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1、英汉翻译之,语言风格的传译,语言除传递某种意义外，还具有一定的风格特征，或简或繁，或雅或俗，或庄或谐，或平铺直叙，或委婉曲折。因风格不同，给读者带来的感受就不同。 翻译追求译文读者与原文读者有相同或相似的感受，所以译者应以庄译庄，以谐译谐，应在译文中再现原文的语言风格。,译者在翻译前需对英文原文的语言风格进行解码。一般说来，译者可以从词汇、句法和修辞手法三个层面来分析英文原文语言使用上的特征。,一，词汇标记： 英语词汇有两个主要来源：一是英语本族词汇，即古英语盎格鲁撒克逊词,如house, red, fire, green, make, talk等；一是外来词，如residence, conf
2、lagration, scarlet, verdant, manufacture。英语外来词主要来自法语，即11世纪日耳曼人征服英国时所操的法语词汇；其次是拉丁词和希腊词，即文艺复兴时期英国学者作家为了表达新的思想而借用的拉丁词和希腊词。盎格鲁撒克逊词最为短小朴实，构成日常非正式交谈和一般写作的主要成分。法语词文雅华丽，大都用于较为正式的语体语言；拉丁词和希腊词抽象冷僻，主要用于学术、政论等极为正式的场合。,“I wanted to go off to another town, but then everyone got busy matchmaking and they were afte
3、r me so they nearly tore my coat tail off. They talked at me and talked until I got water on the ear. She was no chaste maiden, but they told me she was a virgin pure.” 原文出自美国犹太作家辛格的短篇小说傻瓜吉姆佩尔。小说的主人公吉姆佩尔是个近乎文盲的孤儿，上述引文即出自吉姆佩尔之口。,鄙人意欲远走他乡。然而，此时人人皆忙于为在下做媒，在下所到之处，红娘紧随其后，形影不离，几乎将在下之燕尾扯下。他们滔滔不绝，口若悬河，致使在下双
4、耳嗡鸣。此女即非大家闺秀，亦非小家碧玉，本无贞操可言。然而，他们却称此女乃圣洁之贞女也。,My old friend Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down to the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to li
5、ve there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer it rained continuously and it was often bitterly cold.,哈里逊是我的旧友，侨居地中海多年，近返英国。他早已梦想在英国本土退休，迁往乡间定居。归国伊始，便买下一栋清雅的别墅。可是刚一住下，就抱怨起英国的天气来；原来虽说当时炎暑未尽，但阴雨连绵，寒冷彻骨。,“he has been in his room all day,” the la
6、ndlady said downstairs. “I guess he dont feel well. I said to him Mr Anderson, you ought to go out and take a walk on nice fall like this, but he didnt feel like it.” “他整日在房间里，”房东太太在楼下说。“我估计他感到不适。我对他说：安德森先生，你理应出去散步，这样的大好秋光是很宜于散步的，可他就是不想出去。”,Some public officials make nice to politicians they cannot
7、stand because they need their good will. 有些当官的对那些他们吃不消的政客不得不哄着、拍着，因为这些人得罪不得。,Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in judgment and disposition of business.(Bacon) 读书足以怡
8、情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采业，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 求知可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。当你孤独寂寞时，阅读可以消遣。当你高谈阔论时，知识可供装饰。当你处世行事时，正确运用知识意味着力量。,“there was a rare-to-do all over the town when they found out the Driffields had shot the moon. It made me laugh. Lord George saye never knew they was broke, ande make
9、s oute was as surprised as anybody.”（说话人是一个女佣人，平时讲话总是快言快语，吐字不清，本身受教育程度也不高） “德烈菲尔德夫妇半夜出逃后，城里顿时出现了少有的热闹。我只觉得奥（好）笑。乔治勋爵说，他一点也不知道他们是穷光蛋。他装的鹅（和）别人一样吃惊。,英国作家Salamn Rushdi的小说撒旦诗篇（The Satanic Verse)中一位名叫S.S.Sisodia的印度人说过一句精彩的话： The trouble with the Engenglish is that their hiss hiss history happened oversea
10、s, so they dodo dont know what it means. 英英国人的麻烦是，他们的历.历历史发生在海外，所以他们不.不.不明白这历史的含含意。,英.阴国人的麻烦是，他们的历.历.隶史发生在海外，所以他们不不.不明白这历.隶史的含寒意。,二，句法标记 在英文原文中，不论是简单句、并列句还是复合句，或者是作者为了取得某种效果而刻意创造的某种特别的句式，如果在译文中能恰当地采用过来，而又不违背汉语的基本规律，那就应该采用，以增强语言的表达效果。,.and the sea the sea crimson sometimes like fire and the glorious
11、sunsets and the fightrees in the Alameda gardens yes and all the queer little streets and pink and blue and yellow houses and the rose gardens and jessamine and geraniums and cactuses.(,“还有海洋深红的海洋有时候真像火一样的红嘿夕阳西下太壮观了还有阿拉梅达那些花园里的无花果树真的那些别致的小街还有一幢幢桃红的蓝的黄的房子还有一座座玫瑰花园还有茉莉花天竺葵仙人掌。,.大海 有时候大海是深红色的 就像火似的 还有那
12、壮丽的落日 再就是阿拉梅达园里的无花果树 对啦 还有那一条条奇妙的小街 一座座桃红天蓝淡黄的房子 还有玫瑰园啦茉莉花啦 天竺葵啦仙人掌啦.,It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 有钱的单身汉总要娶为太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。 有这样一条举世公认的真理，在此我们可以对译文读者的阅读过程做一下简单剖析！这就是，有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太。,On the morning of a fine June da
13、y, my first bonny little nursling and the last of the ancient Earnshaw stock, was born. 6月份一个阳光明媚的早晨，厄恩肖这个古老世家的最后一代继承人出生了，这是第一个我亲自喂养的孩子。 六月份一个阳光明媚的早晨，我要抚养的第一个小宝宝，也是古老的厄恩肖家族的最后一根独苗，出世了。,An elegant handwriting, like the elegant hand that wrote it. I pushed it to one side and had another drink. I began
14、 to feel a little less savage. I pushed things around the desk. My hands felt thick and hot and awkward. I ran a finger across the corner of the desk and looked at the streak made by the wiping off of the dust. I looked at the dust on my finger and wiped that off. I looked at my watch. I looked at t
15、he wall. I looked at nothing. I put the liquor bottle away and went over the washbowl to rinse the glass out. When I had done that I washed my hands and bathed my face in cold water and looked at it .,优美字迹，就像那只写字的优美的手。我把它推在一旁，又喝了一杯酒。我感到平静一点了，摆弄着写字台上的东西。我的双手感到有点麻木、发热、发僵。我用一个手指在写字台的一角划了一道，望着划去灰尘的那一道斜线
16、。我看了看手指，掸去手指尖上的灰尘。看了看表，望着墙，望着茫然的空间。 我将酒瓶放到了另一个地方，在洗碗槽里洗了一下酒杯。后来，我又洗了洗双手，把脸浸在冷水里，我注视着盆里的水.,三，修辞标记： 英语的修辞格主要分为三类：音韵修辞，词义修辞和结构修辞。音韵修辞主要包括头韵法，尾韵法和拟声词。 It was a splendid population for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home. 出来的这批移民各个出类拔萃，因为凡是呆板呆滞呆头呆脑的呆子都呆在家乡。,After a few preliminar
17、y tries, the whole farm burst into “Beasts of England” in tremendous unison. The cows lowed it, the dogs whined it, the sheep bleated it, the horses whinnied it, the ducks quacked it. They were so delighted with the song that they say it right through five times.,.牛儿哞，狗儿嗷，羊儿咩，马儿嘶鸣，鸭儿嘎嘎，个个眉飞色舞，一连唱了五遍
18、方才尽兴。,词义修辞主要包括比喻(figures of speech)夸张(hyperbole)委婉(euphemism)矛盾修辞法(oxymoron)和一语双关(pun)。,矛盾修饰 (oxymoron) 把相互矛盾的两个词用在一起的修辞方法。它利用词义表面的相互矛盾使表层的不和谐统一在思想内容的深层，从而揭示事物对立统一的本质特征，达到加深印象的目的。例如：,She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile. 她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信。 The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his
19、 trainees.教练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷。,During his useful life he often felt he was useless. 在他大有作为的一生中他老是感到自己无用。 其他还有sweet pain; thunderous silence; luxurious poverty; heavy lightness; living death; impossible hope 等等。,“Mine is a long and sad tale!” said the Mouse, turning to Alice, and sighing.“it is a lon
20、g tail, certainly,” said Alice, looking down with wonder at the Mouses tail, “but why do you call it sad?”“you had got to the fifth bend, I think?”“I had not!” cried the Mouse, sharply and very angrily.“A knot!” said Alice, “Oh, do let me help to undo it.”,那老鼠对着艾利斯叹了口气道：“唉，我的历史说来真是又长又苦又委屈呀！” 艾利斯听着，瞧
21、着那光滑的尾巴说：“你这尾巴是长呀，可是为什么又说它苦呢？”此处似乎很难翻译出原文的幽默效果！.“.你说到了第五个弯儿了，不是吗？”那老鼠又凶又怒地说道：“我没有到！”艾利斯道：“你没有刀吗？让我给你找一把吧！”,-“why is the river rich?”-“because it has two banks.” version1 -“为什么说河流是富裕的？ - “因为它有两个银行啊！” （ 原文bank是双关：一指河岸，一指银行）译者加Version2 -为什么说河流富有？ -因为它年年有鱼呀！,结构修辞主要包括重复、对偶、排比 A thin man in a thin overcoa
22、t watched them out of thin, emotionless eyes.一个骨瘦如柴、衣服单薄、双目失神的男子注视着他们。灵活利用汉语中的成语或四字格结构！,And now, you who have so long been bound to the most narrow and material views, you who have denied the virtue of transcendental medicine, you who have always derived your superiors-behold! 喏，你这个一向目光短浅见解卑俗的人，你这个失
23、口否认超常医学功能的人，你这个一贯嘲笑前辈的人，睁开眼睛瞧瞧吧！,It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the
24、 winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going direct to heaven, we were all going direct the other way.(A Tale of Two Cities),这是一个最好的历史时期，这又是一个最坏的历史时期；这是一个充满智慧的年代，这又是一个不乏愚蠢的年代；这是一个富有信仰的时代，这又是一个轻易怀疑的时代；这是一个光明普照的季节，这又是一个黑暗笼罩的季节；这是一个昭示希望的春天，这又是一个导致绝望的冬天；我们的面前无所不有，我们的面前又一无所有；我们都将直上天堂，我们又都将直下地狱。,Moisture,It keeps a flower fresh and beautiful all day.Moisture Wear Powder,It keeps your skin fresh and beautiful all day.（一句广告词）雨露-保持鲜花艳美，雨露护肤粉-保持肌肤艳美。,
