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1、,The Call of the Wild,彭雪宁 No.8黄裕鑫 No.25潘影红 No.27曹嘉惠 No.30蔡丹榕 No.31黄霞 No.36,Jack London,A realistic writer,Born: January 12, 1876San Francisco, California United States Died: November 22, 1916 (aged 40) Glen Ellen, California United States Occupation :Novelist, journalist, short story writer and essa
2、yist,Life Experiences,Writing Style,Major Works,Life Experiences,1890,1891,child laborer in a cannery (at 14),oyster pirate(at 15),sailor of a sealing schooner(at 17),1893,1895,jailed for vagrancy,finished high school(at 19),University of California(at 20),1896,1897,Klondike Gold Rush(at 21),writer,
3、reporter,The Son of the Wolf(1900),1916,died from a gastrointestinal of uremia (尿毒症)though it was widely supposed that he committed suicide.(at 40),Writing Style,He was fascinated by the way violence tested and refined human character. Without much stylistic and formal refinement and subtlety of cha
4、racterization, Londons fiction has the unusual and intriguing power of ancient myth.Although his work can never be classed rough realism, he will always be remembered as the originator of a new type of writing called rough realism.Forceful, and colorful; Subjectivity and enthusiasmHis characterizati
5、ons were often stiff and his dialogue stereotyped.Themes: primitive violence, Anglo-Saxon supremacy, biological evolution, class warfare, and mechanistic determinism.,Writing Style,Major Works,Major Works,The People of the Abyss(1903) 深渊中的人们 The Call of the Wild(1903) 野性的呼唤 The Sea Wolf(1904) 海狼 Whi
6、te Fang(1906) 白牙 Love of Life (1907) 热爱生命The Iron Heel(1908) 铁蹄 Martin Eden(1909) 马丁.伊登 The Valley of the Moon(1912) 月谷 The Star Rover(1915) 星游人 The Little Lady of the Big House(1916)大屋里的小妇人,Wolf House,特怀曼L托尔利在狼的智慧中对狼有很好的描述及概括。 狼是陆地上生物最高的食物链终结者之一，群居动物中最有秩序，纪律的族群。由于有狼的存在，其他野生动物才得以淘汰老弱残的不良族群；也因为有狼的威胁存
7、在，其它野生动物才被迫进化得更优秀，以免被狼淘汰；也因为有狼非常强的生存能力，适应能力。,Background,Presenter: 彭雪宁 8号,The Call of the Wild: Background,Background knowledge,A gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold. the 19th century Australia、 Brazil 、Canada
8、、South Africa、the United States,Klondike River,The Call of the Wild: Background,In August 1896, gold was discovered in Rabbit Creek in the Yukon Territory of western Canada.,The Call of the Wild: Background,When news of the find reached the United States, the Klondike gold rush was on.,The Call of t
9、he Wild: Background,The gold prospectors, known as “Klondikers,” faced harsh conditions:,temperatures 40 degrees below zero,starvation and malnutrition,long journeys on foot,hundreds of pounds of supplies to transport,About 100,000 people started out in hopes of reaching the Klondike River and findi
10、ng gold.,Of these, only about 30,000 completed the trip. The rest either stopped somewhere along the way, turned around, or died.,The Call of the Wild: Background,The Call of the Wild: Background,The indigenous people of Alaska and Canada began using sled dogs more than 1,000 years ago.,They depende
11、d on these dogs for,protection,transportation,hunting,companionship,The Call of the Wild: Background,In the late 1800s, settlers and explorers started using the dogs to help them explore remote areas, deliver mail, and look for gold.,The Call of the Wild: Background,They have a protective outercoat
12、and an insulating undercoat, that helps them tolerate temperatures as low as 70F.,The Call of the Wild: Background,Certain purebred dogs are commonly used as sled dogs.,Alaskan malamutes,Siberian huskies,Samoyeds,The Call of the Wild: Background,In this harsh and hostile environment like the Yukon T
13、erritory,survival is the ultimate challenge.,The Call of the Wild: Background,If strength, courage, and adaptability are the keys to survival,then our hero, Buck, stands a pretty good chance.,Plot,Presenter: 黄裕鑫 25号,Character Analysis,Presenter: 潘影红 27号,Dave:anexperiencedwheeler,nippedBuckshindquart
14、erswheneverhewasinerror.,Spitz: theleader of the dogs, an experienced wheeler,healways fierce to his companions, but he couldnotalwaysgetatBuck. Finally, he was killed by Buck.,Parrault and Francois, They are Bucks second owners., Stern and demanding instantobedience, The law of club and tooth 木棒和犬牙
15、法则,Hal, Charles and Mercedes, Hal and Charles: foolish and callow, Mercedes: spoiled and sentimental, Poor plan, a seasoned gold prospector,John Thornton, having a deep, abiding and reciprocal love blossoms between man and dog,Buck- the main character, Full of fighting spirit - the survival of the f
16、ittest., The vicious and cunning rulers, Love, loyalty to his owner,The call of the wild,Any opinion is appreciated.,Speak out your thinking.,He did not steal for joy of it, but because of the clamor of his stomach. He did not rob openly , but stole secretly and cunningly , out of respect for club a
17、nd fang. In short ,the things he did were done because it was easier to de them than not to do them.他偷东西不是为了从中得到乐趣，而是因为肚子太饿。他不明目张胆地去抢，而是耍点小手腕去偷，这是考虑到木棒和利齿所致。简言之，他之所以这么做是因为做比不做更容易些。, Full of fighting spirit - the survival of the fittest.,He was preeminently cunning, and could bide his time with a pat
18、ience that nothing less than primitive.他是头等的狡猾，并且能够用他天生就有的的那种忍耐等待时机, The vicious and cunning rulers,Livinginthedogteam,Buckdidnotwanttobepatientforalongtimeunderanothermansdomination.Whenhewasbeatbythemaninred,healreadyrealizedtheimportanceofpower.Sincethen,heneverforgotthedesiretowintheleadershipof
19、Spitz.Afterfulldeliberationandpreparation,hekilledSpitzinthebattle,andfinallycapturedtheleaderposition”, Full of fighting spirit - the survival of the fittest.,Thus, as token of what a puppet thing life is, the ancient song surged through him and he came into his own again.于是，生命是个任人摆布的傀儡，古老的歌曲在他心中回荡
20、，他重新找回了自我。,The call of the wild,Theme,Presenter:曹嘉惠 30号,a return to primitivism,survival of the strongest,a reflection of society,1,2,3,Theme,a return to primitivism,Old longings nomadic leap, Chafing at customs chain; Again from its brumal sleep; Wakens the ferine strain. 古老荒野的欲望在升腾， 挣脱着习俗的束缚, 再一次从
21、它冬日的长眠中, 唤醒野性不驯的旋律。,Buck released his innate characteristics and returned toprimitivism for the long-term maltreatment from his masters.,The novel describes the harsh environment in the north of America in most of the plot, which lays the groundwork for Bucks return to primitivism.,a return to primi
22、tivism,survival of the strongest,Survival of the fittest,the super dog image of Buck,Survival of the fittest,The author places Buck in conflict with humans, in conflict with the other dogs, and in conflict with environment-all of which he must challenge, survive, and conquer.,(Herbert Spencers Socia
23、l Darwinism & Darwins concept ),a. in conflict with humans,On the way to the North, Buck met many his owners who hit him with a club. And its useless to fight them who had a club in their hands. in a world where the club and the fangare law, where the law of the pack rules and a week dog can be torn
24、 to pieces by pack members. That survival by whatever means is paramount.,b. in conflict with other dogs,Buck fought against the hungry huskies and a lead-dog called Sptiz in his pack. Buck called on his atavistic hereditary traits to survive so he must learn to be wild to become wild.,His first try
25、 to steal food without suspicion. He did not rob openly, but stole secretly and cunningly, out of respect for club and fang. Author : This first theft marked Buck as fit to survive in the hostile Northland environment. It marked his adaptability, his capacity to adjust himself to changing conditions
26、, the lack of which would have meant swift and terrible death. He was fit, that was all, and unconsciously he accommodated himself to the new mode of life.,b. in conflict with other dogs,He learnt to break the ice on water holes with his feet when he wanted to drink.He learnt to how to warm himself.
27、,c. in conflict with environment,predominance in strengthlearning the law of club and fang faster than his peersaving thornton out of the riptide with his courage and great energymoving a thousand pounds sleds,the super dog image of Buck,(Nietzsches Superman Philosophy),To some extent, the novel wro
28、te the real history of Klondike Gold Rush in America.The author gave Buck human traits: wisdom, loyalty, bravery, well-adapted, ect.,a reflection of society,Conclusion,The veneer of civilization is thin and fragile，and it exposes the brutality at the core of humanity and the ease with which humans r
29、evert to a state of primitivism.,Artistic Feature,Presenter:黄霞 36号,The most important artistic technique is symbolism（象征）,Bucks experience,宠物狗（live in Miller estate comfortably）雪橇狗 (tough life) 魔狗（return to the wild ）,巴克形象的塑造中使人性和狗性得到了统一。巴克的人性寓于狗性之中，狗性中体现着人性。巴克是一条狗，也是人类社会中的人。作者用这种讽喻和影射的艺术手法来揭示当时美国现实社会的本质。,人即是狗，狗即是人,
