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1、过去分词讲解,-马老师,一、分词的定义动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。二、 过去分词的句法功能： 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1）过去分词作表语 ：主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。,2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。如：The excited people rushed into the building. 激
2、动的人们奔进了大楼。We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。, which/that
3、 had been made by the foreign expert,Which was attended by one thousand stedents,3) 过去分词做状语：过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。Accepted by the Party, he decided t
4、o devote his life to the cause of the Party.入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。,When it was seen from the top of the hill,When he was accepted by the Party,表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：Given a
5、nother chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。,Because they were all deeply moved by the story,If he is given another chance, If you are compared with your brother,表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：La
6、ughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。表方式或伴随情况。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。,Though he was laughed at by many people,while he was supported b
7、y his wife,While we were seated at the table,4) 过去分词作补足语：过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined?你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yours
8、elf heard.当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如：One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。They should be kept informed of the situation there.应该让他们知道那儿的形势。,用过去分词作状语来改写句子。,As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. _ , I was unsettled for the first
9、few days.,Worried about the journey,2). If he is given time, hell make a first-class tennis player. _ , hell make a first-class tennis player.3) As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. _, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.,Given time,Confused by the new surrou
10、ndings,4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. _ _, he became tense.,Questioned by the police about the fire,Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle_for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧._ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，
11、我发现这本书很有用. _ at her, he jumped with joy._at by her, he jumped with joy.,Used,Using,Looking,Looked,【注】 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语：have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：I had the workers do the job for me. 我让工人们替我完成了工作。Jim often has his father help him with his homework.吉姆经常让他
12、的父亲帮助做家庭作业。have somebody /something doing something-ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如：They had the tractor working all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。We wont have the child talking to his mother like that.我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。,have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况：主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：H
13、e had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理发了。Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后来，这个中心让人种了很多树。主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。He had one eye lost in the war. 在战争中他失去了一只眼睛。三、其他1. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：the bridge to be built 将要建造的桥
14、（表示将来的动作）the bridge being built 正在建造的桥（表示正在进行的动作）the bridge built造好的桥（表示完成的动作,2. 过去分词和ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声
15、音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, p
16、leased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。,1. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing,考点点拨,简析: 首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后置分词短语;再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动
17、承受,且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此,该题应选C。,2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 简析: 该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句 which is spoken。,3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 简析: 该题应选A。测
18、试过去分词作后置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句who were invited。,4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。,5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a f
19、oreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句which were written。,6. When _ if she would request a rise, the actress said that money was not important. A. asked B. asking C. having asked D. being asked,7.
20、Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it. A. advertises B. advertising C. advertised D. to advertise,1. I like reading the novels _ (write ) by Zhang Ailing.2. The girl _ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin.3.There is somethi
21、ng wrong with my car and I have to get it _ (repair).,written,writing,repaired,Filling in the blanks.,4. I want the doors of my new house _ (paint) white.5. There was a _ (surprise) look on his face.6. He was _ (excite) at the good news. 7. The story was so _ (move) that he was _ (move) to tears.,pa
22、inted,surprised,excited,moving,moved,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. _ (use) in this way, the word shouldnt be taken as a verb. 2. _ (arm) with special guns, knives and brushes, two space walking astronauts practiced fixing the spacecraft. 3. Though _ (catch) in a traffic jam, we managed to arrive at the airport.,Used,Armed,caught,4. Susan is not easy to get along with. But once _ (gain), her friendship will last forever. 5. Henry didnt attend the party _ (hold) at Toms house last night, for he was busy preparing for his exam.,gained,held,
