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1、,从句们,Evelyn. W,01,名词性从句,名词性从句分类,主语从句表语从句宾语从句,主语从句,That so many people lose their job is unfair.That she said nothing about it is unbelievable.That his words pleased her is clear.,形式主语,为了避免头重脚轻，that 引导的主从句可以改写为“it is ”的形式That so many people lose their job is unfair.It is unfair that so many people lo
2、se their job. That she said nothing about it is unbelievable.It is unbelievable that that she said nothing about it.That his words pleased her is clear.It is clear that his words pleased her.,练习1-改为“it is”的形式,That we should be late is certain.That he didnt come is a pityThat he is still alive is a w
3、onder.,练习1-改为“it is”的形式,That we should be late is certain.That he didnt come is a pityThat he is still alive is a wonder.答案：It is certain that we should be late .,练习1-改为“it is”的形式,That we should be late is certain.That he didnt come is a pity.That he is still alive is a wonder.答案：It is certain that
4、we should be late .It is a pity that he didnt come.,练习1-改为“it is”的形式,That we should be late is certain.That he didnt come is a pity.That he is still alive is a wonder.答案：It is certain that we should be late .It is a pity that he didnt come.It is a wonder that he is still alive .,表语从句,The question wa
5、s who could go there.Thats why he was late. He is no longer what he used to be.The problem is when the game began.,宾语从句,宾语位置是从句 主语+谓语+宾语从句：We believe that he is honest.I dont know whether hell arrive in time.Please tell me which you like.He asked why he had to go alone.She has got what she wanted.,宾
6、语从句的语序及意义,无论由哪种引导词引导，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，且引导词位于从句句首。Whats Kates e-mail address? Do you know?Do you know what Kates e-mail address is?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗?,练习,-I don t know during the summer vacation. Any advice?-How about doing some part-time jobs?A. What should I doB. Where should I goC. What I should doD. Wher
7、e I should go,Do you know ?Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.A. why did they moveB. why they moved hereC. when did they move hereD. when they moved here,练习,-I don t know during the summer vacation. Any advice?-How about doing some part-time jobs?A. What should I doB. Where should I goC. Wh
8、at I should doD. Where I should go答案:C,Do you know ?Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.A. why did they moveB. why they moved hereC. when did they move hereD. when they moved here答案D,宾语从句的时态,当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可用任何适当的时态。I am writing to say that I am against building a new zoo In our town.I rememb
9、er he gave me a book yesterday.当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句用相应的某种过去时态。One day he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school.He asked me if I had taken his soap.如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。He told me that the earth is round.(真理),宾语从句的引导词,从属连词that、 whether、i引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作成分，that一般可以省略，也没有
10、意义；whether和if意为“是否”，不能省略。连接代词what、who、whom、 whose、which等及连接副词when、 where、how、why等这些引导词除了在从句中起连接作用，还在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定t语、状语等，不能省略.,注意:引导词that用于下列情况时不可以省略(1)当宾语从句的主语是that时。如：He says that is a useful book.(2)当从句前有插入语时。如It says, on the card, that it is made in China.(3)当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如:Our teachers belie
11、ve that if we did that we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies.(4)当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如He said( that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.,-How beautiful your skirt is! Could you please tell me ?-Thanks. I bought it
12、 on Taobao.A. where you bought itB. when you bought itC. why you bought it,-How beautiful your skirt is! Could you please tell me ?-Thanks. I bought it on Taobao.A. where you bought itB. when you bought itC. why you bought it答案:A,-Could you please tell me ?-Sorry, I dont know. You may ask Mr. Black
13、over there.A. who does the robot belong toB. who the robot belongs toC. who did the robot belong toD. who the robot belonged to,-Could you please tell me ?-Sorry, I dont know. You may ask Mr. Black over there.A. who does the robot belong toB. who the robot belongs toC. who did the robot belong toD.
14、who the robot belonged to答案:B,-Could you tell me youll go to Paris?-Next ninth.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. how,-Could you tell me youll go to Paris?-Next ninth.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. how答案: C,否定转移,把从句的否定词放在主句中了，但翻译不变。think 、believe、suppose、expect、imagine 等表示 “认为” 的动词，如果要否定其宾语从句，否定词 not/never 必须转移到主句，Eg
15、:I dont think he will come .我认为他不会来。I dont think we need waste much time on it. 我想我们不必在这上面花太多时间。,翻译句子,我认为那不是真的。我想他不会来的。我想我不要再麻烦你了。,翻译句子,我认为那不是真的。我想他不会来的。我想我不要再麻烦你了。I dont suppose that it is true.,翻译句子,我认为那不是真的。我想他不会来的。我想我不要再麻烦你了。I dont suppose that it is true. I dont imagine that he will come.,翻译句子,
16、我认为那不是真的。我想他不会来的。我想我不要再麻烦你了。I dont suppose that it is true. I dont imagine that he will come. I dont suppose Ill trouble you again.,宾语从句的简化,(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，wish， decide，agree等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如:hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的
17、谓语动词是know， remember， forget， learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:She doesnt know what she should do next= She doesnt know what to do next,(3)当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，each等且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:Will you please show me how I can work it out?Will you please show me how to work it out?(4)宾语从句可以简
18、化为名词或名词短语。如:I dont believe what Tom said.I dont believe Toms words.我不相信汤姆所说的话。,直接引语与间接引语,1.直接引语的特点。被引用的话放在引号内被引用的话是原话，不作任何改动；2.间接引语的特点。在引述谓语和被引用的话语之间不用逗号、冒号、引号等有时态的变化；,时态变化的情况,如果主句为过去的某种时态则间接引语的时态应相应向前推时态，如表所示:,02,形容词性从句,一个句子跟在一个名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定（对词句进行补充、修饰、限定，进而使原句内容更完整），就叫做定语从句定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引
19、导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。,关系代词和关系副词的用法,关系代词(that，who，whom，which)当先行词表示人时,关系代词应用that、who或whom(作宾语)引导。当先行词表示物时,关系代词应用that或 which引导。关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略,作主语时则不可省略。当先行词为 everybody、 anybody、everyone、 anyone等,指人的关系代词用who而不用that。,Its time to say goodbye to my school. Ill never forget the days （ ）we spent together.A
20、. thatB. whatC. whoD. when,Its time to say goodbye to my school. Ill never forget the days （ ）we spent togetherA. thatB. whatC. whoD. when答案:A,whose既可指人也可指物,在从句中作定语,修饰名词。Which is your new neigh bour, Liu Hua?The man ( ) T-shirt is red.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. whose,whose既可指人也可指物,在从句中作定语,修饰名词。Which is
21、 your new neigh bour, Liu Hua?The man ( ) T-shirt is red.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. whose答案:D,关系副词(when, why and where)当引导词在从句中作状语时,应用关系副词。表示时间用when,表示地点用where,表示原因用why。,Yesterday Li Ming went to the village ( ) his family lived ten years ago.A. whenB. whichD. thatC. where,Yesterday Li Ming went to the
22、 village ( ) his family lived ten years ago.A. whenB. whichD. thatC. where答案:C,先行词为 all, everything、 nothing、something, anything, little,much等不定代词或先行词被all、 every、no、some,any、it,much等修饰时,指物的关系代词只能用that。-Now many people smoke and get ill.-So we should do something （ ） can help stop smoking.A. whatB. w
23、hoC. whichD. that,先行词为 all, everything、 nothing、something, anything, little,much等不定代词或先行词被all、 every、no、some,any、it,much等修饰时,指物的关系代词只能用that。-Now many people smoke and get ill.-So we should do something （ ） can help stop smoking.A. whatB. whoC. whichD. that答案:D,先行词被 the only、 the very、 the last、形容词最高
24、级、序数词等词修饰或先行词同时含有指人和指物的词时,关系代词用that。10. This is the best book （ ） I have read.A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. Who,先行词被 the only、 the very、 the last、形容词最高级、序数词等词修饰或先行词同时含有指人和指物的词时,关系代词用that。10. This is the best book （ ） I have read.A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. who答案:A,02,副词性从句,副词性从句-状语从句,时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、
25、方式和比较等从句。,时间状语从句,连接词：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since. 主要时态：主现从不现；主过从过；主将从现。E.g.：When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.(我们的校长边谈边笑。),when, while和as的区别,whe
26、n引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，可以是非延续性动词。While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的As表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作E.g.：When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.Strike while the iron is hot. Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.,由before和after引导的时间状语从句,E.g.:It will be four days before they come back. After we had
27、 finished the work, we went home.,till和until,直到NotuntilI worked until he came back.Please wait until I arrived.I didnt go to bed until (till) my father came back.,since引导的时间状语从句,从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。自从E.g.:I have been in Beijing since you left. Where have you been since I last saw you?,条件状语从句
28、,由引导词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。如有祈使句或情态动词，从句要用现在时态,主将从现原则E.g.：If you ask him,he will help you.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的,原因状语从句,引导原因状语从句的从属连词引导词：because,for, as, since等,because, since,as和for的区别：,because表示直接原因，语气最强，从句多在句尾；since表示已知的、 显然的理由较为正式， 语气比beca
29、use弱，从句可在句首或句尾。As 表示双方已知的原因，从句可在句首或句尾。,We went by bus because it was cheaper.Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.As you are tired, you had better rest.,填空,（ ） you dont trust him, you should not employ him.（ ） it is raining, youd better take a taxi.I do it（ ） I like it.I went to bed early,（ ） I was exhausted.,句子翻译,我们乘公交汽车去，因为这样便宜一些。既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。既然你在这里，你就帮我个忙吧。,作业,完成初中英语语法全练第14章背诵课文,SEE YOU,
