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1、被动语态的翻译方法,一般被动语态有四种情况：,第一，无从说出、无需提及主动者When will the new bridge be built?什么时候建新桥？第二，出于某种考虑，无意说出主动者Generally it is considered not polite to do so.一般认为，这样做是不礼貌的。,第三，强调动作的承受者The room was cleaned by a little girl.房间是一个小女孩打扫的。 第四，为了上下文的衔接和句子连贯Students asked a lot of questions. Most of them have been settl
2、ed satisfactorily.学生们问了好多问题。大部分问题已经被圆满解决了。,很多时候译成主动句式更好,例如：Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion.已经注意到采取防腐新措施。,一、译成中文的主动句,（1）保留原文主语翻译某些被动句时，如无需指出动作的发出者，动词的动作不带有受动色彩，通常可以按照原文语序顺译，原文的主语仍旧充当译文的主语。例：visitors are requested not to touch the exhibition.观众请勿触摸展品。Water can be chang
3、ed from a liquid into a solid.水能从液体变成固体。,（2）将原文主语译成宾语。如果原文中没有施动者，必要时，可在译文中添加不确定的主语。如：“大家”、“人们”、“有人”等。,If you are asked personal questions, you need not answer them.如果有人问你的私事，你可以不必回答。Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals.大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。,English is considered very important
4、 for Chinese students.人们认为英语对中国学生来说是很重要的。I am afraid I shall be laughed at.我怕大家笑话我。,（3）把原文句中的一部分转译成主语,英语中一些被动句译成中文时，需要将句子中某个适当的成分转译成主语。既要做到不违背英文原文，又符合中文规范。表示方位的地点状语转译成主语的情况较多例：The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.中国在四千年前发明了指南针。The answer are provided in the next chapter.下一章提供答案。
5、,有时原句中的宾语也可转译成主语,My daughter was given a present by Mr. Green.我女儿的一份礼物是格林先生给的。I was told the story by my mother when I was young.这个故事是小时候妈妈讲给我的。,（4）把施动者译成主语,We are kept strong and well by fresh air.清新的空气使我们身体健康。Those towering peaks are only to be scaled by the most daring.只有最勇敢的人才能攀登那些高耸的山峰。The magn
6、ificent hotel had been completely destroyed by the big fire.大火把这座富丽堂皇的宾馆完全烧毁了。,（5）译成无主句,英文原句中没有提到施动者时，有时可将被动句译成无主句。The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.必须立即中止这种讨厌的噪声。Very often, introductions are made using both first and last name.介绍的时候往往是连名带姓。The use of the satellite makes it pos
7、sible to observe the universe much better.利用卫星，能够更好地观察宇宙。,（6）译成带表语的主动句,The element of helium was first found in the sun.氦元素最初是在太阳里发现的。The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。,But the march could not be stopped with bullets now.但这时候游行已经不是枪弹所
8、能阻止得了的。The first explosive in the world was made and used in China.世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。,以it做形式主语的被动语态巨型的习惯译法。,以it做形式主语，被动语态的动词做谓语，再接that引导的主语从句的结构是英语中常见的一种句型。在译成中文时，常要变成主动句。有时不加主语，有时则要加一些泛指的不确定的主语，如“大家”、“人们”、“有人”等。,不加主语：It is said that 据说It is supposed that 据推测It has been calculated that 据计算It was es
9、timated that 据估计It must be stressed that 必须强调It will be seen from this that 应当指出It can be clearly seen that 可以清楚地看到It was so decided that 就此决定It has been proved that 业已证明,可加主语,It is admitted that 大家承认It is asserted that 有人主张It is believed that 有人认为It is found out that 人们发现It is known that 众所周知It is
10、noted that 人们注意到It is thought that 有人认为It is taken that 人们认为It is generally considered that 大家普遍认为It is understood that 人们明白,二、译成中文的被动句,有些英语被动结构不宜转译成汉语主动句式的，就可带着这些被动标记，译成被动句式。例如：He had been fired for refusing to obey orders.他因拒绝接受并令而被解雇了。He was set upon by two masked men.他遭到两个蒙面人的袭击。Our foreign poli
11、cy is supported by the people all over the world.我们的外交政策受到全世界人民的支持。,The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.那部科幻小说是由我得一个朋友译成中文的The old man was knocked down by a speeding truck.那个老人让一辆超速的卡车撞倒了。Those books have been affected with damp.那些书受潮了。,在现代汉语中有些主动表达句式同样具有被动意义,问题应
12、及时加以解决。 Problems should be resolved in good time这事必须马上办。This must be done immediately.这个提案不错，但还可以进一步改进。 This proposal is better, but can still be improved.一点水声也没听见。 Not a sound of water was heard.,Exercises:,1、Do you know why the boy was scolded?2、I know the child would be well looked after in the k
13、indergarten.3、English is spoken in Britain, the U.S. and some other countries.4、Several study techniques are mentioned in this book. 5、If one or more electrons are removed, the atom is said to be positively charged.6、A force is needed to stop a moving body.,7、Brief reference should be made here to t
14、he law of universal gravitation.8、Care is to be taken to do away with the bad habit.9、When the anthem had been played, the group callisthenics began.10、Metals may be cast into various shapes.11、It may be asked why plants can run a fever.12、It is rumoured that she is going to divorce her second husba
15、nd.,Keys:,1、你知道这个男孩子为什么挨了骂吗？2、我早知道这孩子在幼儿园会得到很好的照顾3、英国、美国和其他的一些国家讲英语。4、这本书里提到了好几种学习方法。5、如果原子失去了一个或更多的电子，我们就说这个原子带正电荷。6、要使运动着的物体停下来，就需要用力。,7、这里应该简单地提一提万有引力规律。8、要注意改掉这个坏习惯。9、国歌演奏完，团体操就开始了。10、金属可以铸成各种形状。11、有人或许会问，为什么植物也能发烧12、据说，她打算和第二个丈夫离婚。,晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是由好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。,
