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1、,B R _ main,English Song Dear Diary,Questionnaire,Warm-up Questions,Background Information,B R _ 1_main,English Song Dear Diary,Dear Diary,Questions and Answers,B R _ 4_main,Background Information,Richard Tomkins,Technology,Stress in the Workplace,B R _ 1_1,Dear Diary,B R _ 1_2.1,Questions and Answe
2、rs,1. How does the singer treat his diary? Why?,He treats it as a friend, to whom he can pour out his inmost feelings.,2. What does the singer think about how other people spend their time?,He thinks they spend their days in a rush, so much so that they have no time for each other or for themselves.
3、,B R _ 1_2.2,3. What can we infer about the singers attitude towards the pace of life today?,It is unwise for people to spend days in a rush.,B R _ 2,Questionnaire,Purpose:,Directions:,Scoring and Interpretation:,Number of “Yes” Answers Stress Category:,B R _ 2_Purpose,The purpose of this questionna
4、ire is to increase your awareness of stress in your life.,B R _ 2_Directions1,If you answer “yes” to any of the following stress index questions, just click the sentence.,1. I have frequent arguments.,2. I often get upset at work.,3. I often have neck and/or shoulder pains due to anxiety/stress.,4.
5、I often get upset when I stand in long lines.,5. I often get angry when I listen to the local, national, or world news or read the newspaper.,B R _ 2_Directions2,6. I do not have a sufficient amount of money for my needs.,7. I often get upset when driving.,8. At the end of a workday, I often feel st
6、ress-related fatigue.,9. I have at least one constant source of stress/anxiety in my life (e.g., conflict with boss, neighbor, mother- in-law, etc.).,10. I often have stress-related headaches.,B R _ 2_Directions3,11. I do not practice stress management techniques.,12. I rarely take time for myself.,
7、13. I have difficulty in keeping my feelings of anger and hostility under control.,14. I have difficulty in managing time wisely.,15. I often have difficulty sleeping.,B R _ 2_Directions4,16. I am generally in a hurry.,17. I usually feel that there is not enough time in the day to accomplish what I
8、need to do.,18. I often feel that I am being mistreated by friends or associates.,19. I do not regularly perform physical activity.,20. I rarely get 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night.,B R _ 2_Scoring,Answering “yes” to any of the questions means that you need to use some form of stress management tech
9、niques. Add your “yes” answers and use the following scale to evaluate the level of stress in your life.,B R _ 2_Number of ,6 - 20 High stress3 - 5 Average stress0 - 2 Low stress,B R _ 3_1,Warm-up Questions,Listen to the following short passage and discuss the questions.,“Now psychologists look at o
10、ur view of time another way. They go into several countries and measure the pace of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city dwellers walk. They time transactions in banks and post offices. They see how long people take to answer questions. Japanese keep the fastest pace. Ame
11、ricans are a close second. Italians and Indonesians are at the bottom of the list.,B R _ 3_2, Finally, we look at heart disease. Thats tricky, because other factors are involved. Our hearts greatest enemy is tobacco. But heart disease also correlates with the pace we keep. Smokers who drive themselv
12、es are really asking for it.”,1. What do you think keep people in some countries so busy?,B R _ 3_3,2. What might be the acute / major problems facing people today?,1. Tension Physical, mental, emotional2. Health problems Physical, mental and emotional diseases 3. Ecological pollution / Rupture in o
13、zone layer4. Disturbed family relations5. Violence and cruelty6. Corruption / Dishonesty / Immorality7. Drug-addiction8. Neglect of law & order and ethical, moral and social discipline9. Armaments / Nuclear weapons (Militarism),B R _ 3_4,3. Compared with peoples life in ancient times, what have new
14、technology, the information explosion and rising economy really brought to us?,B R _ 4_1,Richard Tomkins,Richard Tomkins, consumer industries editor of the Financial Times, where he has been a member of the editorial staff since 1983.,Financial Times includes business and financial news and analysis
15、. To know it better, log on the following website: http:/,B R _ 4_2,Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced, industrial civilization but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. Innovations
16、now seem to appear at,Technology,a rate that increases geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These innovations tend to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and
17、 a destructive process.,B R _ 4_3.1,The problem of stress is not likely to go away. As the pace of change continues to increase, the demands upon us will also increase. We will have to make more decisions and make decisions faster; have,Stress in the Workplace,to learn new skills, adapt to new situa
18、tions, and cope with new threats. As a result we will find ourselves becoming more tired, making more mistakes, becoming more hostile, more anxious, more depressed, suffering more ill-health, and having more accidents.,B R _ 4_3.2,If we are to survive in an ever-accelerating world, it is imperative
19、that we learn to cope with the increasing pressures of change. If we do not, breakdowns and burnouts will become the norm.,G R _ main,Part Division of the Text,Further Understanding,G R _ Further Understanding_ main,For Part 1 Scanning,Blank Filling,For Part 2 True or False,Further Understanding,For
20、 Part 3 Table Completion,For Part 4 Questions and Answers,G R _ Part Division of the Text 1,Part Division of the Text,Parts,Para(s),Main Ideas,1,111,2,1218,The author gives three reasons why we feel so time-pressed today.,Not every one is time-stressed, and in the case of Americans they have actuall
21、y gained more free time in the past decade.,G R _ Part Division of the Text 2,Parts,Para(s),Main Ideas,3,1923,4,2428,The perception of time-famine has triggered a variety of reactions.,The author pins down the crux (症结) of the problem and puts forward a remedy for the stress we feel.,G R _ 2_Scannin
22、g1,Scanning,Scan part one and find out three reasons why we feel so time-pressed today. And make a note of the transitional devices used there.,Technology,1.2.3.,_,Information explosion,_,Rising prosperity,_,G R _ 2_Scanning2,Transitional devices:,apart, a second reason(Para. 7),_,There is another r
23、eason(Para. 11),_,1.2.,G R _ 2_Blank Filling1,Blank Filling,Facts are valuable as evidence that enhances the persuasive force of an argumentative paper. In stating the first reason, the author lists a number of facts to try to convince the readers of the unfavorable effects technology has had on our
24、 lives. Now could you find some more supporting facts apart from the one given below, and put them down?,G R _ 2_Blank Filling2,The motorcar brings more traffic problems than it promises to solve.,1.,The aircraft creates a high demand for time-consuming journeys that we never dreamed of.,_,2.,The wa
25、shing machine, contrary to our expectations, multiplies the hours spent on washing and ironing.,_,3.,4.,Instead of making our lives easier, technology goes so far as to cram extra work into our leisure time.,_,G R _ 2_Blank Filling3,Technology produces the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails a
26、nd voicemails.,_,5.,Technology eats further into our time by forcing us to handle software glitches on computers and filling our heads with useless information from the Internet.,_,6.,G R _ 2_True or False1,True or False,Scan Text A and decide whether the following statements are true or false.,It i
27、s convenient to say we are all lacking in time.,2. About 50 percent of people will tell you they never have enough time to get things done.,F,It is too general to say we are all lacking in time.,( ),F,About 50 percent of unemployed or retired people will tell you they never have enough time to get t
28、hings done.,( ),4. The gains of free time were unevenly distributed only because different groups of people gained different amount of free time.,3. In the U.K., working hours have risen only slightly in the last 10 years.,G R _2_True or False2,F,There is also a gender issue here.,( ),T,( ),G R _ 2_
29、Table Completion1,Table Completion,Fill in the chart with a variety of reactions provoked by the perception of the time famine and the trouble with all these reactions. Pay attention to the transitional devices, too.,An attempt to gain the largest possible amount of satisfaction from the smallest po
30、ssible investment of time,Trying to buy time,Reaction 1,Reaction 2,The growth of the work-life debate,Reaction 3,G R _ 2_Table Completion2,Liberating time is useless if the hours gained are immediately diverted to other purposes.,1. One is (Para. 19)2. also(Para. 21)3. A third reaction(Para. 22),Tro
31、uble,Transitional Devices,G R _2_Q$A1,Questions and Answers,1. What is the crux of the problem the author points out?,The author points out the time stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the too many things we try to do.,2. What is remedy for the stress according to the authors
32、 opinion?,A possible remedy is that we should understand the problem and realize that it is not more time we need, it is fewer desires.,D R _ Text 1,Old Father Time Becomes a Terror,Once upon a time, technology, we thought, would make our lives easier. Machines were expected to do our work for us, l
33、eaving us with ever-increasing quantities of time to waste away on idleness and pleasure. But instead of liberating us, technology has enslaved us. Innovations are occurring at a bewildering rate: as many now arrive in a year as once arrived in a millennium. And as each invention arrives, it eats fu
34、rther into our time.,Richard Tomkins,D R _ Text 2,The motorcar, for example, promised unimaginable levels of personal mobility. But now, traffic in cities moves more slowly than it did in the days of the horse-drawn carriage, and we waste our lives stuck in traffic jams.,The aircraft promised new ho
35、rizons, too. The trouble is, it delivered them. Its very existence created a demand for time-consuming journeys that we would never previously have dreamed of undertaking the transatlantic shopping expedition, for example, or the trip to a convention on the other side of the world.,D R _ Text 3,In m
36、ost cases, technology has not saved time, but enabled us to do more things. In the home, washing machines promised to free women from having to toil over the laundry. In reality, they encouraged us to change our clothes daily instead of weekly, creating seven times as much washing and ironing. Simil
37、arly, the weekly bath has been replaced by the daily shower, multiplying the hours spent on personal grooming.,D R _ Text 4,Meanwhile, technology has not only allowed work to spread into our leisure time the laptop-on-the-beach syndrome but added the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voi
38、cemails. It has also provided us with the opportunity to spend hours fixing software glitches on our personal computers or filling our heads with useless information from the Internet. Technology apart, the Internet points the way to a second reason why we feel so time-pressed: the information explo
39、sion.,D R _ Text 5,A couple of centuries ago, nearly all the worlds accumulated learning could be contained in the heads of a few philosophers. Today, those heads could,not hope to accommodate more than a tiny fraction of the information generated in a single day. News, facts and opinions pour in fr
40、om every corner of the world. The television set offers 150 channels. There are millions of Internet sites. Magazines, books and CD-ROMs proliferate.,D R _ Text 6,“In the whole world of scholarship, there were only a handful of scientific journals in the 18th century, and the publication of a book w
41、as an event,” says Edward Wilson, honorary curator in entomology at Harvard Universitys museum of comparative zoology. “Now, I find myself subscribing to 60 or 70 journals or magazines just to keep me up with what amounts to a minute proportion of the expanding frontiers of scholarship.”,D R _ Text
42、7,There is another reason for our increased time stress levels, too: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and services are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: we buy more, travel more and play more, but we struggle to keep up. So w
43、e suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance the confusion of endless choice. Of course, not everyone is overstressed. “Its a convenient shorthand to say were all time-starved, but we have to remember that it only applies to, say, half the population,” says Michael Willmott, direc
44、tor of the Future Foundation, a London research company.,D R _ Text 8,“Youve got people retiring early, youve got the unemployed, youve got other people maybe only peripherally involved in the economy who dont have this situation at all. If youre unemployed, your problem is that youve got too much t
45、ime, not too little.” Paul Edwards, chairman of the London-based Henley Centre forecasting group, points out that the feeling of pressures can also be exaggerated, or self- imposed,imposed. “Everyone talks about it so much that about 50 percent of unemployed or retired people will tell you they neve
46、r have enough time to get things done,” he says.,D R _ Text 9,“Its almost got to the point where theres stress envy. If youre not stressed, youre not succeeding. Everyone wants to have a little bit of this stress to show theyre an important person.” There is another aspect to all of this too. Hour-b
47、y-hour logs kept by thousands of volunteers over the decades have shown that, in the U.K., working hours have risen only slightly in the last 10 years, and in the U.S., they have actually fallen even for those in professional and executive jobs, where the perceptions of stress are highest.,D R _ Tex
48、t 10,In the U.S., John Robinson, professor of sociology at the University of Maryland, and Geoffrey Godbey, professor of leisure studies at Penn State University found that, since the mid-1960s, the average American had gained five hours a week in free time that is, time left after working, sleeping
49、, commuting, caring for children and doing the chores. The gains, however, were unevenly distributed. The people who benefited the most were singles and empty-nesters. Those who gained the least less than an hour-were working couples with pre-school children, perhaps reflecting the trend for parents
50、 to spend more time nurturing their offspring.,D R _ Text 11,There is, of course, a gender issue here, too. Advances in household appliances may have encouraged women to take paying jobs: but as we have already noted, technology did not end household chores. As a result, we see appalling inequalitie
