突出物 stake ： v.用桩支撑 plunging： adj.跳进的；突然往下,ledge,the vertical thru
19、st of a stone fireplace and chimney,Fallingwate,Fallingwate,课文翻译 Paragraph3-2,Its composition is an abstract reformulation of its natural site, a poetic but no a literal interpretation of the defining features of its locale. Without Fallingwater, Bear Run would have remained a beautiful forest strea
20、m, like thousands of others; but with it, the place became unique. Here was an unsurpassed example of humanity making the world a better place, of art working to improve nature. Fallingwater also supported Wrights contention that an organic building was appropriate only on its particular spot, and n
21、owhere else.,它的组成是对其天然基地一种抽象的再形成，一个充满诗意但不是拘于场地限定特征的字面解释。如果没有流水别墅，熊跑溪将仍然是一个美丽的森林溪流，像成千上万的其他溪流一样，但有了它，这个地方就成了独一无二的。这是一个因人文使这个世界更美好，由艺术创作来改善自然的卓越例子。流水别墅也支持了赖特的论点，即有机建筑只在其特定地点是合适的，而非其它地方。,spot： n.地点；场所 locale : n.现场，场所,课文翻译 Paragraph4-1,But Fallingwater achieved its truest measure of greatness in the wa
22、y it transcended site to speak to universal human concerns. In its startling departure from traditional modes of expression, it revealed an aspiration for freedom from imposed limitations; and in its successful partnership with environment, it was guidepost to humanitys proper relationship with natu
23、re. Fallingwater was also a resolution of dichotomies.,但流水别墅以超脱于场地而表达普世关切的方式实现了其最大程度上真实的伟大。其与传统的表达模式的分离令人吃惊，它显示了一个对脱离所施加的限制而得到自由的渴望，并成功地与自然环境建立了伙伴关系，它是人类与自然建立恰当关系的路标。流水别墅也是（人与自然的）截然对立的一种解决办法。,transcended ： v.超越；胜过 startling ：a.令人吃惊的 dichotomy： n. 分裂；二分法,课文翻译 Paragraph4-2,At the same time strikingly
24、substantial and dangerously ephemeral, it is securely anchored to rock and ledge, but seems to leap into space. It embodies change and changelessness simultaneously, for its imperishable stone and concrete elements from entirely new compositions as the angle of vision shifts. Solid rock and rushing
25、water reflect the permanence and impermanence of life itself.,虽同时拥有惊人的庞大体量和危险如同昙花一现的架构，它被稳固地锚定在岩石和凸状结构上，但看起来像跃入空中一样。它同时体现了变化性和不变性，因从视线转换的角度来看其不腐的石材和混凝土构件形成的全新的组合。坚固的岩石和奔腾的流水反映出生命本身的持久性和无常性。,Ephemeral ：a.短暂的 anchor : v. 停泊；用锚系住 embody： v.使具体化,Fallingwate,Fallingwate,课文翻译 Paragraph4-3,Fallingwater sin
26、ks its roots deeply into the ground to grow out of its site more like a plant than most other buildings, yet it is a masterpiece of construction technique. Composed of lots of rectangles, it is never redundant; built of innumerable pieces of varying size and material, it nevertheless achieve a unity
27、 few structures approach.,流水别墅将它的根深深的扎入地下，比大多数其他建筑物更像是一株植物从基地中生长出来，然而它是精密的施工技术所造就的杰作。由大量的矩形组成，它从来都没有冗余的;由无数不同尺寸和材质的构件建造而成，但它实现了几种结构方式的统一。,Sink : v.下沉；渗透 innumerable : adj.无数的；数不清的,The interior of Fallingwater,课文翻译 Paragraph4-4,Fallingwater is a study in oppositesmotion and stability, change and perm
28、anence, power and ephemeralnessthat make the human condition a paradox of welcome adventure and anxious uncertainty. The philosophically ambiguous house at Bear Run may have been a comment on the social contradiction of rich mans wealth in times of general depression, but it was also Wrights nature
29、poem to modern humanity.,流水别墅研究了对立统一 流动性和稳定性，变化和永恒，强势性和短暂性 使人类居住条件成为一个欢欣的冒险和焦虑的不确定性的悖论。这个在哲学上含义模棱两可的熊跑溪的房子可能成为对当时社会矛盾的一个注释，即在普遍萧条时期富人依然可以挥霍大量财富，但同时也是赖特献给现代人类的自然主义诗歌。,aradox ： n. 似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的话 comment : n.注释；评论；闲话,Vocabulary,Cantilever v. 如悬臂向外伸展Terrace n. 阳台，阶地，露台Canopy n. 天篷，雨篷Slab n. 平板，板状物Ledge
30、n. 架状突出物，壁架Locale n. 场所，地点 Retreat n. 避难所，隐居处Vertical a.垂直的Spot n. 地点；场所Organic Building 有机建筑Guggenheim Museum 古根海姆艺术馆,Acclaim n. 欢呼，称赞Unsurpassed a. 无法超越的Exceptional adv. 非凡地，尤其地Visualize v. 想象，设想Generic a. 普遍的，类属的Contention n. 论点Transcend v. 超越Guidepost n. 指示牌，路标Dichotomy n. 一分为二Ephemeral a.短暂的Imperishable a. 不易腐坏的Paradox n. 自相矛盾的事物Philosophically adv. 哲学的,
