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1、,“假朋友”的识别何谓“假朋友”？false friend, 即“看似相同，实则有别”的假词义相符词语“假朋友”产生的类型因字面意义机械对应产生的；1)字面意义虽相同，但指称意义有别而产生的；2)指称意义虽相同，但蕴涵意义有别而产生的；,一 、词形结构相同，但指称意义有别dry goods （美）纺织品；（英）谷物（不是 “干货”）mad doctor 精神病科医生（不是“发疯的医生”）sweet water 淡水（不是“糖水”或“甜水”）service station 加油站（不是“服务站”） dressing room 化妆室（不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”）capital idea 好主意（
2、不是“资本主义思想”）familiar talk 庸俗的交谈（不是“熟悉的谈话”）black art 妖术（不是“黑色艺术”）,1boot fair2paper money3oil skin4pull ones leg5look out6eat ones words7wear a green bonnet8goody-goody,1卖二手货 2 纸币3 防水油布4愚弄某人5小心6承认自己说错话7破产8假正经的人,“假朋友”举例密码 secret code password口水 mouth water saliva手机 hand phone mobile phone救火 to save a fi
3、re to fight a fire洗牌 to wash the playing cards to shuffle the playing cards大片 big movie blockbuster早恋 early love puppy love青春痘 youth spot acne蝴蝶结 butterfly knot bow长镜头 long lens zoom lens方便面 convenient noodles instant noodles,牛仔裤 cowboy trousers jeans不冻港 non-freezing port ice-free port隐形眼睛 invisible
4、 glasses contact lenses课堂测验 classroom exam pop-quiz流动资金 circulating funds working capital拳头产品 fist product knockout product新闻自由 freedom of News freedom of Press买一赠一 Buy one, present one. Buy one, get one free. 宰客 swindle money from customers自学 self study self taught寒衣 cold clothes warm clothes（电脑）死机
5、 dead computer system halted 彩票 color ticket lottery吃食堂 eat canteen eat in the canteen听电话 listen to the phone answer the telephone,太平门 emergency exit三角债 chain debts扣帽子 put a label on 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age赢得市场 gain a larger share of the market取得成就 attain achievements学习知识
6、acquire knowledge文化程度 educational level社会工作 community work定向培训 training for specific posts抓紧时间 make the best use of ones time民族委员会 ethnic affairs commission提高英语水平 improve ones English,二、词形结构和指称意义相同，但蕴涵 意义有别1 农民 - peasant/farmer2热点 - hot spot/ a popular investment spot3宣传 - propaganda/publicize4价廉物美-
7、 cheap and good/economical and good,练习：1 小炒2 大人3白酒4红酒5宰客6彩票7削笔刀8复习考试,词义空缺与英译策略 一、概念“词义空缺”：词汇意义往往带有独特的民族性，“不同的文化用不同的语义范畴分解和描述世界。因此，一种文化里有的语义在另一种语言里可能就不存在。”这种现象被称为词义空缺。 二、应对策略1音译法2意译法3直译法4加注法,1音译法 功夫 Kong Fu 太极 Taichi 风水 Feng Shui阴阳 the Yin-yang磕头 kowtow长衫 cheongsam馄饨 wonton豆腐 tofu杂碎 chop suey饺子 jiaoz
8、i荔枝 litchi,2意译法 皮蛋 preserved egg 元宵 sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour粽子 a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves探花 title conferred on the one who won third place in the highest imperia examination in the Ming and Qing dynasties 拜堂 perform the marri
9、age ceremony 盲流 jobless migrants from rural areas to cities,3直译法号脉 feel the pulse京剧 Beijing Opera龙舟 dragon boat春节 Spring Festival春卷 spring roll八宝菜 eight-treasure pickles希望工程 Hope Project思想改造 ideological remoulding 一国两制 one country, two systems文化大革命 Cultural Revolution四个现代化 four modernizations,4加注法碑帖
10、 a rubbing from a stone description (usually as a model for calligraphy)散手 Sanshou(Chinese boxing )围棋 weiqi (a game played with black and white pieces on a board of 361 crosses)秀才 Xiucai,one who passed the imperial examination at the country level in the Ming and Qing dynasties 九州 Jiuzhou a poetic n
11、ame for China牛郎织女 the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver-two figures in an ancient Chinese fairy tale,练习1 胡同2普通话3乒乓4剪纸5长征6北京烤鸭,7 练摊8 砚台9牛郎织女10东郭先生,成语的英译策略,。成语的翻译,成语是人们长期沿袭使用的、结构基本固定的短语或短句。成语多以四字组成，具有言简意赅、形象生动、表现力强等特点。 四字格又称四字结构，在汉语表达中使用频率极高。,翻译汉语成语的基本方法,汉语成语英译可采用：直译法意译法直译兼意译法套译法直译加注法省略法,1.直译法,直译是在不违背译文语言规范
12、以及不引起译文读者错误理解的情况下，在译文中保留原文成语的形象、修辞手段和民族特色。,成语直译的例子 A.人固有一死，有的重于泰山，有 的轻于鸿毛。Everyone must die. But ones death might be weightier than Mount Tai or lighter than a goose feather.,B.旁边一人鼓掌大笑道：“此事易如反掌，何必多议！”（三国演义）Then one of those about him suddenly clapped his hands , crying ,” Its a easy as turning over
13、 ones hand! Why so much talk!(Tr.C.H.Brewitt-Tayler),C. 不可救药：beyond cure 老生常谈：to tell an old story 木已成舟：whats done is done 杞人忧天：meet trouble halfway 口是心非: say yes and mean no 自吹自擂：blow ones own horn,只要直译后不拖泥带水，不以辞害义，又不涉及汉民族特有的思维方式或事物的成语，都可以考虑直译。,2.意译 有些成语的比喻形象是译文读者所不能接受的,这时采用意译。,A.不要胡思乱想,一切都会好起来的。Do
14、nt labour yourself with groundless anxieties. Everything will be all rightB.这两个队旗鼓相当，比赛中比分交替上升。The two team are well-matched ,and the score seesawed all the time,C.三教九流:people in various trades 毛遂自荐:volunteer ones service 一诺千金:a promise that will be kept 两袖清风:remain uncorrupted 门庭如市:a much visited h
15、ouse 守株待兔:wait for gains without pains,3.直译兼意译在很多情况下，汉语四字词组只能部分直译，部分意译，这叫直意参半法。这样做既可保留原文形象又能使译文畅达。,A.王冕一路上风餐露宿，九十里大站，七十里小站。一径来到山东济南府地方 Braving the wind and dew ,Wang Mien traveled day after day past posting stations large ad small till he came to the city of Tsinan“风餐露宿”译为braving the wind and dew ,
16、其中,wind and dew 为直译，brave为意译，既保留了原文的形象，又符合英语习惯。,B.杀人如麻：kill people like flies 天罗地网：nets above and snares below 桑榆暮景：the evening of ones life 如雷贯耳： reverberate like thunder,4.套译法 套用译语中某个与汉语成语喻义 相近的成语来进行翻译的方法,A.只有大胆地破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，也许还有翻身的一天。 All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope t
17、hat one day youll come out on top.,血浓于水:blood is thicker than water 静水流深:still water runs deep 隔墙有耳:walls have ears 浑水摸鱼:to fish in troubled water,2.难怪他数学那么好，他父母都是数学教 授 “ 龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠生儿打地洞 ”嘛。,No wonder he is so good at math-his parents are professors of math. “ ,” indeed.,Like father, like son,B. 1.这
18、实在是叫做“天有不测风云”，她的男人是坚实人，谁知道年纪青青，就会断送在伤寒上(祝福) It was really . Her husband was so strong, nobody could have expected that he would die of typhoid fever.,a bolt from the blue,5.加注法 在译文中添加读者理解成语所需的 文化信息和背景知识，其特点在于既能保留成语的比喻形象和文化蕴含，又能确保译文容易为译语读者所理解接受。,A.“难道这也是个痴丫头，又像颦儿来葬花不成？”因又自笑道：“若真也葬花，可谓东施效颦了；不但不为新奇，而且更
19、是可厌”。Can this be another absurd maid come to bury flowers like Daiyu? he wondered in some amusement. If so, shes Dongshi immitating Xishi, (Xishi was a famous beauty in the ancient kingdom of Yue. Dongshi was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her way) which isnt original but rather tiresome.（曹雪芹红楼梦，
20、杨宪益、戴乃迭译）B.你这是在班门弄斧. Youre showing off your proficiency with axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.,6.省略法省略法主要用于翻译并列结构式的四字词组：1）四字对偶词组（前后两部分意译相近）。如：狼吞虎咽 ； 经久耐用2）四字重叠词组（追求音韵美的重叠结构）如：鬼鬼祟祟； 慌里慌张3）有时出于上下文或行文上的考虑，也需省略。,A. 我厂生产的鞋子款式新颖，规格齐全，以工艺精良、经久耐用深受广大消费者的好评。 Apart from being fashionable in style and ri
21、ch in variety ,shoes produced by our factory also find favor in consumers eyes for the exquisite workmanship and extraordinary durability.,B. 踉踉跄跄 : stagger 同心同德: with one mind 狼吞虎咽： wolf something down,C.在长期的革命历程中，各民主党派与中国共产党同呼吸共命运。 In the protracted process of the Chinese revolution, the various d
22、emocratic parties shared a common fate with the Chinese Communist Party.,赏析：,天长地久as old as the hills胆小如鼠as timid as a hare泰然自若as cool as a cucumber水中捞月to fish in the air鸡皮疙瘩goose-flesh轻如鸿毛as light as a feather艳如桃李as red as rose 物以类聚Birds of a feather flock together挥金如土to spend money like water,瓮中之鳖a
23、 rat in a hole扬眉吐气to hold ones head high一针见血to touch one on the raw不翼而飞to take wings to itself小题大做to make mountains out of molehills山穷水尽at the end of ones rope冷若冰霜as cold as a marble半斤八两six of one and half a dozen of the other胸有成竹to have a card up ones sleeve孤注一掷to put all ones eggs in one basket纸上谈兵armchair strategy白费唇舌to speak to the wind同行相嫉Two of a trade can never agree一文不名without a penny to ones name,THANKYOU!,
