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1、主语从句,Subject Clause,主语从句：做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有从属连词that ，whether， 连接代词who ，what ，which， 连接副词when，where， how， why等。,从属连词：that， whether 等that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,That he will win is certain.他肯定会赢。Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。,注意: 由that 引导的主语从句有时为了
2、使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如:,1). That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible._ _2).That they should like each other is natural. _,*it为形式主语,It is natural that they should like each other.,It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is
3、+ n. +从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识*_(很遗憾)we lost the match.*_(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity that,It is a fact that,2) It is + adj. +从句 Its certain that 肯定 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that.
4、不可能 It is obvious that 很明显 It is necessary important natural. that*_(很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明显)this measure is effective.,+(should) +do,It is possible that,It is obvious that,3) It +不及物动词+从句 It happened that. 碰巧,刚好 It occurred to me that 我突然想起*_(刚好) I came into the office at that time.*
5、_(我突然想起)I forget to send the letter.,It happened that,It occurred to me that,4) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that. 据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道 It is believed that.据信;人们相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建议It must be admitted that必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认 It m
6、ust be pointed out that需指出的是 *_(据报道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.,It is reported that,It is suggested that,2.连接代词who，what，which, whatever, whichever, whoever (who, whom, which, what可以和ever构成合成词, 和what一样引导从句, ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it
7、引导, 它们在句子中担任成分, 不能省略, 语序为陈述语序),What many scientists believe is that the earth is round. Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Which student will win is uncertain.Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。Whoever makes mistakes mus
8、t correct them. 凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。,3 连接副词when，where， how， why等,Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.When they will leave is not decided.Where she is from is unknown.How we will paint the house has not been decided.,注意:,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。,
9、误：They should like each other is natural.正：That they should like each other is natural.正：It is natural (that) they should like each other.,2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.或把if 改为whether,误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.正
10、: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that.,_ is needed for success is your hard work.,we will go tomorrow hasnt been decided yet.,they will arrive has been told to the teacher.,_ can join in the sport meet is de
11、cided by the teacher.,_ it will rain or not is not clear.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,Whether,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,主语从句的规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结规律,例1.When will he come is not known.,规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序， 即主语在前，谓语在后。,正：When he will come is not known.,主语从句的规律：,例2. He will not come to the meeting
12、this evening is true.,正：That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,规律二、连词that 在从句中无实际意义， 但不能省略。,主语从句的规律：,例3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.,正： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.,规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句， 放在句首，但if不能,主语从句的规律：,例4. That wh
13、ether he will help others is a fact.,正：That he will help others is a fact.,规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。,主语从句的规律：,例5. When he will come are a puzzle.,正：When he will come is a puzzle.,规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用 单数第三人称形式。,主语从句的规律：,1. What he needs is that book.2. What he needs are some books.,规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据 表语决定主
14、句动词的单复数形式。,规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现 象，用 it 做形式主语，而 把从句放在后面。,That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.,It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.,注意：,1. Whether可以引导主语从句，if不可；2. That引导主语从句时不做句子成分，但不能省略；3. What 引导主语从句时做从句的主语或宾语；4. 主语从句的语序为陈述句语序；5.主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的形式由主语所代表的内容决定。,Exercises,
15、找出错误，并给出理由：1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided. 2.You have made a mistake is a fact. 3. If the policeman will come is not certain.4. That is certain that we can win.,we shall,Whether,It,That you have,5. Where he comes from are a mystery.6. What whether he likes the job is not clear.7. Wh
16、o he is and where he is from is important. 8.What he saw is the stars in the sky.,is,x,are,are,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where,Choose the best choice,3. It worried
17、 her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.whether B. that C. what D. when4.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing
18、is not known yet.4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,That,What,Whether,Whether,Whoever,请用恰当的主语从句连词填空: What ,it ,that , whether, whoever,Correct or not?,*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.,. be held hasnt been
19、known yet.,Pay attention:主语从句的谓语用单数形式,1.The question is _ the film is interesting.2._ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.,用whetherif填空,whether,Whether,* If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,Correct or not?,Whether we will. decided yet.,Pay attention: 放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用
20、whether, 不能用if,Correct or not?,Pay attention:此主语从句缺少成分-宾语，故用作成分的what来引导，而不用that。,What she wants to know is.,*That she wants to know is when the party will be held .,Correct or not?,Pay attention:由that引导的主语从句放在句首，that 不能省略。,That he will give up,*He will give up his job surprises all of us.,Translate the sentence,*_（她是否出席会议）is not certain.,Whether she will attend the meeting,Thanks for Your Attention!,
