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1、代词,英语中代词：代词，即代替名词、动词、形容词、数量词、副词的词。 可分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。,人称代词表示我你他我们你们他们的词叫人称代词.人称代词并不全指人,也指物，分为主格和宾格两种形式。有三种人称,每个人称又分为单数和复数（第二人称单数和复数同形）.,1）主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如，She is our new English teacher. （she在做主语） I often help him with his math.（him 在做宾语）注意：口语中，人称代词宾格常用作表语。如：-who is there?-Its me.,2)人称
2、代词的顺序单数：you +he(his teacehr,etc.)+she(her mum,etc.)+I如：You, he and I are in the same classroom.复数：we+you+they(the policemen,etc.)如：We, you and they are all Chinese.,3) glasses，sunglasses，boots等复数形式的词,如果不和量词一起使用时，动词要用复数形式，对应的代词为they或them；如：My trousers are over there and they are dirty.当和a pair of一起连用
3、时，动词要单数，但代词通常还是用they或them。如：If you find a pair of scissors in the drawer,pass them to me.,4)as 和than之后的人称代词：当人称代词用于as 、than之后，在正式语体中，做主语则用主格，作宾语则用宾格。如：She speaks as well as me.(宾格)He works as hard as you do.(主格)但在非正式语体中，或带有all，both时，通常用宾格。如：He is taller than us all.（宾格）,5）it 的用法a.表示无生命的、已经提到的事物。如：-w
4、hose coat is this?-It is mine.b.性别不详的幼儿或者小动物。如：What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy?c.指“那个人”。如：-who is it at the door?-It is the postman.d. 无人称主语或宾语，尤指天气、时间或距离。如：Its raining.Its twenty miles from here to Shanghai.,练习（1）：选词填空Mum and _ (I, me)went shopping yesterday.正确答案：I2. -Who is at the door?-it is _
5、(I, me)正确答案：me3. Let _(we,us)clean the classroom after school.正确答案：us,2. 物主代词表示事物所属关系的的代词, 物主代词有形容词性和名词性两种.,1）形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词-形容词性物主代词修饰名词，放在名词前，不可单独使用。如：This is her book.Your school is nor very far. Isns it?-名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句子中作名词的作用，可以单独使用。如：Ours(=our country) is a great country.I havent
6、 taken my umbrella. May I share yours(=your umbrella)?-whose ruler is this?-its hers（her ruler）.,2) 物主代词用于固定搭配的词组Of ones own on ones ownWith ones ownHold ones ownMake ones wayIn ones wayTo ones surprise/amazement,练习（2）选词填空：Your bedroom is bigger than _.(my, mine)正确答案：mine2. On_way to the office,_saw
7、 the accident.(he, his,him)正确答案：his, he3. _idea sounds good, but _seems even better. (you,your,yours,she,her,hers)正确答案: Your, hers,3. 反身代词表示反射（指一个动作反射到该动做执行者本身）。它是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格,后面加词尾self 或者selves构成.常见的有：,1）用法反身代词作同位语。如：The teacher himself will visit Toms parents.b. 反身代词作介词宾语。如：They do
8、the work by themselves.,2)反身代词表示独立完成某事，亲自做某事，为自己做了某事。如：Call oneself.Make oneself.Cook oneself.Buy oneself.He usually calls himself Old Jim.She made herself a cup of coffee.,3) 反身代词用于固定搭配。如：For oneselfBy oneselfTo oneselfTeach oneselfThe baby can walk by himeself now. I want a bedroom to myself.I hur
9、t myself.问题：如何理解,He said to himself:” I must stop it”答案：他对自己说：“我要阻止它”,4.指示代词指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。如：You look in this box here,and I will look in that box over there.I saw hime this morning.He was very busy those days.,5. 疑问代词疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句。,例子：1) Which do you prefer, an apple or a pear?2)who
10、is the lady over there?3)-whose book is this? -oh, it is mine.4) What kind of housework do you usually do?5)Whats your new teacher like?6)What shape is the mirror?,练习（3）根据句子意思选用who, whose, what或which填空。-_gloves are these? -They are Lindas.正确答案：whose2. _went to see the film with you?正确答案：who3. Could
11、you tell me_bus goes to the Shanghai Zoo?正确答案：which,6. 不定代词1）常见的不定代词One, some, any, all, each, another, other, many, much, few, little, both, neither, either,etc,b. 合成不定代词如：I have got something in my eye.Have you anything to say?Everything is all right with him.,注意：除了none外，合成不定代词通常不可接of结构。合成不定代词后通常可
12、加else，如something else（另外的东西），anyone else（其他人）等代词的所有格形式为something elses, anyone elses修饰合成不定代词的定语（形容词等）要放在他们后面。如：I have something important to tell you.Has anything interesing happened?,2) 不定代词用于固定搭配的词组One: one anotehr; one by oneOther: on the other side of go to the other way/directionSome: some day;
13、 for some timeBoth: on both sideAll: all the time; all kinds of ; all newmany/much: so many/much这么多的 many/much of too many/mucha good/great manyLittle: little by little ; in a little whileFew: a man of few words; have a few words with sb.,3)不定代词分组辨析many, much与some, any many 和much都表示“许多，很多”。Many后跟可数名
14、词，much后跟不可数名词。如：There are many people on Nanjing Road everyday.Too much sugar will do you harm.Some 和any 都表示“一些”，他们既可以跟可数名词也可以跟不可数名词。Some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句中。如：There are some eggs in the basketball.There is some ink in the bottle.He hasnt any time left.Do you have any question?,注意：many/much在口语中常被a lo
15、t of/ lots of替代，特别是在表示肯定意义的句子里。如:He has visited a lot of/lots of places in the world.Some 有时也用于疑问句中，通常表示邀请，请求。如：Would you like some tea? will you buy me some cakes?当any用在肯定句时，表示“任何一个，无论哪个”。如: They are all free-take any you like.,练习（4）：根据意思选用much, many,some或any填空。Has Peter have _brothers and sisters?
16、正确答案：any2. How _homework have you done?正确答案：much3. Will you give me_paper?正确答案：some,b. both, all与each，every如：All of/all his plans failed.Both of/ both his plans failed.Each of his plans failed.They each want todo something different.They enjoyed every minute of the party.,注意：Every通常只能用作形容词。如： every
17、day,every student,而不能用做代词Each既可以代词也可以形容词。如： I gave a piece of cake to each child/each of the children. each 还可以做副词。如：Gave them two each.All,both,each在句中的位置：在be动词后面，其他动词前。如：we re all interested in pop music.they were each given a new book. dad and mum were both away.,练习（5）根据句子的意思选用both,all,each,every
18、填空。The children_took bananas.正确答案：all2. The children_took a banana.正确答案：each3._of her parents are teachers.正确答案：both,c. One，other, anotherOne：不指定的人或物。Ones是复数形式Other：用作单数修饰单数时，前必须加the；常与one连用：oneand the other.。other的复数为others，表示“其他的人或物”Another:表示“另一个人或物”或“再来一个”一些搭配：1）one.the other 和one.the others/the
19、 other +名词复数one.the other：特指两个之中的“一个另一个”。如：Mr. Li has two sons. One is a doctor and the other is an engineer.one.the others/the other +名词复数:特指三个或三个以上的情况时，“一个.另一些、另几个”。如：There are four boys in the classroom. One is reading. The others are talking.There are five flowers in the vase. One is yellow. The
20、 other four ones are red.,2) some.the others 和 some.otherssome.the others是指“一些.另一些”The students are busy with the experiment. Some are operating the machine. The others are reading the results.some.others是指“一些.别的一些”Many old people are in the park. Some are walking. Otehrs are talking about the news.
21、,3) One.another.the other/the third在列举三个人或三样事物及以上时，可以按one.another.the other.the third这样的顺序来进行列举。如：The old woman has three daughters. One is in china. Anotehr is in Ameriaca. The other is is france.4)Each other 和 one anotherEach other指两个人或物之间“相互.”；One another 指三个及三个以上的人或物之间“相互.”如：After the tennis mat
22、ch, the two players shook hands with each other.After the football match, all the players shook hands with one anotehr,练习（6）根据句子意思，选用one,other,others或another填空。_should love ones country.正确答案：one2. Some of the ball-pens are red;_are blue and black.正确答案：others3. She has two children._is more talkative
23、 than_正确答案：one.the other,4) On one, nothing,noneNo one: 表示人，指代可数名词；用来回答who问题，不可跟of如：No one noticed the sound.Nothing：仅用于表示物，指代不可数名词；用来回答what问题，不可跟ofThere is nothing left in the kitchen. None：仅用于表示人或物，指代可数或不可数名词；用来回答how many、how much问题，可跟of.None of these shoes fits/fit me well.,练习（7）选用something，anything，nothing或everything填空。Please say _about the picture.正确答案：something2. He says he will do _to help me.正确答案：something/everything3. Do you want _else?正确答案：anything/sometihng,
