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1、中考英语作文指导 黄志林,中考作文要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能： （1）准确使用语法和词汇； （2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。要求考生根据提示写一篇80词左右的英语作文。提示或图表、或图文皆有。,写好英语作文至少要注意以下五个方面： 1、文章的组织：包括叙述的顺序、各句之间的逻辑关系、过渡词的正确使用及格式的规范。叙述的顺序一般是由总体到具体或者按照时间顺序而定。为使文章主体突出、行文流畅，应注意上下文的逻辑关系的确定和过渡词的恰当使用，这对提高整篇文章的档次至关重要。 2、句子的结构：一般来说，中考书面表达的篇幅大约是10句，其中多数是简单句，少数复合句。建
2、议使用十句作文法训练。 3、意义的表达：主要指用词妥当、句型正确和具有一定的变通技巧。当同时可以用多种句型来表达一个意思是，考生应当选择自己熟悉的、有把握的句型。,写好英语作文至少要注意以下五个方面： 4、词的正确使用：包括词性的正确使用、动词的各种变化形式的规范、名词的单复数的使用等。其中动词尤为重要，动词形式的错误比其他词类形式的错误的扣分要重。 5、内容的完整：一般供料作文包括一定数量的内容点，漏写某一点则要被扣掉23分，因此审题要细心观察，特别是在做看图作文题时，要注意某些夸张“画点”，它（们）常是暗示应当写出的内容点。画面内容较多时，不要事无巨细，全面开花，应当仅仅围绕主题。恰当取舍
3、，做到详略得当。此外，80词左右的英语作文至少需70词，最多不能超过90词，少词或多词则要扣分。,英语写作中流行的十句作文法是由专家总结一种高分作文方法，考生在经过短期训练之后便可较大程度地提高作文成绩。需要指出的是：所谓十句作文并非一定是10句，很多考生的高分作文（80字以下）的句子数量都在8至10句之间（以句子长短和结构不同而变化）。如按每个句子平均812个单词计算，用710个句子便能完成一篇要求在80词左右的作文。其基本模式为：,十句作文法,第二段（正文）,主题句,扩展句,（要视内容而决定扩 展句 的多少）,扩展句,扩展句,扩展句,扩展句,扩展句,第三段（结尾）,第一段（开头）,主题句,
4、扩展句, 结尾句,第一段为开头，包括两句。第一句为主题句，提出问题并通过问题点明全文主体；第二句为扩展句，进一步说明和支持主题句。另外，也可将两句顺序倒过来，由第一句说明情况，第二句提出问题。 第二段为正文，共七句。第一句为主题句，提出本段的主体，它应与第一段的主体相一致。第二句至第七句为扩展句，说明和支持本段的主体。句与句之间要注意运用好过渡词，以使行文流畅。 第三段为结尾，简化为一句，是对全文的总结，并说明作者自己的观点。 三段之间的衔接要灵活运用“启、承、转、合”的过渡手段。,根据下面表格所提供的信息，写一则通知，告诉你的同学关于你们郊游的计划。,要求：、词数：个词左右；题目及文章的 开
5、头已给出，但不算在词数内。、表格中所列内容必须都用上，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 、不要使用真实姓名及所在学校名称， 否则答案作废。,Notice Good morning, everyone! Ill tell you a piece of good news. We are planning an outing. _,Good morning, everyone! Now Ill tell you a piece of good news.(主题句) We are planning an outing. (主题句) We are going to the Peoples Park by
6、bus on July 10th, Sunday. (扩展句) Well leave at 7:00 a.m. at the school gate and arrive there at 8:30 a.m. in the morning. (扩展句) Then you can go boating and swimming. (扩展句) Lets have lunch in a restaurant and join the English corner in the afternoon. (扩展句) If you would like to take photos, youd better
7、 take a camera. (扩展句) The time to return is 4:30 p.m. (扩展句) Please get ready for the outing. (扩展句) Wish all of us have a good time. (结尾句),点评：,本文是仿照十句作文法而写的一篇优秀考场作文。文章围绕“Notice”这一主题展开，把表格所提供的信息陈述清楚，要点齐全。文章中语句简练，语句变化多样，有简单句、并列句和复合句，也用上了祈使句，过渡自然，结尾表明作者自己对这次郊游活动的祝愿，增强了感染力。,你叫林海（英文名叫Joe），你的朋友John发给你的电子邮件
8、中提到了关于学校准备开办英语学习班的消息，你对此事很感兴趣，请给John回一封邮件，询问有关英语学习班的详情。邮件的要点如下：1对英语学习班很感兴趣。2希望可以练习英语，结识朋友。3问英语学习班的上课时间、地点、内容以及费用。注意：1邮件要通顺、连贯。2词数80左右，邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计人总词数。3不能在答卷上透露个人的任何信息（例如具体的学校和姓名等），否则答案作废。,Dear John, Thanks very much for the information about the English evening class.(主题句) It sounds very inter
9、esting to me. (扩展句) You know I want to practise my English and make some new friends. (扩展句) I think this English evening class will be helpful to me. (扩展句) Could you please tell me a little more about the class? (扩展句) When does it begin and how much does it cost? (扩展句) Where will the class be held?
10、(扩展句) Also, do you have any more information about what we will do in class? (扩展句) Im looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. (结尾句) Yours Joe,中考的“书面表达”，其实就是要求考生根据提供的情景写几句话。目前，提供情境的方式也就是文字说明和图画两种。我们考生的任务就是根据情境，把考题要求用几个意思连贯的句子表达出来。,一、掌握哪些基本句型？,英语句子看上去纷繁复杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句型。这五个基本句型可以演变出多种
11、复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句型生成的。熟悉并掌握这五个基本句型并掌握它的变式，再根据需要加上适当的定语或状语，我们写出的句子不仅可以表情达意，而且还会符合语言规范，生动活泼。例如：,1. We eat.（主语谓语）2. He was a tall thin man.（主语系动词表语）3. I have bought some chocolate for you.（主语谓语宾语）4. Mr Huang taught us English.（主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语）5. He could make his lessons lively and interesting
12、.（主语谓语宾语宾语补足语） 这些都是我们非常熟悉的常见简单句。仔细分析一下，我们不难得出相应的5种主要句型。,1. S十V “主语谓语”结构2. S十V十P “主语系动词表语”结构3. S十V十O “主语谓语宾语”结构4. S十V十O1十O2 “主语谓语双宾语” 结构5. S十V十O十C “主语谓语宾语宾 语补足语”结构,Good morning, everyone! Now Ill tell you a piece of good news.(主题句) We are planning an outing. (主题句) We are going to the Peoples Park by
13、bus on July 10th, Sunday. (扩展句) Well leave at 7:00 a.m. at the school gate and arrive there at 8:30 a.m. in the morning. (扩展句) Then you can go boating and swimming. (扩展句) Lets have lunch in a restaurant and join the English corner in the afternoon. (扩展句) If you would like to take photos, youd better
14、 take a camera. (扩展句) The time to return is 4:30 p.m. (扩展句) Please get ready for the outing. (扩展句) Wish all of us have a good time. (结尾句),Dear John, Thanks very much for the information about the English evening class.(主题句) It sounds very interesting to me. (扩展句) You know I want to practise my Engli
15、sh and make some new friends. (扩展句) I think this English evening class will be helpful to me. (扩展句) Could you please tell me a little more about the class? (扩展句) When does it begin and how much does it cost? (扩展句) Where will the class be held? (扩展句) Also, do you have any more information about what
16、we will do in class? (扩展句) Im looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. (结尾句) Yours Joe,掌握了这 5 种基本句型就能基本满足我们在日常生活中的交际要求，陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、被动语态、强调结构、it 作引导词或形式主语的结构等等也都是由他们演变而来。如果掌握得熟练，对中考书面表达的要求就能应付自如。,二、运用5种基本句型应注意什么？,句型1、 S 十 V （主语谓语）,在这种句型中，除了谓语动词是不及物动词外，我们要注意掌握这个句型的变式：有时有附加成分，有时没有附加成分。有
17、时还需要倒装，有时还要用it作形式主语。在口笔头表达时，我们要根据要求，灵活使用。如：,The sun was shining. （没有附加成分）,He was running fast.（有附加成分）,He went away. （有附加成分）,We stood still in a line.（有附加成分）,We went running to meet the guests. （有附加成分）,We walked (for) five miles. （有附加成分）,We waited (for) half an hour.,We live in Panyu. （有附加成分）,We are
18、going to meet at the school gate. （有附加成分）,Here comes the bus.（倒装）,句型2. S十V十P “主语系动词表语”,在这个句型结构中，联系动词是不能独立作谓语的，它必须和表语一起使用，用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、情绪和状态等。使用这个句型，一是要注意联系动词V，二是要注意表语的多样性。 联系动词（V），除BE动词外，还有不少动词可以作为联系动词用。以下几类动词均可作为联系动词使用：,1. seem, appear 等表示“似乎”、“好像”等意思的动词；2. look, taste, smell, sound, feel等表示五官感觉
19、的动词；3. remain, keep等表示“维持，保持”等意思的动词；4. become, grow, turn, get, go, come, run, fall等表示“变化、发展”等意思的动词；5. 一些固定搭配。如：marry young / old, make sure / certain, sit straight / still, blow open等。,所谓表语的多样性，意思是这些动词后的作表语词类和结构等形式是多种多样的。现结合联系动词举例说明。The talk was over.The boys were about the same age.It is time to g
20、o to the park with my classmates.It is very nice (for me) to sit / sitting here with you. It seemed (to me) that everyone was really interested in the trip.,The baby seemed to be asleep.You sound surprised.How did they become friends?He kept quiet.The river has run dry.The meat has gone bad.The leav
21、es are turning brown.One of the tigers broke loose.She married old.,句型3. S十V十O “主语谓语宾语”,首先，我们必须明白，这里的V与前面两个句型中的V不同，它是个及物动词，必须带宾语O；最重要的是这个句型中的谓语动词，它对后面的宾语有一些特殊的要求。1谓语后面直接用名词或代词作宾语。如： We answered the foreign guests many questions in English. Our class visited a factory last Sunday. The American guests
22、 have blue eyes.,2. 谓语动词要求动词不定式作宾语。我们学过的这些动词有：continue, decide, hope, learn, plan, want, agree, promise, trouble, start, begin, would like, wish等等。如：He wanted to have a rest.We agreed to have a talk about it.Would you like to have a look around our city?,3. 谓语动词要求用动名词作宾语。如：continue, hate, love, star
23、t, begin, enjoy, like, dislike, preferto, 以及need, want作实意动词表示“需要”，后面跟动名词。如：,I love eating apples.She lives listening to light music.They started learning English three years ago.My bike needs mending.,4谓语动词后面既可以用不定式，也可以用动名词作宾语。如：like, begin, start, love, hate 等等。如：She likes swimming.He began talking
24、 about his country.I love walking to schools.,但是，如果begin, start 后面的是正在进行的动作，一般用动词不定式作宾语。如：It began to rain. 有些动词后面可以跟动名词，也可以跟不定式，但是意思不同，有的在语法上已经不是宾语。如：remember, forget, stop等。,请比较：Please remember to wake me up at six in the morning. I remembered meeting him before.He forgot to bring an umbrella with
25、 him.He forgot returning the book to the library.We were tired so we stopped to have a rest at the foot of the hill.I stopped having a look at the beautiful garden.,5. 有时，根据表达需要，谓语动词后面要跟“疑问代词动词不定式”或从句作宾语。如：ask, know, see, tell, decide, think, learn等等。I dont know who to go to for advice (who I should
26、 go).You must learn when to give advice and when to be silent (when you should ) .I will ask / find out when the train leaves.I think that he is our new teacher.,句型4. S十V十O1十O2 “主语谓语双宾语”,英语中有的动词要跟双宾语，一个是直接宾语，一个是间接宾语。这个句型中，双宾语同样是由谓语动词决定的。跟双宾语的动词有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, leave, hand, tell
27、, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach以及make,buy, do, get, play, save, sing, find等两大类。后面的宾语可以是名词或代词，也可以是从句。间接宾语有时可以改写城一个由to或for引导的短语，意思不变。,He told us that the road was wet.Have they paid you the money?I will read you the letter.Could you lend me your computer?We give the classroom a good cl
28、eaning very weekend.Will you give me a hand?He passed the dictionary to me.My mother bought a present for me.,句型5. S十V十O十C “主语谓语宾语宾语补足语”,“宾语宾语补足语”主要有四种类型：名词（代词） 不定式；名词（代词） 分词；名词（代词） 名词(仅限于find, make, call, consider 等动词)；名词（代词） 形容词(仅限于find, keep, make, leave, like, regard, see等动词)。例如：,I will let you
29、know as soon as I hear from her.The teacher asked us to work hard at our lessons after class.The foreigner said that he found us speaking very good English.When we got there, we found the park crowded with people.He kept it a secret until he had succeeded.We made him our monitor.What do we call this plant in English?We must keep the room clean.Lets get everything ready in time.The news made us very angry.,综观以上5种句型,我们可以看出, 在表达的内容决定了之后，决定句型的核心成分就是动词。动词往往决定着我们该用的句型，决定着它后面的表语和宾语的形式。因此，在练习书面表达时，我们有必要以这5种基本句型为主线，以提高表达能力为目标，以动词的掌握和使用为重点，进行分项专题练习，熟练掌握以上5种基本句型，期望在中考中取得好成绩。,Thanks for your attention.,
