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1、Grammar,主语从句,Grammar,Which part serves as subject in each sentence?,1. You are a student.,2. Smoking is bad for you.,3. To find your way can be a problem.,4. “How do you do?” is a greeting.,5 .What she said is not yet known.,6. That we shall be late is certain.,7. It is certain that we shall be late
2、.,A sentence serving as subject is called Subject Clause.,主语从句： 做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句.How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. 从属连词: that, whether； 连接代词: who (whoever), whom, whose, what (whatever) which (whichever)； 连接副词: when, where,
3、 how ,why。,1.从属连词：that， whether等.that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,That he will win is certain.他肯定会赢。Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。,注意: 由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”而把从句放在后面。 例如:,1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible.2.That they should like eac
4、h other is natural.,*it为形式主语,It is natural that they should like each other.,It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识*_(很遗憾)we lost the
5、match.*_(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity that,It is a fact that,2) It is + adj. +从句 Its certain that 肯定 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能 It is obvious that 很明显 It is necessary important natural. that*_(很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明显)this measure is effective.,+(sho
6、uld) +do,It is possible that,It is obvious that,3) It +不及物动词+从句 It happened that. 碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起*_(刚好)I came into the office at that time.*_(我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.,It happened that,It occurred to me that,4) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that. 据说 It is known to all that. 众所周
7、知 It is reported that. 据报道 It is believed that.据信;人们相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建议It must be admitted that必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是 *_(据报道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.,It is reporte
8、d that,It is suggested that,主语从句可以放在前面也可以放在后面。,用it作形式主语,把主语从句放在句末。,小结：,注意事项,1.主语从句位于句首时必须由连接词引导。2. 主语从句位于句末时引导词that可省略。3. 主语从句位于句首时,不能用if引导。4.主语从句位于句末时, 可以用if引导。,注意:,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。,误：They should like each other is natural.正：That they should like
9、each other is natural.正：It is natural (that) they should like each other.,2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导，或把if 改为whether,误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.正: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.,2.连接代词what, w
10、ho, which, whatever, whichever, whoever,What many scientists believe is that the earth is round Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided. Which student will win is uncertain.,连接代词whatever, whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它
11、们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序),Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. 凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。,Whatever and whoever,Whatever anything thatWhoever anyone who不管是谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。Whoever breaks the law should be punished。Anyon
12、e who breaks the law should be punished.,3. 连接副词when，where， how， why等。,Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.When they will leave is not decided.Where she is from is unknown.How we will paint the house has not been decided.,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who
13、, why, how or that.,1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.,3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.,2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.,4.(_ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Wh
14、o,Whether,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,主语从句的规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结规律,例1.When will he come is not known.,规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序， 即主语在前，谓语在后。,正：When he will come is not known.,主语从句的规律：,例2. He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,正：That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,规律二、连
15、词that 在从句中无实际意义， 但不能省略。,主语从句的规律：,例3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.,正： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.,规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句， 放在句首，但if不能,主语从句的规律：,例4. That whether he will help others is a fact.,正：That he will help others is a fact.,规律四、主语从句中的连词不
16、能重叠使用。,主语从句的规律：,例5. When he will come are a puzzle.,正：When he will come is a puzzle.,规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用 单数第三人称形式。,主语从句的规律：,1. What he needs is that book.2. What he needs are some books.,规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据 表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。,规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用 it 做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。,That the earth turns around the sun i
17、s known to all.,It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.,主语从句三要素,he became a great scientist is known to us all.,Is what you told me really true?,谓语动词多用单数,从句用陈述语序,不能省略关联词,How,1.在主语从句中，谓语一般用单数。,1、无论他说什么都不重要。,Whatever he says is of no importance.,2、无论谁说这话都不对。,Whoever says this is wrong,
18、但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定。 What I need is money. What I need are books.,找出错误，并给出理由：1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided. 2.You have made a mistake is a fact. 3. If the policeman will come is not certain.4. That is certain that we can win.,we shall,Whether,It,That you have,5. It is or
19、dered we should leave at once.6. Where he comes from are a mystery.7. What whether he likes the job is not clear.8. Who he is and where he is from is important. 9.What he saw is the stars in the sky.,that,is,x,are,are,the cat do,made,What the cat did made the baby cry.,What,cry,Make a sentence,30,ta
20、lk about,the use of cell phone,What they are talking about is the use of cell phone.,Make a sentence,30,report , get the highest points, match It is reported that Yao Ming got the highest points in the match.,Make a sentence,30,It makes the teacher angry that the child doesnt know the answer.,teache
21、r angry,Dont know the answer,Make a sentence,30,Exercises :,1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.,A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever,D,2.It was he said disappointed me.,A.what ;that B.that; that C.what;what D.that;what,A,3. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.,A.If B
22、.Whether C.That D.Where,B,4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.,A.What B. That C.The fact D.The matter,A,5. was to return to school.,A.That really interested him B.What really interested him,C.Which really interested him D.That interest him really,B,6. makes mistakes must correct th
23、em.,A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever,C,7. your men have been on my land without permission.,A.It seems that B.There seems to be,C.That seems D.It seems for,A,8.It has always puzzled me the old man lied a red,silk ribbon on the young tree.,A.that B.why C.where D.what,B,11._ he made an important spe
24、ech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How,12. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where,13._ is known to us all that America is a developed country . A Which B As C What D It,14. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that wate
25、r is C. is water D. that water to 15. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when16.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,17 . _makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A What B Who C Whatever D Wh
26、oever,18. These wild flowers are so special that I would do_ I can to save them. A whatever B that C which D whichever,19. _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because,20. _ he referre
27、d to in his article was unknown to the general reader. A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where,21. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A. That B. Which C. What D. As,22_ they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars. A. That B. What C. What D. That 23_
28、 well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where24. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever25. _ surprised me most was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That B. What C. That D. When,C,B,C,B,26. _ we g
29、o swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. Ifdo B. Thatdo C. Ifdoes D. Thatdoes 27. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that28. Its uncertain(不确定） _ the exhibition will be hold in Shanghai.A. if B. that C. whether D. how29. _ the boy didnt take medic
30、ine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which,D,C,A,D,30 _ we cant have seems better than that we have.A. What B. Who C. That D. whose31. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether32. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If . B. Whether
31、C. That D. Where33. _is going to do the job will be decided by the CEO.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who,C,B,D,A,34. _ well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That35. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody36. _ team will win the ma
32、tch is none of my business.A. Which B. That C. If D. How,A,A,C,37. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.whether B. that C. what D. when38.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting as
33、tonished everybody present3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,That,What,Whether,Whether,Whoever,请用恰当的主语从句连词填空: What ,it ,that , whether, whoever,Correct or no
34、t?,*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.,. be held hasnt been known yet.,Pay attention:主语从句的谓语用单数形式,10,* If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,Correct or not?,Whether we will. decided yet.,Pay attention:放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether, 不能用if,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:此主语从句缺少成分-宾语，故用作成分的what来引导，而不用that。,What she wants to know is.,*That she wants to know is when the party will be held .,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:由that引导的主语从句放在句首，that 不能省略。,That he will give up,*He will give up his job surprises all of us.,10,
