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1、1. He stood there, tired from a whole day of work, thinking of a way to escape from the construction site.2. The news conference, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4. H
2、e keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.,状语,状语,(宾语)补语,定语,定语,宾语,找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）,不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。还可以有自己的宾语和状语构成非谓语短语在句中一起做成分。主要形式：不定式to do doing done,(not) to make,(not)
3、to have made,(not) to be making,(not) to have been making,(not) to be made,(not) to have been made,否定形式: not+-ing的形式, -ing ：(do),过去分词:,done,doing,being done,having done,having been done,2.看“_”上要填的非谓语动词与相关的名或代词（多是主语）的逻辑关系 主谓关系 动宾关系,非谓语动词解题一般思路,1.分析句子成分，看“_”上要填谓语还是非谓语,to write to be written to be writ
4、ing to have written to have been written writing being writtenhaving written having been written written,非谓语动词的比较,作主语的区别 不定式作主语表示具体动作 It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) +ing作主语通常表示抽象动作； Smoking is prohibited here 这里禁止抽烟。(抽象),不定式和+ing,作表语的区别,（1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来动作。W
5、hat I would suggest is to start work at once .His wish is to buy a car in the near future .,(2) 动名词作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为。Our work is serving the people .His hobby is collecting stamps .,(3) 分词作表语. 表示心理状态的动词加上 ing 变成现在分词,译为“令人的”, 加上ed 变成过去分词, 译为“ 感到.”Interesting/interested delighting/delighted exciting/exci
6、ted Disappointing/disappointedTravelling is interesting but tiring . They were very excited at the news,不定式、动名词和分词,3 作宾语,英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式.但有些动词要求 :,A 只能加不定式作宾语的动词: afford agree appear ask attempt beg choose decide demand design desire determine expect fail Happen hope manage plan wish pretend refuse,B
7、 只能加动名词作宾语的动词：admit appreciate avoid consider delay enjoy escape finish imagine keep mind miss permit practise prevent risk suggest stand allow advise forbid need require,C 有些动词后使用动名词和不定式作宾语的意思差别：,forget to do/forget doing stop to do/stop doing remember to do/doing regret to do /doing try to do /doi
8、ng mean to do/doing,D有些动词使用动名词和不定式意思无差别,love， like，hate，prefer，intend，start， continue,不定式和动名词,E 这些常用的词组要求用动名词作宾语,cant help cant stand be worth devote to look forward to stick to be used to object to be busy feel like get down to,3动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较 （1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want，wish，hope，manage，demand，promise
9、，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect等。 We agreed _ here，but so far she hasnt turned up yet（NMET 1995） Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met,C,（2）有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape， excuse，finish，forgive，imagine， keep，mind，miss，practise，resist，
10、risk，suggest，deny等。 The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed_ （MET 1987）Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch I would appreciate_ back this afternoon（MET 1992） Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling,C,C,（3）有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词，意义上无多大区别，如：love， like，hate，prefer，intend，start，
11、 continue等。 I intend to finishfinishing the task this morning,注意问题,1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 1）forget to do forget doing2）stop to do stop doing 3）remember to do remember doing4) regret to do regret doing5）try to do try doing,忘记要去做某事（此事未做）,忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）,停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事,停止正在或经常做的事,记住去做某事（未做）,记
12、得做过某事(已做),对要做的事遗憾,对做过的事遗憾、后悔,努力、企图做某事,试验、试一试某种办法,注意问题,1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 6) mean to do mean doing 7）go on to do go on doing,打算，有意要,意味着,继而（去做另外一件事情）,继续（原先没有做完的事情）,（4）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词，但意义上有区别，如：forget，remember， mean，regret，stop，try等。 The light in the office is still on Oh，I forgot _ （MET 199
13、1） Aturning it off Bturn it off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it offYou were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well，now I regret _ that（NMET 1995） Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhaving done,C,D,做宾补的区别有些使役动词及感官动词后如let, make, have, hear, see, feel,notice, watch,observe等 动词不定式只说明宾语的一
14、个动作,宾语与动词不定式是主动关系 Just then he heard someone sing in the next room.现在分词说明宾语的动作正在进行，宾语与现在分词是主动关系 Then he heard someone singing in the next room.过去分词说明宾语与过去分词是被动关系 He had his bike repaired yesterday. He found his watch stolen.,不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词,作宾补: We saw the teacher_.（做实验） Ive never heard the song _ (
15、用英语唱）,doing the experiment,sung in English,二.考查不定式作定语,动词不定式(短语)作定语时,与其所修饰的 名词有以下几种关系。 1) 同位关系 2) 主谓关系 3)动宾关系,同位关系,不定式所修饰的名词是抽象名词,不定式说明这个名词的内容。这类名词有: chance, way, right, need, decision, hope, wish, reason等e.g: Then they talked about the way to improve it. He is looking for a chance to go abroad. His
16、brother expressed his wish to become a doctor. The black people had no right to share freedom.,主谓关系当被修饰的名词在逻辑上与不定式存在主谓关系,特别 当其前有序数词、形容词最高级或 the only修饰时,常用不定式作定语。 根据汉语填空:John Smith is (唯一知道秘密的人) The director is always (最后一个离开的人) Please take the best (治咳嗽的药),the only man to know the secret.,the last t
17、o leave.,medicine to cure your cough.,动宾关系当被修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上存在动宾关系时，常用不定式作定语，且不定式用主动形式表被动意义。不定式通常修饰have，give，want，need，find等动词的宾语。1) Please give me something . A. to eat B. to be eaten2) He has got a lot of questions . A. to be asked B. to ask3)When I handed the report to John，he said that George was t
18、he person . A. to send B. for sending C. to send it to D. for sending it to,注:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式须有相应的介词。如:1)He is looking for a room to live in. 2)There is nothing to worry about. 3)Please give me a knife to cut with. 上面的不定式短语均可改成:“介词+which /whom不定式”结构。,=He is looking for a room in which to live.,=
19、There is nothing about which to worry.,=Please give me a knife with which to cut.,1.The travel was so tired that he anxious to find a bed . A. to sleep B. to sleep on was C. to be slept on D. sleeping2.Without fact , we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have actual know- ledge our thi
20、nking. A. which to be based on B. upon which to base C. which to base upon D. to which to be based3.Id like to buy an expensive camera. -Well, Tom, we have several models . A. to choose B. to choose from C. for choose D. of choose,4 作定语,不定式作定语。A 不定式与其所修饰的名词是主谓关系。例：He was the last one to leave school
21、 yesterday . The train to arrive was from London .B 不定式与其所修饰的名词是动宾关系。 Get him something to eat . She has a lot of work to do in the morning.C 不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系。这里的介词不能省去。I need a pen to write with . There is nothing to worry about .,不定式、现在分词和过去分词,分词作定语,特点 ：1 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被
22、动含义。 2 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或已完成的 事。,He rushed into the burning house .The child standing over there is my brother .The room facing south is our classroom .He is an advanced teacher .,不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系： 一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。,a frightening/excit
23、ing looka frightened/excited look 区分,跳舞的女孩被毁的房屋下落的树叶落叶,A falling leaf,There is a river around our school（run).The watch now is hers (repair).He is a teacher by all his students (like).America is a country (develop).,running,being repaired,liked,developed,a dancing girl,A fallen leaf,（过去分词表完成）,现在分词表主
24、动,A destroyed house,过去分词表被动,现在分词表进行,做定语的区别不定式表示即将发生的动作, The building _next month is our library.现在分词表示现在发生的动作, The building _now is our library.过去分词表示已经发生的动作. The building _ last year is our library.,不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词,to be built,being built,built,做状语的区别不定式作状语一般表示目的,结果或原因:They stood by the roadside to
25、 talk about the planThe boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelfWe are glad to hear the news. 分词作状语放在句子开头，表示原因时间或条件。分词作状语放在后面一般表示伴随,They stood by the roadside talking about the planNot knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
26、The pop singer came to meet his fans, followed by two body guards .,不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词,分词作状语与主语的关系,Not _what to do, he went to his parents for help . (know) _from the hill, the town looks very beautiful .(see),分词作状语时前面可用连词,When, while, once, if, unless , though等引导的状语从句，若其主语与句子主语相同时，可保留该连接词，其余部分则简化为分词短语
27、。,While walking along the street early in the morning ,he saw her .Once seen ,it will never be forgotten .Even though given every chance ,they would not try .,knowing,Seen,表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 注意不定式作状语放于句首时，不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： To save
28、 money, every means has been tried. To save money, he has tried every means. To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.,2) Since I am a student, I must study hard. Being a student, I must study hard. As we were not satisfied with the result, we decid
29、ed to do the experiment again. Not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again.3) If time permits, I will finish another lesson. Time permitting, I will finish another lesson. If he is allowed, he would eat all the food in the house. If allowed, he would eat all the food in the
30、house.,原因,4)The students went out of the classroom, _（说说笑笑） He entered the room, _ (后面跟着女朋友）,talking and laughing,followed by his girlfriend,因为他病了， 所以他没有上学。 As he was ill, he didnt go to school. = Being ill, he didnt go to school.因为他们希望能够得到你的支持，所以给你写了一封信。 As they hoped to get your support, they wrot
31、e you a letter.= Hoping to get your support, they wrote you a letter.,_more attention，the trees could have grown better（MET 1990） AGiven BTo give CGiving DHaving given,A,非谓语动词常考的其它结构,1 疑问词+不定式结构。疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语。,When to start has not been decided .
32、I dont know what to know .The difficulty was how to cross the river .I can tell you where to get this book .,(主语）,（宾语）,（表语）,（宾语）,有时疑问词前可用介词，如 ：I have no idea of how to do it .,动词不定式的几个重要时态,1 不定式的完成式常在动词appear,happen,pretend,seem等之后体现它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。,I am sorry to have kept you waiting .She se
33、emed to have forgotten her promise .He pretended to have read the book .,2,但在be,wish,intend,mean,plan,hope,expect ,should 或would like等动词之后，则表示没有实现的行为。,He planned to have gone abroad.I hoped to have seen her .I would like to have had your help .The enemy expected to have found him .I intended to have
34、 finished my work last night .We were to have sailed next morning .,他原计划出国。（但他没有去）,我们本定于第二天早上启航,不定式进行式和完成进行式,不定式进行式表示其主要谓语动词所代表的动作发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生；不定式完成进行式表示其动词所代表的动作，在主要谓语动词所代表的动作之前一直在进行。,When he came in ,I happened to be doing my experiment in the lab.They are said to have been quarrelling many y
35、ears.,不定式的被动式：,He wanted the letter to be typed at once .The book is said to have been translated into many languages .,3. 有时“with(without)+名词（或代词宾格）+分词的结构表示伴随状况的独立主格结构。 eg. 1)With his homework finished ahead of time, he began to play computer. 2) He fell asleep with the lamp burning.,非谓语动词中的句型 1）Do
36、ing.+ v. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 2) It is + no use/ good (fun, a great pleasure, awaste of time, .)等名词+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。3)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth 做某事没用 There is no use crying over spilt milk,4)在want, need, require,deserve等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思。例如： My ha
37、ir needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)5)在某些固定结构Generally / Frankly speaking , Judging from / by 中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词 Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I dont like him at all.,_ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.To sleep B. Sle
38、eping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21题,Multiple choice,2._ a letter from her parents, Lily is now looking forward to _ from them.Having not received; hear B. Not received; hearC. Not having received; hearing D. Receiving not; hearing,V/phrases +ing: appreciate; avoid; cant help; consider; enjo
39、y; escape; finish; give up; imagine; insist on; keep(on); mind;miss devote oneself to; pay attention to; be used to; get down to,B,因为主语是the purpose，在（purpose, wish, promise, plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故选B 。,Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my job
40、. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,B,10. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play,11. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.having written B. to be written C. bein
41、g written D. written,12. -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,14.
42、-What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,D,常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：,Would love, meant, hoped, planned, expected, promised, wish等,例如：I meant to have telephoned you, but I forgot.,A,C,该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式， warn sb. not to do sth. w
43、arn sb. against doing sth. 该题应该用结构。两外，not 应放在to之前。,在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice, observe,look at；三使役make,let, have;二听listen to,hear等）须接不带to 的不定式做宾补。,C,1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。,2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.,该题考查过去分词作宾语补
44、足语的用法。The plan 与carry out 的关系是被动关系。See sth.done 这结构常见的还有watch(notice, observe,have 和make)sth. done.,C,4.It happened _ when I got off the bus.to rain B. raining C. to be raining D. rained5. Im glad _ a chance _ your factory.to have given; to visit B. to have been given; to visitC. to give; to visit D
45、. to be given; visiting6.I _to school, only _ that it was a holiday.A. hurry; to find B. hurried; to find C. had hurried; finding D. have hurried; finding,5. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking,6. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the n
46、ext room.A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn,7. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,8. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time. -Thats all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you
47、 know not D. letting not you know,9. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding,10. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play,11. The first textbooks _ for tea
48、ching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,12. -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,13. The boy wanted to ride
49、 his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,14. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,1. _ black and blue, the lady couldnt move.A. Beaten B. Beating C. To be beaten
50、D. To beat2. Most of the men _ to the party were from town.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited3. When I got back, I saw a message _ to the door _ “ Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read4. With a lot of differe
