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1、猜测词义,Guessing meanings,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. .,1. Definition 定义法,3. Similarity 相似法,2. Contrast 对比法,4. Cause
2、and effect 因果法,5. Example 例举法,8. Common Sense 普通常识,6. Word Formation 构词法,猜测词义,7. Context 上下文,It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily.,1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。,(adj. 易碎的, 脆的),The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,(n. 牧羊人)
3、,2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。 表示对比的词有but、while、however、 otherwise等。,Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.,She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.,A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly,A,(v. 不同意),3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、
4、近义词或词组猜测词义。,Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,(adj. 巨大的;极大的),4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。,One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.,Tha
5、t museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.,(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的),(adj. 大的),5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。,Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators a
6、nd color televisions.,(n. 电器用具),6. Word Formation 构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的)micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非）non-（不，非） -able（能的
7、） -less（不，无） -wards (向),superman microwave(超人)nonnatural mispronouce(非自然的) homeless nonsmoker(无家可归的) rebuild eastwards(重建),Can you guess the right meanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),Eg. Im going to buy a microbus.,micro+bus 微型公共汽车,1) He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so b
8、efore I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. A. see clearly B. understand C. expect,B,7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。,A,(n. 猫头鹰),A,(n. 猿),8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。,在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。
9、比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。,When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make himunconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.,n. 麻醉剂(药),当堂训练,Can you guess the correc
10、t meanings of the following words?- 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 3. Mr. Brown is now wo
11、rking at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用 B. 借出 C. 购买 D. 参观,C,A,B,4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest 5. The old
12、 woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的 B. 古怪的 C. 闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者 6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱,A,B,C,7. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husban
13、d is the silent type. A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的 8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house 9. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one could be more intelligent. A. 勤奋的 B. 愚蠢的 C.
14、 聪明的 D. 情报,C,C,C,10. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”The word “boasting” means _.A. 骄傲 B. 吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚,B,课堂检测,Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starv
15、ation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-De
16、cember breeding season.What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean?A. eat B. get C. sell D. buy,B,Passage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgra
17、ced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _ in this text.A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame,D,Passage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院
18、) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “banished” mean_. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping,B,Passage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk b
19、ehind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as ha
20、rd as I could. What does the underlined word “tedious” probably mean?A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. challenging,B,Passage 5 Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeo
21、pardize his future. The word “jeopardize” means _ in this text.A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stop,B,Passage 6 After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Ma
22、ny people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream. The underlined word “astounded” means _.A. very sad B. very sorry C. very pleased D. greatly surprised,D,1. Definition 定义法,3. Similarity 相似法,2. Contrast 对比法,4. Cause
23、 and effect 因果法,5. Example 例举法,8. Common Sense 普通常识,6. Word Formation 构词法,猜测词义,7. Context 上下文,Summary,Practice makes perfect,4.,课后拓展,Read the following passages and see if you understand the words or phrases that may be new to you:Passage 1.We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we ar
24、e moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken.We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane.1. Acceleration is the name for _. A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a p
25、laneC. a steady speed D. an increase in speed,Passage 2.A tornado can do a lot of damage. The wind of a tornado rushes at great speed around a funnel-shaped cloud. It travels in a path a few hundred feet wide and about twenty-five miles long. As the wind circles, the funnel spirals higher and higher
26、.2. A tornado is a _. A. rainstorm B. dust storm C. great circle wind D. huge funnel of water,Passage 3.STOCKHOLMA Swede and two Americans won the 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine on Oct. 9 for studies on how messages move around the nervous system. The discovery makes it possible to develop drugs agai
27、nst Parkinsons disease and schizophrenia. Arvid Carlson of Sweden and Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of the United States share the first prize of the millennium, worth nearly US$ 1 million, for their discoveries, Swedens Karlinska Institute said.3. What does the underlined word “schizophrenia” prob
28、ably mean? A. a kind of illness B. a new discovery C. a name of a subject D. a new drug,Passage 4.New York: when the first jet struck 1 World Trade Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday, the people in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they
29、, too, must do: get out fast. Among the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do, formal announcements inside the south tower instructed people to stay put, telling them that the building was in good condition and the threat was limited to the other tower.4. The underlined words “stay put” me
30、ans_. A. to keep silentB. to leave at once C. to stay in the building D. to put everything back and then leave,Passage 5. All the athletes try to be at the closing ceremony. They have forgotten all their fears and worries. It does not matter whether they have done well or not. All the teams walk rou
31、nd the stadium together. Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave. Everyone is hunting for local products. People exchange track suits, hats, running vest and so on. There is a last chance to take photographs and get addresses of new friends. Then each team starts its journey home.
32、5. The underline phrase “clears up” in the paragraph means_. A. packs up B. goes away C. makes clear D. does the cleaning,1. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. ( )2. Helping laid-off work
33、ers and unemployed people find jobs is crucial (关系重大的)and pressing task facing the Chinese Government, President Jiang Zemin stressed yesterday, he urged better service to create work for the unemployed. ( )3. Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know if you think you
34、 are a brave person or a coward. ( ),不可回收资源,下岗,胆小鬼,5.,Assignment 作业,4. Most women in China -educated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. ( )5. Jane was talking with others while Tom remained reti
35、cent all the time. ( )6. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero. ( )7. They surrendered, that is, threw out their weapons and walked out with their hands above their heads. ( ),文盲的,沉默寡言的,男主角,投降,8. Japan has a problem many other countries would envyits workforce works to
36、o hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease “workaholism” is proving a difficult job, partly because many of them like work better than anything else, experts say. ( )9. The harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water. ( )10. Crime is a very serious problem in Britain. One sort of crime which particularly worries people is juvenile crimescrimes committed by young people. ( ),醉心工作,防波堤, 码头,青少年犯罪,Thank you for listening!,
