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1、英汉语言对比,形合与意合,跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。1. Even if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him. 打死我也不说。2. Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell. 谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。3. Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？4. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 人不
2、犯我，我不犯人。5. We will not attack unless we are attacked.,跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。1. Even if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him. 打死我也不说。2. Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell. 谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。3. Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？4. If w
3、inter comes, can spring be far behind? 人不犯我，我不犯人。5. We will not attack unless we are attacked.,形合（hypotaxis）,英语句法结构重形合，句中各成分的相互结合常用适当的连接词语，以表示其结构关系。I.连词 Conjunction1 who, whose, that, which, what, when, where, why, how etc.2 and, or, but, yet, so, however, as well as, neither-nor, when, if, as long
4、as, as if, while, as, since, until, unless, lest etc.,课内练习1,1.过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。 After some time, news came from distant place. Earthquake did happen that day when the little copper ball fell. All this was cleared up.改译： All was cleared up some time later when news came fr
5、om a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell.,2.为什么如此众多的美国人不如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。Why so many Americans are not happy as we expect? I think there are two reasons and both of them have deep distinction 改译：When I try to understand what it is that prev
6、ents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.,连接词-介词,1.彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.2.农民缺乏训练，许多农场生产率很低，这就使得大多数农民处于贫穷的困境。Inad
7、equate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries.,连接词-介词,简单介词：with,to,in,of,about,between,through合成介词：inside,onto,upon,within,without,throughout成语介词: according to;along with, apart from, bec
8、ause of, in front of, on behalf of, with regard to翻译中常用with, to, from, at, in, of, by, for, on,其他连结词,1.这家旅馆，尽管遭到破坏，窗户大多顶上了木板，并挂着粗麻布，到处是厚厚的尘土，房间空荡荡，墙上的灰泥也破裂了，屋顶也毁坏了，可总是一个宽阔而庄严的新天地，值得去探险。Even in its blasted condition, with boards and sackings in most of the windows, with its thick dust and its bare ro
9、om, with its cracked plaster and its damaged roofs, the hotel had been a new world, a breadth and dignity, full of adventure possibilities.,3.Other cohesive ties 主要指形态变化形式,词缀变化;动词、名词、代词、形容词和副词的形态变化及其保持前后一致的关系；广泛使用代词以保持前后呼应的关系；使用“it”和“there”作替补词起连接作用等。 英语常综合运用上述手段。,形合（hypotaxis）,1.连词 Conjunction2.介词
10、Preposition3.其他连结词Other cohesive ties,汉语,她不老实，我不能信任她。Because she is not honest, I cant trust her.人不犯我，我不犯人。We will not attack unless we are attacked.说是说了，没有结果。Ive made proposals, but they proved futile.打肿脸充胖子，吃亏是自己。If you get beyond your depth, you will suffer.,因果,让步,转折,假设,意合（parataxis）,汉语句法结构重意合，句中
11、各成分的相互结合多依靠语义的贯通，语境的映衬，少用连接词语。1.语序汉语的许多主从复句，虽然不用关联词，形式类似并列复句，但分句含义却有主有次。,2. 反复、排比、对偶、对照,他不来，我不去。If he wont come here, Ill not go there.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。As you sow, so will you reap.吃苦在前，享乐在后。Be the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.不怕慢，只怕站。Its better to move ahead slowly than just to m
12、ark time.,3.紧缩句,“紧”就是紧凑，是取消各分句之间的语音停顿，让它们紧紧地挨在一起。“缩”就是压缩，略去原来分句的一些词语，让它们简约一些。不到黄河心不死。Until all is over, ambition never dies.狼披羊皮还是狼。However sly a fox may be, it is no match for a good hunter.,4.四字格,玩火自焚Whoever plays with fire will perish by fire.物极必反Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the o
13、pposite direction is inevitable.,意合(Paratactic),表现：1.语序2.反复、排比、对偶、对照3.紧缩句4.四字格,形合意合 作业,1. As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. 天气很好，我们决定去爬山。2. My sister was expecting me, so I had to go now. 我妹妹在等我，我得走了。3. A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. 没有外力的作用，运动的物体就连续做匀速直线运动。4. We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. 我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。,形合意合 作业,5. 有饭大家吃（ = 如果有饭的话，那就让大家吃吧）Let everybody share the food if there is any.6. 狐狸再狡猾也斗不过好猎手。A wolf remains a wolf even though it is in sheeps clothing.,
