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1、,若是议论文，不论是哪一种类型，一定注意在第一段写上主题句，概况全文的观点一定注意每一自然段要写上衔接词+论点句First+一句完整的话Second+一句完整的话一定注意结尾不要写的太简单，要有一定深度,小作文一定注意格式一定注意看清楚题目要求多背一些句子,完型中的词汇形近词 近义词,Deduce, reduce, reproduce,On the basis of evidence we _ that he was guilty.deduceHe wont _ the rent of our house.reduceRabbits _quickly.reproduce,Deduce, red
2、uce, reproduce,Deduce :推论, 演绎On the basis of evidence we deduced that he was guilty.根据这些证据我们推断他是有罪的。Reduce：减少; 降低He wont reduce the rent of our house.他不肯减少我们住房的租金。Reproduce：复制，繁殖Rabbits reproduce quickly.兔子繁殖速度很快。,compose, dispose, propose,These twelve men are believed to _ the poseHe _ his books on
3、 the shelves. disposeThey _ to make arrangement beforehand. propose,compose, dispose, propose,Compose：组成, 构成, 创作These twelve men are believed to compose the jury.陪审团是由这12人组成的。Dispose处理; 布置He disposed his books on the shelves.把书籍排列在书架上。Propose：提议，求婚They proposed to make arrangement beforehand.他们提议事先做
4、好安排。,radius, radium, radiate,He has visited every shop within a _ of two miles.radiusThe sun _ light and heat. radiate_can be used to treat cancer.radium,radius, radium, radiate,Radius:半径He has visited every shop within a radius of two miles.周围两英里以内的店铺他都去过。Radium ：化镭Radium can be used to treat cance
5、r.镭可以用来治疗癌症。Radiate：发射出(光、热等)，向四周伸出The sun radiates light and heat.太阳散发光和热。,Statue, status,Statue:雕像Statue of Liberty 自由女神Status：地位、身份；情形、状况Age has status in the villages.在乡村里年长者受人尊敬。,Affect, defect, effect, infect,Affect:影响The tax increases have affected us all.加税已经影响了我们所有的人。Defect:缺点、瑕疵We must cor
6、rect our defects as soon as possible.,Effect：效果、影响When does the new law come into effect? 新法律何时生效？Infect：感染、影响Marys high spirits infected all the girls in the class. 玛丽的兴致感染了全班的女孩,Conserve, deserve, observe, preserve,Conserve:保护, 保藏, 保存Conserve your energy, youll need it!保存你的精力, 你会用得着的！Deserve:应受，值得
7、What crime have they committed to deserve such cruelty? 他们犯了什么错，竟遭如此惩罚？,Observe：观察，研究； 看待；遵循He observes carefully but says little.他总是仔细观察, 很少说话。Preserve：保护；维持We must preserve our natural resources.我们必须保护自然资源。,spontaneous, simultaneous,We need a _ interpreter.simultaneousTo be thoroughly enjoyed, rea
8、ding must be entirely _. spontaneous,spontaneous, simultaneous,Spontaneous:自发的，无意识的To be thoroughly enjoyed, reading must be entirely spontaneous. 一个人读书必须出其自然，才能够彻底享受读书的乐趣。Simultaneous：同时发生的We need a simultaneous interpreter. 我们需要一个同声翻译。,scare, sacred, scarce,scare ：v.恐吓；adj.吓人的They ll scare her out
9、 of telling the police. 她们要把她吓得不敢报警。sacred 神圣的，不可 冒犯的 In Africa the snake is still sacred with many tribes.非洲许多部落仍认为蛇是不可冒犯的。scarce 缺乏的The food was scarce during the war.战争期间食物短缺。,Instinct, distinct, extinct,instinct 本能 The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起
10、了她的母性。distinct 清楚的，截然不同的two entirely distinct languages extinct 灭绝的，消逝的Nothing could remind her of her extinct passion.她激情已逝, 不会心回意转。,adapt, adopt, adept,adapt是动词，其意为“改编，改变以适应”。 All life is about changeyou either adapt or die. 生命在于变化要么适应要么死亡。 adopt也是动词，其意为“收养，采纳，采用”。 The resolution was adopted by an
11、 overwhelming majority. 决议以压倒多数通过。adept是形容词，其意为“擅长的，有技巧的”。 Unfortunately, I am more adept at spending money than making it. 不幸的是，我花钱的本事远远大于我挣钱的本事,altitude, aptitude, attitude, latitude,altitude 高度,海拔(an altitude of 20,000 meters above sea level海拔20,000米）aptitude 才能,智力,倾向,习性 attitude 态度,看法 latitude 纬
12、度(longitude经度),专四的易混淆词汇有两种： 形近词 近义词,abandon; desert; forsake ; quit ; give up At fourteen he ran away and _1_ his home and friend. forsookHe _2_ his wife and went away with all their money. abandoned The fort had been hurriedly _3_.desertedYou must _4_ smoking, or you wont survive. Give upOne friend
13、 of mine has decided to _5_ his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. quit,抛弃，放弃,abandon 指完全、永远地放弃，尤其指对其负有责任或义务者，或者放弃一个项目或计划。 desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等 ，或者指离开某地forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物，着重于断绝情感上的依恋 ,也可指不情愿的离开quit 强调突然或出其不意的放弃，一般指“停止” give up 多用于口头，表示停止做某事.,Abolish; cancel; eliminate
14、,The flight to Tokyo is _1_ because of the storm. Cancelled We must _2_ unnecessary expense. eliminatePresident Lincoln worked to _3_ slavery. Abolish,废除，取消,abolish 指完全消除某项旧制度、法律或旧风俗等 cancel 指某人因某种意想不到的原因而临时取消事前所决定的事 eliminate 指淘汰或取消不需要的东西,exact; correct; precise; accurate _1_ dress for some ceremon
15、ies is necessary for those who always attend them.correct Is your watch _2_? I suppose its 10 minutes slow. accurateKeep this _3_ instrument away from insolation（暴晒） and aquosity（潮湿）. preciseI cant tell you the _4_ date, but it should be around Oct. 20 exact,准确，精确,exact :giving all details correctly
16、 确切（细节完整，没有遗漏）What were his exact words? Accurate: correct in every detail 准确的；精确的 （细节正确，没有错误）The novel wasnt intended to be historically accurate.,correct 正确的，指合乎一定的标准或规矩，没有错误 precise 精密的，指具有高度的精确性和准确性,Mary hopes to be _ from hospital next week.A. dismissedB. dischargedC. expelledD. resignedB,dismi
17、ss - end the employment or service of; allow to leave: be dismissed from school service / classdischarge -release, as from confinement, care, or duty: discharge a patient; discharge a soldier; be discharged from hospital military service / from prison,expel -force to leave; deprive of membership: be
18、 expelled from a country schoolresign -give up (a position, for example), especially by formal notification: resign from cabinet committee,range, reach, scope, compass, scaleThe bird now came within my _of vision.rangeKeep the pills out of_ the of the children! reachIs Romanticism in the of your boo
19、k?scopeConstruction is not within_ the of the departmentcompassThis thermometer has two_marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and the other in Centigradescales,range, reach, scope, compass, scale,这是一组表示“范围”的名词，其侧重点各有不同。 range代表的是一个可以测量的范围，在这个范围内包括一系列可变化的数量。range还特指视力、听力所能达到的距离和枪炮的射程。 reach特指伸手可达到的距离或非常近的距
20、离，其比喻含义指能力、权力、影响等可达到的范围。scope指人们所处理、研究的事物的“范围”以及所掌握、控制的“面积”。scope的比喻含义指的是所掌握的知识的宽度，即“眼界，见识”。compass在意义上与scope相同，是正式用语，表示活动、兴趣、能力的“界限，范围”。scale特指刻度、标度的范围，也指品级、级别的规模和大小的范围：,edge, border, rim, verge,这组词皆有“边，边缘”之意。 edge通常指某物一边的边线、两个平面的交界线以及各种界线，特指处在不利状态下的边缘。border意为“边界，边境，国境”，也可以指装饰周边的“边”。,rim意思是“边，边缘”，
21、尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。verge特指道路、花坛等长着草的“边缘”。,This is the north edge of the field.这是这块地的北边线。The plane flew across the border.飞机飞越了边境。He wears a pair of spectacles with gold rims.他戴一副金丝边眼镜。She was on the verge of speaking out the secret.她差点儿把秘密说出来。,恼怒,annoy 指由于被迫忍受某种不愉快甚至讨厌的事情而失去耐心或沉着(be annoyed at/by sth.
22、be annoyed with sb. 对某人/某事很生气) furious 狂怒的(be furious with sb. be furious at/about sth对某人/某事大发雷霆),indignant 强调的是愤怒,愤慨,愤愤不平 irritate 指一再打扰某人,终于使其失去耐心而发怒. provoke 激怒(人,动物),使生气(provoke sb. to do /into doing.刺激某人做某事),admit, allow, permit, approve的用法区别,1. admit的意思是“同意进入，允许进入”（经常与to连用）。Latecomers will not
23、 be admitted until the interval. 迟到者在休息时间方可入场 2. allow泛指“一般性同意，允许”。 Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不得吸烟。,3. permit 常用来表示“上下级之间的允许，批准”The prisoners were permitted two hours exercise a day. 允许犯人每天有两小时户外活动。 4. approve的主要意思是“批准（条文，协议等），赞同”（常与of连用）。I approve of your trying to earn some money, but
24、 please dont neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣一些钱，可是请不要误了功课,sense, sensitive, sensible, sensational,Sense:感觉，感官Sensitive：敏感的Do not be sensitive!,Sensible：明智的，理性的That seems to be a sensible idea.那似乎是个明智的主意。Sensational：轰动性的，耸人听闻的Newspaper reports the incident sensational, makes it appear worse than it real
25、ly be. 报纸大肆渲染这件事，描述得更不像话。,Sb+Regretful 后悔的She was regretful.Sth+Regrettable 令人遗憾的The matter was really regrettable.,bright, clever, wise, brilliant, intelligent, ingenious, smart, shrewd,1.bright : 口语常用词，多指年轻人，尤指小孩思路敏捷，理解力强，机灵等。A bright boy learns quickly. 2.clever : 强调头脑灵活，接受新事物快，有智有谋，但不一定暗示全面妥当地考虑
26、问题。He was too clever.他太精明了,3.wise : 侧重不是一般的聪明伶俐，而是有远见，有智慧，能明智地处理问题。Wise men learn by other mens mistakes.,4.brilliant : 指人的才华出众，思路敏捷，常令人赞叹不已。Einstein had a brilliant brain.爱因斯坦有一个才气纵横的头脑。5.intelligent : 正式用词，指在理解新的、抽象东西或处理解决问题时，智力超过一般常人。All human beings are much more intelligent than animal.。,6.inge
27、nious : 指思路敏捷，并暗示有创造与发明的才能和技巧。The ingenious boy made a radio set for himself.,7.smart : 普通用词，与bright和clever的意思很相近，但更强调机灵。He is a smart businessman. 8.shrewd : 指精明老练，有头脑，善于判断，把握有利机会。His answer to the journalist is a shrewd one.,常用动词词组,动词词组1）常跟动名词的动词abandon、deny、escape、evade、feel like、mind、regret、resu
28、me、stop、detest、 finish、 resist、risk、suggest、delay、miss、anticipate、admit to spend time doing、 cant help doing、 Its no use doing,2）跟for的动词搭配及词组admire sb for doing apologize for doing criticize sb for doing forgive sb for doing have a gift for doing blame sb for doing,find an excuse for doing have a ta
29、lent for doing have a reason for doing punish sb for doing reward sb for doing,3）From 词组benefit from doing dissuade sb from doing discourage sb from doingget pleasure from doingprohibit sb from doingprevent sb from doingprotect sb from doing,Of 词组,approve of doing同意干某事boast of doing吹嘘干某事complain of
30、doing抱怨干某事deprive sb of doing剥夺某人干某事的权力despair of doing对干某事绝望,dream of doingfind a means of doinghave no intention of doingsuspect sb of doinghave the likelihood of doingrun the risk of doinghave the responsibility of doing,5)with 词组agree with doing content oneself with doingcredit sb. with doingrep
31、roach sb. with doingthreaten sb. with doingput up with doing,6）in, at 词组believe in doingmake progress in doingpreserve in doing succeed in doing take delight in doing take the initiative in doing smile at doing frown at doing,7）跟介词to词组adjust oneself to doing adapt oneself to doingapply oneself to doing become addicted to doing expose oneself to doingconfine oneself to doingdevote oneself to doing object to doing,8）跟动词不定式arrange, attempt, fail, endeavor, promise, refuse, manage, pretend, volunteertake pains to do make up ones mind to do take the trouble to do,
