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1、,英语常用词根词缀,第一编 前缀,一、表示反对、相反1. anti- 反，抗antiwar 反战的antitank 反坦克的antimissile 反导弹的antibody 抗体anti-fascist 反法西斯的anti-ageing 抗衰老的,猜词练习1) Anti-Putin street protests began six months ago after a disputed parliamentary election. The New York Times, June 12, 20122) The Obama administration has taken some posi
2、tive steps against antigay discrimination.The New York Times, May 7, 20123) Ever since Republicans took control of half the countrys statehouses this year, the anti-abortion movement has won one victory after another.The New York Times, May 27, 2011,2. counter-反对，相反counterattack 反攻counterrevolutiona
3、ry 反革命counterproposal 反提案counterclockwise 逆时针方向counterproductive 起反作用的,3. in- 不，非，无incomplete 不完全的incapable 没有能力的indispensable不可缺少的inevitable不可避免的猜测词义：indirectly, indecent, incorrect, inhuman, injustice incomparable insensitive, informal, 里面inside 里面 indoor 室内的inland 内地的 intake 吸收inject 注入 inmate 囚犯
4、 加强意义invaluable 极其宝贵的,4. im- (在m, p, b的前面) 不immoral不道德的imperfect不完美的imbalance不平衡 里面，向内import 进口，输入imprison监禁 immigrate移居入境impulse冲动,5. il-不（在l前面）illegal 非法的illiterate不识字的illogical不合逻辑的illimitable无限的illegitimate 不合理的an illegitimate child,6. ir- 不 （在r的前面）irregular 不规则的irrelevant 不相关的irrational不合理的irre
5、sistible不可抵抗的,猜词练习1) Dont be irreplaceable - if you cant be replaced, you cant be promoted.切勿成为不可替代的人 - 如果没人能取代你，你便无法得到提拔。2) India expressed regret over the irresponsible remarks by a UN body. 印度对一个联合国机构的不负责言论表示失望。 3) Idea that men could be divided into two classes, the religious and the irreligious
6、, was false. He said that with few exceptions mankind was religious.(The New York Times, February 6, 1928),7. mis- 不， 错misuse 误用mistake 错误misfortune 不幸misbehave 行为不端misunderstand 误解,8. dis- 去掉disable使丧失能力，使伤残 disarm解除-武装 dishearten使失去信心 discourage使 - 失去勇气, 表示否定dishonest 不诚实的disloyal 不忠心的discomfort 不
7、舒服disadvantage 劣势,猜测词义1) Troops were called out to put an end to the disorder in the streets. 部队被召来平息街头的骚乱。2) Do not discontinue the treatment without consulting your doctor. 切勿不咨询你的医生就中断治疗。3) While lax standards might make states look good, they are a disservice to students who will have to compete
8、 in the ever more competitive global economy. (USA Today, June 14, 2007),9. de- 去掉denationalize 非国有化derail 使（火车）脱轨detrain 下火车deforest 砍伐森林 defrost 除霜defuse缓和 向下devalue贬值 depress压低；使沮丧decrease 减少,10. non- 非，不nonsmoker不抽烟的人nonstop 直达的nonsense胡说八道non-fiction纪实文学non-linear非线性的non-professional非专业的non-shr
9、ink 不缩水的,猜测词义1) Among areas causing public dissatisfaction are high unemployment and the exploitation of non- renewable resources, Mr. Sangma said.(The New York Times, February 25, 2012)2) South Sudan accused Sudan on Tuesday of bombing the disputed border town of Jau, killing four soldiers and brea
10、king a nonaggression pact.(The New York Times, Feb. 10, 2012),3) In the early 1920s, he led a boycott of British goods and campaign of non-cooperation. (The New York Times, January 30, 2012) 4) In many corners of the country, law, order, electricity and medicine are virtually nonexistent. (The New Y
11、ork Times, Dec. 9, 2011) 5) More than 150 protesters carrying signs calling for nonviolence and the rule of law began their march on Sunday.(The New York Times, March 19, 2012),11. un- 不，无，非，未uncomfortable 不舒服的unacceptable 不能接受的unavoidable不可避免的 unbearable 不能忍受的unbelievable不可相信的unforgettable难忘的, 表示相反
12、的动作unlock开锁 untie解开 unbutton解开纽扣 uncover揭开盖子 undress脱-的衣服Whats done cannot be undone.,二、表示空间方位1. pre- 前prewar 战前的predawn 黎明前的prefix 前缀preschool 学龄前的preposition 介词prejudice 偏见prescient 有先见之明的,2. fore- 前forehead 前额forearm 前臂forecast 预测，预报 weather foretell 预言forefathers 祖先 foreword 前言foreman 工头foreseea
13、ble 可预见的,猜测词义1) The commander had been forewarned of the attack.指挥官与先得到敌人要发动袭击的警报。2) They had the foresight to invest in new technology.他们有投资新技术的远见。3) With a little forethought many accidents could be avoided.如果事先稍微多想想，许多事故是可以避免的。,3. pro- 向前progress 进步project 投射propel 推进 proceed 继续,4. post- 后postwar
14、 战后的postgraduate研究生postpone 推迟postnatal 产后的,5. re- 向后return 回来recession 衰退recall 回忆reflect 反映rebound 弹回 重新，再rebuild 重建remarry 再婚, 相反reaction 反应resist 抵抗rebel 反对；反政府武装revolt 造反reverse 扭转；相反的resent 憎恨，不满,6. over- 上overhead 在头上方oversee 监督太，过于overcharge 多收（某人）钱overload 超载overeat 吃撑 非常overjoyed 大喜过望的,7.
15、super- 上面，超supervise 指导，管理supervisor 导师supernatural 超自然的supermarket 超市 = superstoresuperman 超人猜测词义：,1) In the 1970s, Rick Perry was trained as an Air Force pilot in a T-38 supersonic jet. The New York Times, November 26, 20112) We understand that the United States has different challenges and respon
16、sibilities as the worlds last remaining military superpower.The New York Times, March 21, 20123) The European Union is an attempt to build an economic and legal superstructure without a linguistic, cultural, historic and civic base. The New York Times, November 18, 2011,8. sub-下；次于subway 地铁suburb 郊区
17、submarine 潜水艇sub-zero零度以下的subconscious 潜意识的,9. under- 下； 不足underground 地下的underwater 水下的underfoot 脚下的underline 在 - 下划线underwear 内衣underestimate 低估undercut 削弱 = undermineunderpay 少付给- 钱understaffed 人手不够的,10.ex- 外export 出口expose揭露exposition 展览 Shanghai Expoexclude 排除exit 出口extract 拔出,11. extra- 外extra
18、marital 婚外的an affairextracurricular 课外的 activitiesextravagant 奢侈的extravagance 奢侈His wifes reduced him to poverty.他老婆挥霍无度，使他陷入贫困。extrasolar,12.inter- 在- 之间Internet因特网international 国际的interpersonal 人际的intercity 城市之间的interstate 州际的,1) But Washington believes that previous satellite launchings were part
19、 of North Koreas efforts to build intercontinental ballistic missiles. (The New York Times, March 22, 2012)2) Man-carrying rockets capable of travel in inter-planetary space may be built within a decade or two. (The New York Times, April 23, 1950)3) The second annual intercollegiate chess tournament
20、 will be held in this city next week, beginning Tuesday, Dec. 26. (The New York Times, December 17, 1893),13. trans- 穿过，越过transplant 移植transport 运输translate 翻译transform 使变形transgenic 转基因的transgender people,14. a- 在aside 在一边ahead 在前面aboard 在船上ashore 在岸上aback 向后atop 在顶上abed 在床上,15. be- 在beside 在 - 旁边b
21、elow 在下面；在 - 下面behind 在后面；在 - 后面before 在 - 以前beneath 在下方，在 - 下方between 在 - 之间,16. ab- 离开abduct 绑架，诱拐absorb 吸收abnormal 反常的abuse 滥用drug abusealcohol abusesexual abuse,四、表示程度、性质1. macro- 大，宏macroeconomics 宏观经济学macrostructure 宏观结构,2. micro- 小Microsoft 微软microwave 微波microbiology 微生物学microelement 微量元素micr
22、oscope 显微镜microblog3. mini- 小miniskirt 迷你裙minibus 小型公共汽车mini-break短假,4. multi- 多multiparty 多党的multinational 多国的multilateral 多边的multi-purpose 多用途的multicultural多元文化的multiracial 多种族的,5. poly- 多polygon 多角形polysyllable 多音节polygamy 一夫多妻（制）；一妻多夫（制）,6. bene- 好benefit 益处beneficial 有益的beneficiary 受益者,7. mal-
23、坏maltreat 虐待malpractice 不法行为malnutrition 营养不良malfunction 机能失常,8. sym- / syn- 相同sympathy 同情symptom 症状，征兆symmetry 对称syndrome 综合症 acquired immune deficiency syndromesevere acute respiratory syndrome,五、表示数字 semi- 半semi-feudal 半封建的semi-colonial 半殖民地的semifinal 半决赛semiconductor 半导体semiautomatic 半自动的,uni- 单
24、一uniform 制服unilateral 单方面的unisex 不分性别的 jeansmono- 单一，独monocycle 独轮车monarch 君主monarchy 君主制,bi- / di- / du- / ambi- 两，二bicycle 自行车bilingual 双语的bilateral 双边的diploma 文凭dilemma 进退两难duplicate复制ambiguous模棱两可的,tri- 三tricycle 三轮车triangle 三角形triple 三倍trinity （圣父、圣灵、圣子）三位一体,Trinity College 三一学院,trident 三叉戟,推荐阅
25、读的英美报刊纽约时报1851年9月18日创刊http:/华盛顿邮报1877年12月6日创刊http:/洛杉矶时报1881年12月4日创刊http:/今日美国1982年9月15日创刊http:/泰晤士报1785年1月1日创刊 http:/www.thetimes.co.uk卫报1821年创刊http:/www.guardian.co.uk,中国大陆发行的英文报纸中国日报1981年6月1日创刊http:/上海日报1999年10月1日创刊http:/环球时报2009年4月20日创刊http:/,时代周刊（美国1923年创刊）新闻周刊（美国1933年创刊 ）国家地理杂志（美国1888年创刊）经济学家（
26、英国1843年创刊） ,推荐3部双解辞典牛津高阶英汉双解词典（第七版） - 商务印书馆 / 牛津大学出版社朗文当代高级英语辞典（英英英汉双解） - 外语教学与研究出版社 / 朗文麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典 - 外语教学与研究出版社,推荐4本在线词典英语辞海 http:/百度词典 http:/爱词霸词典 http:/朗文在线词典 http:/,第二编 后缀,一、动词后缀1. ateoriginate 起源translate 翻译evaluate 评价nominate 提名generate 产生,2. -enshorten 缩短deepen 加深sharpen 削尖quicken 加快sweeten
27、 使变甜broaden 加宽,3. fysimplify 简化purify 使纯净intensify 加强beautify 美化classify 把 - 分类glorify 颂扬,4. ishfinish 结束establish 建立punish 惩罚vanish 消失publish 发表flourish 繁荣,5. -ize realize 实现；认识到modernize 使 - 现代化industrialize 工业化normalize 使 - 正常化organize 组织revolutionize 使 - 革命化,二、名词后缀表示人1. er 动作的发出者singer 歌手leader
28、领导人bedwetter 与某事物有关的人banker 银行家farmer 农民teenager 青少年trucker 卡车司机, 某国、某地的人New Zealander 新西兰人New Yorker 纽约人northerner 北方人villager 村民Londoner 伦敦人Beijinger 北京人 表示事物cooker 炊具washer 洗衣机carrier 航空母舰,2. oractor 演员，行动者educator 教育者inventor 发明家survivor 幸存者sailor 水手,3. iorsuperior 上司inferior 下级senior 年长者junior
29、年少者savior 救星，救世主warrior 勇士，战士Golden State WarriorsTerracotta Warriors,3. anEuropean 欧洲人African 非洲人American 美洲人，美国人republican 共和党人,4. -iancivilian 平民guardian 守卫者Canadian 加拿大人musician 音乐家physician 医生magician 魔术师technician 技术员historian 历史学家mathematician 数学家clinician,6.ist 有某种信仰的人communist 共产主义者socialis
30、t 社会主义者terrorist 恐怖分子separatist 分裂分子extremist 极端主义者Maoist, 从事某种职业的人artist 艺术家dentist 牙医scientist 科学家physicist 物理学家typist 打字员novelist 小说家violinist 小提琴家geologist sociologist,7. ee 受动者employee 雇员examinee 考生trainee 接受培训的人interviewee 被采访者 主动者refugee 难民absentee 缺席者retiree 退休者,8. eer 从事某种职业的人pioneer 先驱者vol
31、unteer 志愿者engineer 工程师mountaineer 登山者猜测词义weaponeerrocketeerfictioneerprofiteer,9. -ese某国、某地人Chinese中国人Vietnamese 越南人Cantonese 广州人Shanghainese 上海人,10. ess 女性hostess 女主人；女主持人princess 公主，王妃lioness 母狮子actress 女演员waitress 女服务员tigress 母老虎,猜测词义poetess manageress murderess millionairess,11. ster songster 歌手
32、 youngster 年轻人gangster 犯罪团伙成员，歹徒mobster 暴徒猜词义：pollstergamester trickster fraudster,表示动作的过程或结果1. iondiscussion 讨论action 行动election 选举attraction 吸引adoption 采纳；收养prevention 预防,2. -tionintervention 干涉convention 集会introduction 介绍production 生产attention 注意description 描写,3. -itionsupposition 推测opposition 反对
33、recognition 认出，承认competition 竞争repetition 重复addition 增加,4. -ation consideration 考虑limitation 限制invitation 邀请preparation 准备explanation 解释imagination 想象,5. -fication (-fy -fication)simplification 简化purification 净化classification 分类glorification 歌颂例外satisfy satisfaction,英语词汇的奥秘蒋争 中国国际广播出版社英语说文解字 - 单词记忆快
34、车蒋争 中国国际广播出版社,6. -ization (-ize -ization)modernization 现代化realization 实现industrialization 工业化normalization 正常化popularization 普及例外recognize recognition,猜测词义The main risks in the second half include a possible intensification of Europes debt crisis.The New York Times, September 8, 2011Beautification o
35、f the nations capital and expansion of government buildings in the city are expected by the Treasury Department to cost more than $300,000,000 in the next eight or ten years.The New York Times,7. -mentmovement 运动，移动management 管理development 发展establishment 建立argument 争论；论点treatment 对待；治疗,8. -uredepar
36、ture 离开pressure 压力exposure 揭露；暴露seizure 抓住closure 关闭sculpture 雕刻nature 自然,表示性质、状态1. -ydifficulty 困难honesty 诚实jealousy 嫉妒modesty 谦虚harmony 和谐mastery 精通,2. -tyspecialty 特性；专业safety 安全certainty 肯定cruelty 残忍loyalty 忠诚novelty 新奇subtlety 微妙，精妙,3. -etyvariety 变化anxiety 焦虑notoriety 臭名昭著sobriety 清醒例外：generou
37、s generosity 慷慨curious curiosity 好奇,4. -ityhumanity 人性equality 平等reality 现实modernity 现代性popularity 流行personality 性格nationality 国籍,猜测词义1) In Sudan, Hu stated in 2004 that Chinese aid to Khartoum is free of political conditionality. The New York Times2) A man who pleaded guilty to robbery and kidnappi
38、ng seven years ago and was sentenced to 22 years was set free yesterday on a technicality. The New York Times, May 15, 1963 3) The United States should be guided by history and reality, and not be governed by emotionality and sentimentality. The New York Times, July 13, 1932,5. -ability (-able + -it
39、y)readability 可读性dependability 可靠性availability 可得性changeability 可变性,6. -ibility (-ible + -ity)sensibility 敏感（性）conductibility 可传导性extensibility 可延展性corruptibility 易腐蚀性resistibility 抵抗得住,猜测词义：1) The deep, almost inherent, adaptability and resilience of the worlds farmers makes them well suited to dea
40、l with a changing climate. The New York Times, June 5, 2011 2) The United States Justice Department and New York lawmakers should investigate the legality of practices that led to the arrests of hundreds of thousands of people since the mid-1990s. The New York Times, September 26, 2011,7. -cyinfancy
41、 幼年期vacancy 空缺secrecy 秘密状态idiocy 白痴bankruptcy 破产,8. -acy intimacy 亲密privacy 私下literacy 识字adequacy 足够，充分democracy 民主supremacy 至高无上,9. -ryrivalry 竞争robbery 抢劫scenery 景色jewelry 首饰poetry 诗歌machinery 机器,猜测词义：1) But, he said to me, foreign-language pronunciation, which is prized as essential to the artist
42、ry of opera, had been an agonizing problem for him.The New York Times, May 19, 20112) Carl E. Clark was finally awarded a combat medal for bravery in World War II an honor the 95-year-old was originally denied because he is black.The New York Times, January 19, 2012,10. -ance / ancybrilliance 光辉igno
43、rance 无知vigilance 警惕endurance 忍耐buoyancy 活跃constancy 稳定性pregnancy 怀孕,11. -ence / encyexistence 存在insistence 坚持confidence 信心difference 不同urgency 紧迫emergency 紧急情况tendency 趋向,猜测词义1) We all will miss his elegance, humor, kindness, and keen intelligence. The New York Times, April 22, 2012 2) In Florida,
44、he vowed to build a colony on the moon by the end of his presidency. The New York Times, April 29, 20123) The Japanese Ministry of Trade and Industry has announced that it is seeking to lower its dependence on Middle East oil to 60 per cent by 1985. The New York Times, July 16, 1967,12. -nesskindnes
45、s 善良friendliness 友好goodness 美德，善良weakness 虚弱darkness 黑暗willingness 愿意,13. -shipfriendship 友谊hardship 艰苦leadership 领导（层）relationship 关系partnership 合作关系dictatorship 专政,2011年6月18日六级作文Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Certificate Craze. You shou
46、ld write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1.现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2.其目的各不相同 3.在我看来,In recent years there has been a craze for certificates on campus. A Shanghai University survey shows approximately 83% of its seniors have certificates of one kind or another.,You might wonder: Whats behi
47、nd the phenomenon? Most students want to have a certificate to enhance their employability. With the competition in the job market getting increasingly fierce, many students fear that they will be at a disadvantage and have a harder time finding a job if they do not have at least one certificate. Ot
48、hers, however, pursue a certificate to fulfill their cherished dream. Consider Rebecca Zhang, 21, a senior at Shanghai University. She has been a lover of English since her girlhood, but somehow was enrolled as a mechanics major. She studied English in her spare time and managed to get a Certificate
49、 in Advanced Interpretation last year.,In my opinion, the present certificate fever will have a negative influence on college students if it gets out of control. After all, what good is a certificate if a student ignores his / her academic courses? (176 words),2011年12月17日六级作文Directions: For this par
50、t, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincolns famous remark, “Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.,The Way to Su
