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1、2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,1,英美报刊阅读Reading Course in American & British News Publications/Journalistic English,龚茜,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,2,课程描述,“英美报刊阅读”课程是按照教育部高教司所颁布的大学英语课程教学要求为基础较好、学有余力的Level 2和Level 3学生设置的，是为实现大学英语教学性质和目标所开设的一门课程。大学英语课程教学要求把是否能读懂英美报刊杂志作为衡量较高层次和更高层次学生的阅读理解能力的标准。较高要求的英语阅读能力要求：能基本阅读英语国家报刊杂志的一般性题材
2、的文章，阅读速度为每分钟80词；能读懂有一定,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,3,难度的文章，理解其意义，借助词典能阅读英语原版书籍和英语国家报刊杂志上的文章。因此，对于拥有一定词汇和基本语法的学生来说，读懂英语报刊不仅是验证语言能力高低的一种手段，也是提高英语阅读能力和了解外界信息的手段，同时还是将英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际知识结合的主要途径。,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,4,What is news? What are some categories of news?Which to read? What are the five elements of ne
3、ws? How are they presented in a news story,课程导入 (Introductory Questions),2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,5,News is the report of facts about what is happening,News value determiners/determinants:Timeliness “new”Importance, consequence, impact or significance: the issue is closely related to current social life an
4、d the public interests:,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,6,A definition of news is rather elusive. The stock answers are easy: news is when man bites dog; news is something people havent heard before; news is what editors and reporters say it is.There are different categories of news based on different standards.
5、News can be international, national, metro according to the locality and regions where news happens; news can be political, economic, sports, social, etc. according to the nature of news.,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,7,消息的基本结构,Use concise words to report events/news factsBasic elements of news: 5whs+howBasic s
6、tructure: title+lead+bodyBut Writing style is flexible: Inverted Pyramid Style(倒金字塔结构)-Pyramid Style（金字塔结构）- Mixed Form of Inverted Pyramid and Pyramid Styles（倒叙顺叙混合结构）,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,8,1. Inverted Pyramid Style(倒金字塔结构)-also called flashbackTHE LEAD OFFERS THE MOST ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS TELLING WHO
7、WHAT WHEN WHERE WHY AND HOW OF THE STORYThe second paragraph has less important information and begins to fill in details about the lead. Later paragraphs contain still less important information. This way of framing a news story is called the “inverted pyramid” News stories are packaged in these st
8、andard molds for a very good reason.,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,9,Eg: 1992, 7,31 afternoon, a airliner crash,Refer to word doc.,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,10,Pyramid Style（金字塔结构): used to write complex /complicated emotional news event or story aimed to achieve suspense and interest (used to write soft news )Sometime
9、s a news story is very complexFormat: written in the chronological styleWith the climax at the end/beginning+body+ending不意味着事无巨细记流水账、需要概括力 、抓住从一个阶段过渡到另一阶段的转折点或波峰来写。Eg. Pet Deer Killer Fined $400,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,11,Mixed Form of Inverted Pyramid and Pyramid Styles（倒叙顺叙混合结构）：crowned with a so called
10、 “inverted pyramid” summary lead-first provide the outline of news event, then write according to the natural sequence of news events归纳性导语+精彩的结尾powerful, appealingEg. Police hurt in street violence,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,12,There are usually five basic elements in news: who, what, why, when and where, wh
11、ich the public is mostly concerned of, and which the reporters stick to in writing the news. An additional element may be “how”, which gives people some detailed information about the process of the event.,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,13,Newspapers are publications usually issued on a daily or weekly basis, th
12、e main function of which is to report the news. Newspapers also provide commentary on the news, advocate various public policies, furnish special information and advice to readers, and sometimes include features such as comic strips, cartoons, and serialized books. In nearly all cases and in varying
13、 degrees, they depend on the publication of commercial advertising for their income. Despite the development of cinema, radio broadcasting, and television in the 20th century, newspapers remain a major source of information.,Part One: The Newspaper,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,14,Newspapers in Britain:national
14、 and local newspapers: 11 national & many local (be divided into serious papersthe QUALITY PAPERS/broad sheet & the TABLOIDSGUTTER PRESS)National papers generally give information about films, concerts, and other events happening in London/Local newspapers give information about films, concerts, and
15、 other things happening in the neighborhood, including, e.g. info abut local people who have been married or died recently.,Background Knowledge: Newspapers in Britain and the Us,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,15,Politics: most national newspapers in Britain express a political opinion and people choose the news
16、paper that they read according to their own political beliefs. Most newspapers are RIGHTWING. These are the Daily Telegraph(serious newspaper), the Daily Express, Daily Mail, Daily Star, the Sun and Today (all tabloids)Right-wing: The Times; Left-wing: the Guardian, The Daily Mirror (tabloid); the c
17、enter: the Financial Times,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,16,Daily and Sunday newspapers: daily newspapers published on every day of the week except Sunday; All Sunday newspapers are national including both serious and gutter papers/larger than daily often having 2 or 3 sections/there is also a magazine called t
18、he COLOUR SUPPLEMENT.,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,17,Daily and Sunday newspapers: daily newspapers published on every day of the week except Sunday; All Sunday newspapers are national including both serious and gutter papers/larger than daily often having 2 or 3 sections/there is also a magazine called the CO
19、LOUR SUPPLEMENT.,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,18,1. The Times 泰晤士报2. The Daily Telegraph 每日电讯报3. The Observer 观察家报（1993年4月被(The Guardian)吞并）4. The Financial Times 金融时报5. The Guardian 卫报6. The Economist 经济学家7. Daily Mirror 每日镜报8. The Sun 太阳报,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,19,National and local newspapers: more than 1500 dai
20、ly newspapers covering national and international news/expressing different political opinionsUSA Today while the two respectable newspapers (the Los Angeles Times & the Washington Post ) cannot be bought everywhere.Other important newspapers: the Boston Globe(sold in New England), the Chicago Tribu
21、ne(sold in the Midwest), the Christian Science Monitor & USA Today(sold nationally) & the Washington Post(on the East Coast)Weekly newspapers in all parts of the US covering local news which fewer people read them,Newspapers in the US,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,20,National and local newspapers: more than 150
22、0 daily newspapers covering national and international news/expressing different political opinionsUSA Today while the two respectable newspapers (the Los Angeles Times & the Washington Post ) cannot be bought everywhere.Other important newspapers: the Boston Globe(sold in New England), the Chicago
23、Tribune(sold in the Midwest), the Christian Science Monitor & USA Today(sold nationally) & the Washington Post(on the East Coast)Weekly newspapers in all parts of the US covering local news which fewer people read them,Newspapers in the US,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,21,Daily and Sunday newspapers: daily news
24、papers published on every day of the week except Sunday; Sunday newspapers are very big, often having several separate parts containing many longer articles , a lot of advertisements (the CLASSIFIEDS for jobs and things for sale) ,CARTOONS & COMIC STRIPS(humorous drawings/the FUNNIES) and a colorful
25、 magazine,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,22,1. New York Times 纽约时报2. Washington Post 华盛顿邮报3. Los Angeles Times 洛杉矶时报4. International Herald Tribune 国际先驱论坛报5. Christian Science Monitor 基督教科学箴言报6. USA Today 今日美国7. Time 时代8. Fortune 财富9. Readers Digest 读者文摘10. Newsweek 新闻周刊11. Business Week 商业周刊,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,2
26、3,The Structure of a NewspaperIn a typical English newspaper, one will usually find the following sections everyday:The Front Page: The first page of a newspaper.International: This section invites people to read the headlining world news, the bulk being political coverage.National: This section inv
27、ites people to read the most important coverage of national news.The Metro: This section provides all the regional news, columns and analysis found in the area where the newspaper is located.,The Front Page,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,24,How to read a newspaper:,format of a newspaper and structure of news:Fro
28、nt page (cover): show personality & style Journalistic writing rules: accuracy, balance and fairness, objectivity, brevity and clarity, human interest- technical criterions are often disobeyed,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,25,Business/Finance: This section provides info on the stock market and finance, news sto
29、ries with analysis behind the info.Sports: This section gives records of important sports events, and in-depth sports reporting and analysis.Arts: This section helps readers understand the artistic pursuits from movies to museums and much more.,The Front Page,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,26,Aside from these se
30、ctions, different newspapers have a wide variety of special sections, which will be edited and published on a certain day of the week. E.g. in the New York Times, there is the Dining In/ Dining Out section, which allows you to discover fresh tastes, trends and recipes for novices and gourmet chefs a
31、like every Wednesday.Other sections we may see on different days of the week in one newspaper may include:Travel: This section provides tips on where to travel and how to have a good time.Obituary: This section gives the latest story of people who have recently deceased and recalls their legacy.And
32、so on.讣闻/讣告,The Front Page,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,27,Function of the Front PageThe front page is the part you will read first whenever you have newspapers in hand. Unlike other pages, it is called the FACE of a newspaper on which editors carefully select and arrange the info. Indeed, it is quite normal f
33、or big international newspapers to have a “front page office” with its own editorsAn example of a front page:,The Front Page,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,28,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,29,TermsKeys: Headlines that invite the reader to read stories found in other sections of the paper. 导读框Flag: The newspapers name as it
34、appears at the top of the first page; also known as the logotype or nameplate.报头Headline: Words in large type at the type at the top of a story telling what the story is about; also called a head.Byliner（署名作者）: The reporters name, which appears at the head of the news or a picture story.Dateline(日期栏
35、): Words at the beginning of a story that give the storys place of origin.,The Front Page,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,30,TermsNews Story: A story about a news event.（正文）Cutline: Explanatory info under a picture or illustration; also called a caption. （插图说明）Lead: The first paragraph or two of a news story, tel
36、ling who, what, when, where, why/how.（导语）Alley: The white space between the columns of news stories.（骑缝）News Service: Name indicating info from the wire service in writing the news story.(通讯社/发行部)Jump: To continue a story from one page to another. 把（文章一部分）转入他页,The Front Page,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,31,Fea
37、tures of the Front PageDifferent functions for a newspaper:The front page shows the most important or most dramatic stories and is constituted by those stories. The lead story in the front page is always presented in a heavier, larger headline font than other stories.The front page always carries a
38、wide range of different kind of news, keeping a balance of local, national and international news.,The Front Page,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,32,3. The front page has the table of contents that guides you through the whole paper.4. The selection and the design of the front page news shows the characteristics,
39、 style and personality of the newspaper.,Features of the Front Page,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,33,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,34,The way to read news is to know about the formation of it:,Lead: the first paragraph of the newsBody: news story itselfEnding: Sub-formation: headline, dateline(电头)，editors notes or Eds(编者按)
40、,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,35,“电头”告诉我们什么：,Except flash（快讯）、urgent（急电）、brief（简讯）、headline news（标题新闻），一般新闻在文章最开头都可以看到用bold标的New York (AP), 或LOS ANGELES, Feb 18 (Reuters)之类的文字:The function or usage of dateline:1. emphasize: 发布消息的地点、时间 所具有的特殊意义，以渲染消息的新鲜、意义不凡。电头不仅以单位、地点、时间三要素俱全，而且对地点、时间作更为准确的交代。比如，时间精确到“分钟”,2022
41、/11/22,英美报刊阅读,36,eg;1. 在报道印度总理英迪拉。甘地遇刺身亡的消息时，记者为了尽快抢发这一突发的重大政治新闻，在电头里把发稿时间具体到了几时几分：【法新社新德里某月某日电（北京时间15时50分发）】,2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,37,IntroductionDefinition: the titles of a news report with the font larger than the text used to attract the attention of readers and inform what the text containsReaders
42、skim headlines of the whole newspaper to choose the story to readGood understanding of headlines enables readers to successfully understand the whole report,Headlines (I),2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,38,Types of HeadlinesOn the Standard of the Language FeatureSentence headlines: own the structure of a sentence
43、 having complete forms of nouns and verbs. To avoid the boredom of monotonous structure and to arouse readers desire, editors usually play with words, especially verbs. E.g. Attack on Baghdad begins ANGER MOUNTS IN ARAB WORLD Fan kills wife COFFEE PRICE SOAR,Headlines (I),2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,39,Phrase
44、 headlines: constituted by phrases/ more frequently used/ more difficult to understand because of incompleteness of structure/ know the real meaning after reading the story/ violation of grammar rules indicating the tense and the voice of the storyE.g. 3 INJURED IN BOMB ATTACK Beijing to build mini
45、world parks YOUNG, JOBLESS, HOPELESS US-EUROPE FOOD RIFT,Headlines (I),2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,40,On the Standard based on ColumnThe newspaper normally has 8 or 6 columns. Based on the numbers of columns taken by headlines, they can be divided into “one-column head”, “two-column head” , etc.Banner: A spre
46、ad headline that stretches across the width of the paper. It is used when the editor feel the need to trumpet major news. （大标题/横幅广告）,Headlines (I),2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,41,On the Standard of the parts of HeadlinesHeadlines may contain one deck or several decks. Based on the different parts of headlines
47、have different names and usages. Line: a single-deck headline consisting of a word or group of words arranged side by side on the same level.Spread: a line extending across multiple linesWe can further divide the spread into:Main(headline主标题): the section with the largest and boldest type containing
48、 the essential facts.,Headlines (I),2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,42,We can further divide the spread into three levels:Main(headline主标题): the section with the largest and boldest type containing the essential facts. Readout(sub-headline次标题): a secondary line or lines below the main, often in a contracting font
49、 or in italics. It amplifies or explains the main.Kicker(strap line, over line辅助标题): a line just appears above the main whose principal function is to add emphasis to the main.E.g. A main: The Age of Innocence? A readout: Inside every killer, theres a six-year-old A kicker: Under Autumn Snow A main:
50、 Footnotes to Villages Sorrowful Decade,Headlines (I),2022/11/22,英美报刊阅读,43,Language Features of HeadlinesTenseSimple present tense indicates past meaningContinuous participle indicates present meaningInfinitive form indicates future meaningPast participle indicates passive voiceThird personal singul
