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1、初中英语词汇教与学,一、词汇教学的现状及存在的问题,（一）单元词汇教学不分主次，不分顺序，平均分配时间， 造成学生词汇记忆负担过重，词汇教学效率低下。（二）词汇教学求深而不求广，导致学生的词汇量难以有效扩展。（三）词汇教学方法单一，缺乏语境，导致学生学得快，忘得也快。（四）词汇教学缺乏学习策略指导，不利于培养学生的独立学习能力。（五）词汇教学重记忆、轻运用，不利于培养学生的语言运用能力。,二、词汇教学攻略,（一）理解词汇教学的内容及意义（二）明确词汇教学的五个特征（三）掌握词汇教学的方法（四）词汇教学的模式,（一）理解词汇教学的内容及意义,新课程标准明确规定了词汇教学的目标和要求：培养学生根据
2、语境或构词法知识推测词义和理解句意的能力。培养学生在阅读时能够准确的掌握同根词或多义词在文中的意思并准确地理解文章。使学生学到规定数量的单词，掌握学习词汇和快速记忆单词的方法。 具体内容包括以下几个方面： 1. 语域2搭配3派生 4语法规则 5意义,What does it mean to know a word?,indi v. 享受，喜欢英文释义： get pleasure from 【词形变化】 名词: enjoyment 动词过去式: enjoyed 动词过去分词: enjoyed 动词现在分词: enjoying 动词第三人称单数: enjoys 副词: enjoyably 形容词:
3、 enjoyable,enjoy,【语法用法】 enjoy后可接名词，代词，反身代词或动名词，但不能接不定式。I enjoy hunting. We enjoyed the holidays.We enjoyed ourselves during the holidays.,【词义辨析】 like, love, prefer, enjoy这些动词都有“喜欢、喜爱”之意。like: 最常用词，往往只表不太强烈的兴趣或关注，不带强烈的感情，除非另加修饰语。love: 不但表示强烈的喜欢，而且含依恋之情，因此多用于能激起深厚情感的人或物。enjoy: 指对能提供感观或智力上满足或快乐的东西表示欣赏或
4、喜爱。prefer: 指有选择性或偏向性的喜欢。,例句与用法：I enjoy singing, much more listening to music.我喜欢唱歌，更不用说听音乐了。Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。How did you enjoy the concert?你喜欢那场音乐会吗？,（二）明确词汇教学的六个特征：,1词句结合，词篇结合，在语境中深化。2以新带旧，以旧学新，温故而知新。3学以致用，学用结合，在运用中掌握。4训练策略，形成习惯，培养自主学习能力。5课内课外并举，拓展词汇学
5、用渠道。6科学记忆，循序渐进，提高词汇学习效率。,（三）掌握词汇教学的方法,1直观法 8、自主探究法2演示法 9、归类记忆法3表演法 10、猜词法4语境法 11、英文解释法5联想法 12、构词法6图解法 13、翻译法7游戏法 14、词典法,直观法1、运用实物,2、运用照片和图片,3、运用简笔画,利用多媒体课件,dinosaur,elephant,koala,dolphin,panda,penguin,How to make a milk shake?,Can you tell me how to make a banana milk shake?,1._2._3._4._5._6._,the
6、bananas. the bananas. the bananas and ice cream into the blender the milk into the blender. the blender. the milk shake.,Peel,Cut up,Put,Pour,Turn on,Drink,2演示法(enough ),例1：I am strong enough to break the branch.Who is strong enough to break the branch? Who isnt strong enough to break it?,演示法,例2：教学
7、How do you make a banana milk shake这一单元的生词时，教师准备了香蕉、牛奶、水果刀、榨汁机等，边说边演示。First, Peel 3 bananas.Then, cut them up.Next, put them into the blender.Next, pour the yogurt into the blender.Next, turn on the blender.Finally, drink it.,peel the banana,Cut up the bananas,Pour the milk into the blender,Turn on
8、the blender,the milk shake,Drink,3表演法,open, close, run, Jump, eat, sleep happy, sad, surprised get on well with each otherget on badly with each other,4语境法,Lazy borrowWater! “我渴，能给我点水吗？”“当心，地上有水”“洪水来啦”,Bright,What a bright sunny day!A bright boy learn fast.Her face was bright with happiness.The gard
9、en is bright with flowers.Be right in the eyes.Bright redBright green Bright yellow,die,Im dying to see you!He is dying of hunger.The flowers are dying.,5联想法,（1）归类联想交通类：bus, car, traffic水果类：beach, pear, cherry食品类：noodle, beef, porridge饮品类：Soda, ice cream, meat文具类：stationery, eraser餐名类：meal, dinner,
10、lunch,（2）近义、反义联想expensivedear easydifficultwarmcool sunnycloudy,（3）上下义联想,（4）词缀联想carecareful, careless, carefullyhappyhappily, unhappy, happiness（5）拆字联想often: of/ten blackboard: black/board（6）语音联想清浊音联想：close kl ous klo uz长短音联想：lead li:d led同音联想：won, one拟音联想：bar, 吧,（7）语义联想desert,camel, sand, strong wi
11、nd, sandstorm, hot, dry, little rain, few plants, vast land, wasteland, small population, beautiful, dangerous, get lost,Light，“电灯”，电灯会发光，所以有“光线”的意思，有了光线就明亮了，从而还有“明亮”的意思。 Change ，嫦娥奔月，改变了她的命运 。Business ，公共汽车里面一只鹅和两条蛇正在谈生意 。Earth ，地球上的人用耳朵听话。 Island ，岛屿是大海中的一片陆地。,（八）趣味联想,6、图解法,on the case,under the c
12、ase,next to the case,behind the case,in the case,Go straight,Turn right,Turn left,（1）倒金字塔帮你排忧解难表示数量的形容词、名词和代词连用图解,（2）表示可能性程度的形容词图示法,（3）图解频度副词的百分比,always usually often sometimes seldom never 100% 90% 60% 30% 1% 0%,（4）at ( in, on) the corner等四组词图解at the corner, in the corner, on the corner,（5）in the t
13、ree, on the tree,（6）代词教学,one,another,the other,some,others,one the other,one another,some the others,7游戏法,close your eyes, put up your hands kick your footclap, shake, wave nod,实例教学一,游戏名称：记单词竞赛教学目的：巩固复习近阶段学过的单词，培养形象思考能力、反应能力和观察力。游戏说明：老师将要考查的单词卡放在讲台上，并将全班分成AB组，每组每次各选派代表到前台抽取一张单词卡。学生代表认出单词后，可以用图画、手势、表
14、情等各种方法来表现一个单词的形象或一个单词的含义，本组学生通过看和听，同时读出该单词，正确者累计得分。,实例教学二,词汇学习：数词教学目的：巩固数词的学习，训练对数词的表达和反应能力游戏说明：将全班分成八组，要老师用纸条写出八组数字，每组派代表到前面抽取一张，不看，交给老师，老师小声读出数字，学生默记在心，然后小声用英语读给本组的下一个学生听，最后一名学生听后，马上跑到黑板上写出那组数字，看谁写得又快又对，累计得分,实例教学三,游戏名称：描述猜词词汇学习：任何实物类词汇教学目的：培养学生解词、猜词能力和协作精神。游戏说明：两人配合做该游戏，通过多媒体播放不同的实物图片，甲生背向屏幕，乙生看图用
15、英文描述该物品，甲生猜测屏幕上显示的是何物。要求乙生不能直接说该物品的名称。,Guess,S1: Is it a noun or a verb?S2: Its a noun.S1: Where can we find it, inside school or outside school?S3: Outside school.S1: What shape is it?S4: Its round.S1: What is it for?S5: It is a kind of food.S1: Western food or Chinese food?S6: Western food.S1: Is
16、it popular here?S7: Yes, quite popular. Most young people like it very much.S1: Is it “hamburger”?S7: Yes, you are right. Its “hamburger,8、自主探究法,（1）自主学习词汇（2）开展词汇的探究性学习 (3)开展词汇的合作学习 S1：graduateS2：Alice graduated from Beijing university 3 years ago.S3：What did he do after he graduated?S4：As a graduate
17、, she often helped some children with their studies.,9、归类记忆法,常用词组归类,动词词组 take a rest take exercise take photostake a bus take me to .Take the third left.take medicine,介词词组： in front of, across from, at home, at school 习惯表达： Here you are. Have a good trip. Can I help you 名词词组：a pair of, a bottle of,
18、a cup of, Chinese food同义词 pencil box-pencil case , cab-taxi, bike-bicycle , mittens-mitts, telephone-phone softly-quietly.反义词 clean-dirty , wet-dry, first-last, go-come , put on take off , loud-quiet, hard-soft ,slow- fast,主题归类,运用头脑风暴,farm,houses,trees,farmers,animals,plants,hills,rivers,Farm tools,
19、apple trees,cows,sheep,chickens,dogs,vegetables,wheat,rice,tractors,What can robots do ?,humans, snake, huge arm, spider,homework,play with me,play football,What can robots look like?,超级链接,Bad,Good,意义归类 adventure,dangerous rough astonishingtiringwild risky excitinguncomfortable,意义归类,意义归类(die),He has
20、 pass away.He is no more.He is no longer with us .His time has come.He is resting in peace.He is sleeping with his fathers.He has gone west.He has none out of this world.He has gone to the better world.,10 、猜词法,通过因果关系猜词,You shouldnt have blamed him for that, for it wasnt his fault All his attempts t
21、o unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.,通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词,.He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother. In the ancient city of Rome , we visited every mansion , church, battle site, theatre and other public halls.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sis
22、ter was quite sedate.,通过构词法猜词 dis-im-un-表否定ful-less-ous-是形容词后缀等。,要求学生掌握一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识。如dis- im- un- 表否定；-ful less ous是形容词后缀等。He has renamed the restaurant “Paradise,通过定义或释义关系来推测词义,定义或释义常用is, or, that is, in other words, be called,或破折号等来表示。 A calendar is a list of the days ,weeks, months of a par
23、ticular year.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.,通过上下文来推测词义,Chicken becomes rotten very quickly. It can go bad in a refrigerator if left there for more than a week.,通过描述猜词,Its very big and heavy. It has a long nose and big ears. What is it?,11、英文解释法,同义词、近义词或反义词解释词,dumbI
24、f you are dumb, you cannot speak. prettybeautiful, dullboring, dangerousnot safe,下定义法,Snake-wild animal, long, soft, legless, dangerous, poison,词汇互释,Lately-if something has happened lately, it has happened recently,12、构词法,（1）合成，即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如：pea(豌豆）nuts（坚果）- peanut（花生） （2）派生，即加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，happy-
25、unhappy（加前缀）happiness（加后缀）,（3）转化 例如： picture (n)画-picture (v)描绘 water (N)水-water（v) 浇水,13、翻译法,翻译法就是将英语单词的意思直接翻译成汉语。翻译法比较适用于那些不便用直观法、表演法和构词法等教学的词汇，尤其是一些专业术语或表示抽象概念的词汇，如basic, challenge, the present perfect tense和the passive voice等。,14、词典法,让学生将一组单词按字母顺序排列，这是查词典的基本能力；用比赛的方式让学生在词典中快速查找单词，以训练他们查词典的能力；要求学生根据上下文快速选择单词的词义，训练他们正确理解文章和准确选择词义的能力。,
