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1、grammar,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verb structure),用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 (fact),而只是一种假设(hypotheses ) 愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion) 或怀疑doubt等等。,What is Subjunctive Mood?,虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握:,1.虚拟条件句,2.名词性从句的虚拟语气,3. 虚拟语气的其他用法,一、虚拟条件句: 条件状语从句是非真实情况时,要用虚拟语气。,1)If I were you, I would study hard.2)If it rained, I would not be
2、here now.,1)If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.2)If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.,1) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.2) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.3)If you missed the film tonigh
3、t, you would feel sorry.,注意问题:1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但都是遵守上述句型,反之亦然。,eg: If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now.If she didnt love driving, she wouldnt have become a taxi driver.,3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装,例如:,Had the
4、 doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.,Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.,Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home,1) If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.,2) If I were to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes
5、.,3) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.,4. with, without, but, but for, but that, otherwise, or引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。这时主句用虚拟,1) Without you, I would never know him.2) But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well.要不是你的合作,我们不可能把工作做得这么出色。3) But that she was afraid, she wou
6、ld have said no.要不是害怕,她会拒绝的。,eg: 1) I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now. 2) I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working. 3) I am busy now, otherwise I would help you. 4) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have know nothing about it. 5) What would
7、you do with a million dollars?,1) If he _ drunk, he wouldnt have lost control of the car. A. wasnt B. werent C. hasnt been D. hadnt been,2) I would have gone to the concert, if I _ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had,4) _ I known it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. H
8、aving,3) _ to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem. A. If he is B. Were he C. Had he D. Be he,5) _ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone,6) If we _ here ten minutes earlier, we _ the bus. arrived/would
9、 catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught,7) If I _ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have,8) If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B.
10、listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know,9)_, I would take an umbrella with me. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you,10) If you were older, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed,
11、二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气:,1. 在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,基本句型:主语(should)动词原形,如:,1). We suggested that the meeting should be held. 2) The suggestion that the meeting should be held was rejected. 3) It was suggested that the meeting should be held.4) The suggestion is that the meeting should be held.,5) It was
12、required that the crops should be harvested at once. 6) That is their demand that their wages be increased.,suggest等动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用(should) + do, 这类动词的字头记忆口诀为: I drop caps. 具体为:insist, demand, desire, request(请求), require, order, propose(建议), command(命令), ask(要求), advise, prefer, suggest,注意:,1) I in
13、sisted that John had done it. I insisted that John (should) do it.,eg: Her expression suggested that she was angry.,insist,1) 表示坚持认为,2)表示坚持要求某人该,真实语气,虚拟语气,2) I insisted that the earth moves round the sun.,Suggest 表示暗示,说明的意思时用真实语气,He suggested that we (should) go to school at once.,2. 在Its strange/im
14、portant/necessary/surprising that句式中, that 从句的谓语动词用(should) +do,如:,注意:在这种句子中绝不可用“would”、 “must” “could”等。,eg: 1) Its strange that he (should) not come. 2) Its important that you (should) ask your parents for advice about your work.,1) The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A. had br
15、ought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring,2) He demanded that the laboratory report _ immediately after the experiment was done. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written,4) It is required that you _ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive,5) He insi
16、sted that he _ me before. A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw,6) It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry,8) It is important that I _ with Mr. Willians immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak,7) He insisted th
17、at John _ it. A. do B. does C. did D. would do,9) The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given,El condor pass - Paul Simon Id rather be a sparrow (麻雀)than a snail(蜗牛). Yes I would. If I could, I surel
18、y would. Id rather be a hammer(铁锤) than a nail(钉子). Yes I would. If I only could, I surely would.,Away, Id rather sail away Like a swan(天鹅) thats here and gone A man gets tied his feet on the ground It gives the worldIts saddest sound, Its saddest sound.,Id rather be a forest than a street. Yes I wo
19、uld. If I could, I surely would. Id rather feel the earth beneath my feet, Yes I would. If I only could, I surely would.,三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句:,1. wish后的宾语从句: 1)与现在愿望不一致 主语过去时; 2)与过去愿望不一致 主语had过去分词; 3)与未来愿望不一致 主语would(could, should, might)原形。,eg: 1) I wish (that) I were you. 2) I wish I had visited
20、 the White House when I was in the States. 3) I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.,2. If only引起的感叹句1) If only he could come! 他要能来就好了2) If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。3) If only I knew the answer!,3. as if(though)引导的从句,eg: 1) She loves the children as if they were hers. 2) Alan t
21、alked about Rome as if he had been there,It seems as if it is going to rain.,4. would rather, 引导的句子也需使用虚拟,表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在与将来的情况用过去时,如:.,eg: 1) Id rather you posted the letter right away. 2) Id rather you had returned the book yesterday. 3) Id rather you painted the wall green next time.,eg: 1) It
22、s time that you went to school. 2) Its time that you should go to school.,1)The boy acted _ he had never lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since,2) I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be,3) He was very busy yesterday, other
23、wise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come,4) Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be,5) But for the party, he _ of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die,9
24、) Id rather you _ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave,7) I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended,8) You talk as if you _ there. A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really
25、be,6) Its high time that we _ to school. A. would to B. went C. go D. will go,12)He felt as if he _ more time to study for the test. A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need,11) It is high time we _ off. A. are B. were C. be D. will be,10) Without your help, our team _ the last match. A. wont win B. will lose C. wouldnt have won D. cant win,13)I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known,