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1、On Argumentative writing,关于议论文写作,Lecturer: 韩存新集美大学外国语学院英语系,专业英语四级作文评分标准(standards of grading)一星级,第1 级者得3-5 分,其特征是:“几乎无交流”,具体表现为“根本没有满足写作要求。既无结构,又无内在逻辑。几乎所有的句子都存在单词,拼写,标点或句法方面的错误。缺乏准确地使用语言的能力。即使相当努力地阅读,大部分行文仍然难以理解。”,二星级,第2 级者得6-8 分,其特征是:“错误频出,交流有碍”,具体表现为“文章只是满足了部分写作要求。文章结构差,在流畅,清晰,一致和支撑诸方面时有缺欠。在单词,拼写
2、,标点或句法方面错误百出。表明作者准确地使用语言的能力有限。全文阅读有一定的障碍。”,三星级,第3 级者得9-11 分,其特征是:“交流尚可,稍有错误”, 具体表现为“文章正确地满足了大部分的写作要求。尽管在流畅,清晰,一致和支撑方面偶有欠缺,总体而言,结构展开充分。尽管文章在单词,拼写,标点或句法方面偶有错误,并时而导致语意模糊,但作文在一定程度上表明作者具有比较准确地使用语言的能力。全文阅读偶有障碍。”,四星级,第4 级者得14 - 12 分,其特征是:“近乎无误的良好交流”,具体表现为“尽管各部分之间有所起伏,但文章正确地满足了几乎所有的写作要求。一般地讲,有主题,有论证,结构展开充分,
3、逻辑严紧。相对来讲,很少单词,拼写,标点或句法方面的错误。作文表明作者具有准确地使用语言的能力。全文阅读很少障碍。”,五星级,第5 级者得15 分,其特征是:“准确高效的交流”,具体表现为“文章富有成效地满足了写作要求。结构展开充分,逻辑严紧,主题明确,论证充分详实。无单词,拼写,标点或句法方面的错误。作文表明作者具有相当的准确地使用语言的能力。全文阅读无障碍。”,Structure,Title： The first letters of the first word and all the content words should be capitalizede.g. Will Touris
4、m Bring Harm to the Environment? (Title)Part I:Introduction (about 60 words)Part II:Body (about 100 words)Part II:Conclusion (about 40 words),In the first part, you should state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part,
5、 bring what your have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.,MORE,HandwritingClear structure (3 or 4 paragraphs)No spelling mistakes No or less grammar mistakesAvoid complex sentencesCheck,写作构思示意图,标题,引论,正文,结论,1 回应论题或者阐述别人观点,2 话题一转，阐述自己的看法,观点1,观点2 同上,1 观点陈述,2 例子,一句话总结。指出问题所在，提出建议。,观点3 不推荐
6、,Example (TEM 4 2009),Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others dont think so. What is your opinion? Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Will Tourism Bring
7、Harm to the Environment?,Model Essay范文,Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? (Title),Introduction,In recent years, tourism has developed rapidly in China. Many people believe that tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and we should try our best to promote tourism. (others viewpoi
8、nts)But what these people fail to see is that tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment. As for me, Im firmly convinced that too many tourists bring harm to the environment. (my viewpoint),Body,The bad impact of tourism on the environment has mainly expressed itself in various w
9、ays. (introductory sentence 引语),One way is the process of exploiting a new scenic spot. In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment. This process usually breaks the ecological balance of the area. In some mou
10、ntainous places, trees are being cut down to build hotels for others to see and explore the beauty of the mountains. Then land slides and mud-rock flows come up.,viewpoint,Facts and evidences,Another way the development of tourism has damaged the environment occurs when tourists go to scenic spots.
11、Some tourists dont have the awareness to protect the environment, and ignorantly throw their garbage here and there. Some people even kill the local wildlife to eat, which badly damages the balance of the natural environment.,Evidence 1,Evidence 2,viewpoint,Conclusion,It is wrong to sacrifice the en
12、vironment for the growth of tourism. (what and why?)We must keep in mind that (Because)too much tourists bring harm to the environment. (What to suggest?)We need to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing the pollution they cause to a minimum.,Students model 学生范文,0815 Du
13、 Wanru0816 Hong Jingru,Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? -0815 Du Wanru,In the age of information and communication, tourism plays an important role. It has become a popular global leisure activity, and brings many benefits to our country. But with the development of our tourism, a lot of
14、problems have surfaced. As as I am concerned, I am greatly convinced that too much tourism brings harm to the environment.( Introduction),Body,Among various kinds of bad apects, the following ones should be mentioned. For one thing, when visiting, many tourists will litter about and thus polluting o
15、ur environment. For another, to attract more tourists, more and more buildings and facilities will be built and thus occupy a lot of land and thousands of trees will be cut down. And what seems to be the trouble is that some facilities will do harm to our environment.,When benefiting from the touris
16、m, we should not neglect its influence on the environment. It can be easily proved that sacrificing the environment for the booming of tourism is surely wrong. Only with the balance between the tourism and the environment can we really benefit. We should always keep in mind that too much tourism wil
17、l bring harm to the environment and think twice before developing tourism, try our best to reduce the pollution. (Conclusion),Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?-0816 Hong Jingru,With the development of Chinese tourism, more and more foreign tourists have been flowing into China for a visit.
18、 And this produces many positive effects, like progress, prosperity, employment and stability on our economy and to our government. At the same time, it leads our country to have better reputation. Every coin has two sides.We all fail to see the bad effects that it may cause to our environment. We h
19、ave to sacrifice and give up our natural beauty and environment to pay for all our benefits.(introduction),First is the exploiting scenic spots, transportation and hotels. In order to attract more tourists, we need to exploit more scenic spots, hotels and restaurants that lead many space to be neede
20、d. Forests, mountains and trees were removed and cut down. Animals and living organisms disappear or being eaten, this process leads to the ecological imbanlance.,Second is the tourism. The more tourists, the more deterioration. Some tourists dont have the awareness to protect our environment. They
21、simply throw garbage everywhere. Some of them even step on the grass and pluck the flowers, which is distinctly not allowed. And these will also destroy the beauty of the scenic spots.,Third is the resources and the wild animals. In order to attract more tourists and gain more profits, some local pe
22、ople used to kill the wild life. However, this causes the wild animals to become even rarer.,conclusion,In my opinion, we can continually promote tourism but at the same time we should also be aware of the ecological balance and minimize the pollution that people cause. The government should also be
23、 tough on those who kill and eat wild life.,论文框架举例framework,With unprecedented advances in medical technology, a debate has developed over whether or not a person on life support has the right to die. On one side of the debate are those who say that. On the other side is the view that. In my mind, I
24、 completely agree/disagree the later . There is no denying that .has many positive effects. To begin with,.Secondly, . Finally, . However, every coin has its two sides. .is no exception. Many opponents say that . To conclude, .,文章建构实用句型useful sentences,Introduction,Recently the issue of whether or n
25、ot . has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public 近来，是否_的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。 Recently, the issue of . has been brought into public focus. 近来，_的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。,The issue whether it is good or not to . has aroused a heated discussion all over the country._的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。At
26、present, some people think .while others claim .Both sides have their merits. 目前，一些人认为_而另一些人则认为_。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。,When asked ., some people think. while some prefer. 说到_，有人认为_，而另一些人则认为_ 。Just as the saying goes: “so many people, so many minds”. It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary
27、from person to person. 俗话说，“人多意见杂。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。,As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view. 在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer . rather than. 根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择_而不会选择_。,Body,First, second, third.last Firstly, secondly, thirdly,
28、.last but not leastTostartwith ,Next , Finally besides inaddition whatsmoretakefor example，For example, For instance, History presented many examples of.， In order to see this point clearly, let us see an example. Lets see an example. On the one hand, On the other hand (For one thing, For another th
29、ing ),There are several reasons for this phenomenon/why.-(as follows). 造成这种现象的原因如下： The reasons are chiefly as follows. 主要原因如下： The reasons are presented below. 原因如下。,The first and most important reason is that. 第一个而且最重要的原因是_。Another reason why . is that.另外一个原因是The third but not very important reaso
30、n is that. 第三个（尽管不是很重要）原因是_。,Conclusion,insummary inaword inbrief in general inconclusionIn short，it can be said that From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ,From the reasons presented above, I think the pros outweigh the cons. 从以上原因可以看出，其优势胜过劣势（优点多于缺点）。As far as I am
31、concerned, its disadvantages outweigh its disadvantages我认为，其优势胜于劣势。,What we must do is to encourage the strength and diminish the weaknesses to the least extent. 我们必须尽可能发挥其优势，趋吉避凶。From what has been discussed above, we can see . does more harm than good to us. Therefore, I strongly approve of the mo
32、tion that. 从以上论述可知，_ 对我们百害而无一利。,But all in all, I would say the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. With the advance of society, if we encourage the merits and eliminate the drawbacks, all people will enjoy a better life. 但是，总的说来，我认为其优势大于劣势。随着社会的发展，如果我们能对此善加利用，所有的人都能生活得更好。,套话 verbalism,Its well k
33、nown to us that As is known to us，As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way”Each coin has two sides.There is a downside to everything. is double-edged sword.,No one can deny the fact that. Some changes have taken place in the past five years. Compared with A，B.People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth. on the contrary(相反）what is worse(更糟糕的是）,THE END,
