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1、,词性，成分和句型,实词： 可以单独作成分1.名词（noun） 可数名词 /C/ n. 不可数名词 /U/ n. 2.代词（pronoun） 行为动词 及物动词 不及物动词 系动词 完全系动词3.动词（verb） 半系动词 助动词 情态动词,feel, taste,looksmell, sound2. keep,stay, remain3. become, get, turn, grow, go 等4. seem, appear,词类,4. 形容词（adjective） 5. 副词（adverb）6. 数词（numeral） 基数词 序数词 虚词： 冠词（article) ,a/an, the
2、 2. 介词（preposition）, 如：on, at, in等； 3. 连词（conjunction）， 如：and, but等； 4. 感叹词（interjection），如： Oh!Ah!等。,句子成分,主谓宾表定状补同位语,1. I like English and so does Tom. Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he said upset me.,主语表示所说的对象是“谁”或者是“什么”.主语一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词,如短语doing, to do或从句充当。,2. Nobody knows him.T
3、he rich are not always happy.I am getting off at the next station. Will you have to go tomorrow?I wonder if it is because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.,谓语位置一般在主语之后，说明主语的动作或状态。谓语只能由动词或动词短语充当。,3. We love our motherland.He gave
4、 up smoking last year.Do you understand what I mean?You need to think more in your studies.,宾语宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或介词所支配的对象。名词、代词（宾格）、数词或相当于名词的词、如doing, to do或其他短语或从句都可以作宾语。,4. That sounds good.He became angry.My dream has come true.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.This is where he lives.,表语表语放
5、在系动词(be等)之后，用来说明主语的特征、性质、身份或状态等。名词、形容词、副词、代词、分词、动词不定式、动名词、介词短语或从句都可以用作表语。,5You are hard-working students. a woman driver , a swimming pool a seven-day holiday , something new a man named Chuck Noland We should have someone to care about. Who is the boy in the hat?Machines were made which used this k
6、ind of power.,定语 主要由形容词或与之相当的其他词类，如非谓语动i才或其他短语或从句充当。定语用来修饰名词或代词.,6.They are working very hard.Surely, we will help you.He was reading yesterday afternoon.Unless he studies hard, he wont make progress. .,状语 主要由副词，或与之相当的其他词类，如非谓语动词或介词短语或从句充当。状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。,The bad news made us upset.We call her
7、 Jenny.They found him out.Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.,7.补语补充说明主语或宾语。由形容词，名词，代词，数词等充当。,This is Miss Huang, our English teacher.She herself said so. Are you two ready?These desks are made for us students. The news that our team won the game makes us happy.,8. 同位语对前面名词或代词做进一步解释说明。由名词，数词，代词或从句充当。,英
8、语句子,按交际功能分,按结构分类,陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句,简单句,并列句,复合句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,简单句的五种基本句型主+ 系+表2. 主+谓3. 主+谓+宾4. 主+谓+宾+宾补5. 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语,4. 主+谓+宾+宾补 （1）n. （2）adj. （3）adv. 复合宾语（4） prep. Phrase （5）to do (tell, ask, want, get, would like ，wait for等） （6）do (make, let, have, se
9、e, watch, notice, hear find, feel等） (7) doing (have, get, see, hear等） (8) done (make, have, get, see, hear, feel, find等）,5. 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 双宾语（1）（give, pass, tell , teach , send, write, show, bring, offer 等） He told us a funny story. = He told a funny story _us. (buy, get, fetch, build, choose, make,
10、 save 等） Come to the cinema as early as possible. I have saved you a seat. = I have saved a seat_ you.,to,for,lets practise,请说出下列句子类型,1.Autumn is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He showed me his new bike.4.She knows what to do.5.The weather is very cold.6. Cant you get them to help you?7. Do you thin
11、k it possible for Chinese to become a world language?,英语句子,按交际功能分,按结构分类,陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句,简单句,并列句,复合句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,英语句子的种类,简单句,并列句,复合句,.简单句,A. 只包含一个主谓结构 Mary opened the door. B. 两个并列主语和一个谓语 Steve and his friend are coming to dinner. C. 一个主语和并列谓语 Mary ope
12、ned the door and greeted the guests.D.两个并列主语和两个并列谓语 Mary and Steve went to the shop, bought some fruit and visited their friend.,把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,.并列句,lets practise,1. I turned on the TV. We watched it. I turned on the TV and we watched it. 2. He made a promise. He didnt keep it He made
13、a promise, but he didnt keep it.,常用并列连词1. （1）和，与 and (2) 但是 ,而是 but / yet/ and yet 然而，而，而且 while (3) 就在这个时候 when (4) 或者,还是 or (5) 否则 or / or else / otherwise (6) 因为 for (7) 因此，所以 so,(8) bothand; neither nornot only but also ; eitheror Not only is he interested in football but also his parents are be
14、ginning to show interest in it. Either you leave the room or I call the police.,用合适的词填空：He is a hard- working student, _we neednt make him study. 2. The day breaks, _the birds are singing.3. When mother came back, she found I was watching TV _ my younger sister was doing cleaning. 4. One day Chuck N
15、oland was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean _his plane crashed. 5. Study hard _you will fail to pass the exam.,so,for,while,when,or,1. He has two children. They are students. 2. He has two children ; they are students. 3. He has two children and they are students. 4. Because he studies very hard,
16、 he does well in his class. 5.,He has two children who are students.,由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成复合句 主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须由连接词和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.,.复合句（Compound Sentence),I wonder if you could give me a hand.,请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。,从句,主句,Anne wished she could tell people everything that s
17、he had gone through in the concentration camp（集中营）.复合句中，主句只有一个，从句可以有n个 . ( n 1 )She said that she was unhappy and that she would tell my manager about this.,1.名词性从句,在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：,1）主语从句2）宾语从句3）表语从句 4）同位语从句,2.状语从句,3.定语从句,lets practise,指出下列各从句的类型：,I hope that everything is all right.She was readin
18、g the newspaper when I came in.She is the girl who sings best of all.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,It is such a big box that nobody can move it. He didnt come yesterday because he was ill. Ill give the letter to him when I see him. Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow. Although the place is quite pleasa
19、nt, we should not go there all the time.,指出下列各从句中的从属连词,He has found out .She was late. (why),请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句,I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.(when),I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.,He has found out why she was late.,1. My roommate was sleepi
20、ng, we didnt want to wake her up.,请用所学知识改正下列病句,改正：My roommate was sleeping .We didnt want to wake her up.My roommate was sleeping, so we didnt want to wake her up.,2. I went to bed Because I was tired.改正： I went to bed because I was tired.,1.Ill give the letter to him .I see him.(时间)2.He didnt come
21、yesterday .He was ill. (原因)3.It is such a big box .Nobody can move it.(结果)4.Well go to the great wall .Its fine tomorrow. (条件)5.We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant.(让步),请把每组句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。,Thats all for the class！,Thank you!,1. With autumn _, the weather becomes colder
22、 and colder.2. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 3. The thief was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied4. With two children _ middle sc
23、hool in the nearby town now, the parents are working hard. A. to attend B. attending C. attended D. having attended,come,coming,1.With his hair _, he looks younger.2. With a lot of clothes _, I cant go out to play. washed B. to wash C. washing D. wash3. _ my bike stolen, I had to walk to work.4. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As5. _production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. As B. For C. With D. Through,With,cut,
