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1、专题十一 动词的语态,1.概念：英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者，理解为“被” 。被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必要指出动作的执行者，只强调突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。2.分类：初中阶段主要掌握三种时态的被动语态，一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。,考点归纳,考点一：一般现在时的被动语态1.肯定结构：am / is / are+过去分词；否定结构：am not / isnt / arent+过去分词；一般疑问句把am / is / are放到句首。如：The t
2、oy is made in China. 这玩具由中国制造。 I am not allowed to drive, because Im not old enough. 我不被允许开车，因为我年龄不够。 Are you told to start at once? 你们被告知立刻开始吗？,考点梳理,1.When you a difficult task, try to continue with it and finish it. (2015沈阳市) A. give B. are giving C. gave D. are given2. Every day, too much water i
3、n our school. We should save it. (2015黔南布依族苗族自治州) A. is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted,考点自测,D,A,3. Can Mr. King spare some time for the charity show? If he , he will try his best to make it. (2015盐城市) A. will be invited B. is invited C. invites D. invited4. Chinese by more and more people
4、around the world. (2016南充市) A. is spoken B. spoke C. are spoken D. speaks,考点自测,B,A,考点二：一般过去时的被动语态1.肯定结构：was / were+过去分词；否定结构：wasnt / werent+过去分词；一般疑问句把was / were放到句首。如：The school was built 100 years ago. 这所学校是100年前建造的。 He wasnt invited to the party. Were you invited? 他没有被邀请去聚会。你被邀请了吗？,考点梳理,1. Footba
5、ll to our school subjects last year. (2016陕西省) A. is added B. adds C. was added D. added2. The new film The Left Ear by Su Youpeng a few months ago, who is also a famous singer. (2015镇江市) A. is directed B. was directed C. directed D. directs,考点自测,C,B,3. Everybody deeply after they heard the story. (
6、2015河北省) A. moves B. moved C. is moved D. was moved4. Over $30,000 for a childrens hospital by a British girl several months ago. (2015上海市） A. is raised B. was raised C. will be raised D. has been raised,考点自测,D,B,考点三：一般将来时的被动语态1.肯定结构：will be+过去分词，am / is / are going to be+过去分词；否定结构：wont be+过去分词，am n
7、ot / isnt / arent going to be+过去分词；一般疑问句把will / am / is / are放到句首。如：The School Day will be held next month. 下个月将举行校庆。 The work is going to be finished in two days. 这项工作将在两天后完成。 Will the gift be sent soon? 礼物将很快发送吗？ Is this kind of question going to be asked in class? 这种问题将会在课堂上提问吗？,考点梳理,1. A new roa
8、d near my school next year. (2016北京市) A. builds B. will build C. is built D. will be built2. Trees on both sides of the road next year. (2015雅安市) A. will plant B. will be planted C. are going to plant D. are planted,考点自测,D,B,3. You another day to make your decision. (2015威海市) A. gave B. are giving C
9、. will be given D. will give4. Do you know the old school next month? Really? Its great! (2015攀枝花市) A. is going to rebuild B. is going to be rebuilt C. will rebuild D. is rebuilt,考点自测,C,B,考点四：被动语态难点及拓展1.含有情态动词的被动语态：肯定结构“情态动词+be+过去分词” ；否定结构“情态动词+not+be+过去分词” ；一般疑问句把情态动词放句首。如：Homework must be finished
10、 every day. 作业每天都必须完成。 Students shouldnt be allowed to stay up late. 学生不允许熬夜。,考点梳理,2.动词短语变成被动语态时，要保持完整，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如：The old are taken good care of in the old peoples home. 老人们在敬老院被照顾得很好。 The tent is put up at the top of the mountain. 帐篷在山顶被搭起来了。,考点梳理,3.省略to的动词不定式，在被动语态中要还原to。即make / let / have / s
11、ee / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do，变成被动语态：sb. be made / let / had / seen / watched / heard / noticed / felt to do。如： The boss makes the workers work for a long time. 老板让工人们工作很长时间。(变被动)The workers is made to work for a long time by the boss. 工人们被老板迫使长时间工作。,考点梳理,4.不用被动语态的词，常见的有：（1）五感官三变化两发生：look
12、，smell，taste，feel，sound，become，get，turn，happen，take place。如：The flowers smell nice. 花闻起来很香。（不能用are smelt） Great changes took place in China. 中国发生了巨大变化。（不能用were taken place）（2）come out，belong to，break out，spread，appear，disappear也不用被动语态。如：The CD came out yesterday. 这个CD昨天就发行了。（不能用was come out）,考点梳理,（3
13、）某些可以和“well，easily，smoothly” 连用的不及物动词，且主语是物体，不用被动语态。这类词有：read，write，draw，wash，clean，cook，sell，lock，open，cut。如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种笔写起来很流畅。（不能用is written） This kind of shirt sells very well. 这款裙子卖得很好。（不能用is sold）5.一些易混淆的被动语态用法（1）have sth. done=have sb. do sth.请别人做某事如：I have my TV
14、 repaired.=I have someone repair my TV. 我请人修电视。,考点梳理,（2）It is said that / It is believed that / It is reported that 据说 / 据认为 / 据报道如：Its said that the library has a long history. 据说这个图书馆有悠久的历史。（3）grow表示种植时，有被动语态；grow表示成长，生长时，没有被动语态。如：Rice is grown in the south of China. 水稻种植在中国南方。 Rice grows well thi
15、s year. 水稻今年长得很好。（不能用is grown）（4）sth. need / require doing=sth. need / require to be done 需要 / 要求做某事如：The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered. 花需要浇水。,考点梳理,1. Hurry up! The exam must in 100 minutes. (2015株洲市) A. finish B. be finished C. is finished D. finished2. To our surprise, the
16、 walls of the new bookstore books. (2015厦门市) A. are lined with B. is lined with C. have lined with D. are lined,考点自测,B,A,3. A new school last year in my hometown. (2015资阳市) A. was set B. sets up C. is set up D. was set up4. The poor girl by the unfriendly boys when she told her story. (2015宁夏回族自治区)
17、A. laughed at B. was laughed at C. laughs at D. is laughed,考点自测,D,B,5. Does she like singing English songs? Yes. She sing English songs in her rooms. (2013长沙市) A. often does B. is often heard to C. is often heard D. often hears6. If you see the cartoon film, you will laugh. (2013呼和浩特市) A. be made B.
18、 be made to C. make to D. make,考点自测,B,B,7. The food looked bad, but it OK. So we cant judge a man by his appearance. (2013兰州市) A. is tasted B. tasted C. was tasted D. taste8. It last week that the haze (雾霾) in Beijing caused many problems. (2013广东省) A. reports B. reported C. is reported D. was reported,考点自测,B,D,
