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1、The past perfect tense,过去完成时,在过去的某一时间、动作之前已经发生 从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另外一个时间。,1. 概念：,过去完成时,2. 句型结构,3. 过去完成时的时间状语,与介词by, before, 构成时间状语 与连词when, before等引导的时间状语从句 by then(截止到那时); by the end of (在结束/末之前); by the time of.在.以前,肯定句：主语+ had done sth 否定句： 主语+ had not done sth,2. 句型结构,肯定句：主语+ had done sth 否定句：主语+had
2、nt（had not）done一般疑问句：Had +主语+done?特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+had +主语+done,You had already cleaned the blackboard before I entered the classroom.,What happened first?,A: You cleaned the blackboard,B: I entered the classroom,1. 过去完成时的概念表示在过去的过去发生的动作,1.他说他以前见过你。 He said that he _ (see) you before. 2. 当我到校的时候，我意识到我把书包
3、忘在家里了。When I got to school, I realized I _( leave) my backpack at home.,had seen,had left,1. 到昨天六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。By six oclock yesterday, they _(work) for eight hours.,had worked,had read,1. 过去完成时的概念从过去某一时间发生的动作持续到过去另一时间,2. By the end of last month, I _ (read) three books.,1.They had already had br
4、eakfast before they arrived at the hotel.,2.By nine oclock yesterday evening he hadnt got home.,3.-Had you known anything about our school before you came here?-Yes, I had. / No, I hadnt.,4.What had your sister been before she became an actress?,过去完成时的时间状语,1. 与介词by, before, since 构成时间状语How many Engl
5、ish songs had you learnt by the end of last term? We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.,过去完成时的时间状语,2. 过去完成时与when, before, 引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. Before he join the army, he had been a teacher for 1 year. When she got home
6、 her children _(sleep).,had slept,过去完成时的时间状语,by then(截止到那时); by the end of (在结束/末之前); by the time(在时之前);,1.昨晚我们看了电影。 a. We had seen the film yesterday evening. b. We saw the film yesterday evening.,2当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了。 a. The film has been on for five minutes when I got there. b. The film had been o
7、n for five minutes when I got there.,3.到上学期末，他们已学会了五首英语歌曲。 a. By the end of last term, they have learned five English songs. b. By the end of last term, they had learned five English songs.,4.他昨天见到了ill，他们已有两年没见面了。 a. He saw Bill yesterday. They havent met each other for two years. b. He saw Bill yes
8、terday. They hadnt met each other for two years.,李梅很高兴，因为她期中考试及格了。a. Li Mei was very glad, because she passed the mid-term exam. b. Li Mei was very glad, because she had passed the mid-term exam.,I _ (clean) the clothes before you came back.2. She_ (leave) already when you arrived. _they _ (know) th
9、is before you told them?4. We _ (not tell) you before you knew it.5. She came after we_ (wait) for her for half an hour.,had cleaned,had left,Had known,hadnt told,had waited,Translations,1.当我们到电影院时，电影已经开始了,.他在离开之前把灯全关了,The film when we the cinema.,He all the lights before he .,had already begun /sta
10、rted,arrived at /got to /reached,had turned off,left,1.We had already learned four units by yesterday.2.We had lived here for 3 years by the end of last month.,1.by （截止） + past time2.by the end of （截止）+ past time,Fill in the blanks,1. We (learn) 3000 words by last term.2. you (live) here for 20 year
11、s by 2004?3. They (work) for 10 years by the end of last year.4. I (teach) you for two years by the end of last term.,had learned,Had lived,had worked,had taught,Translations,1.截止到2003年，我们已经看过40部电影了,2.截止到九月底，他们已经去过美国十次了,We 40 films 2003.,They the USA ten times September.,had already seen,by,had alre
12、ady been to,by the end of,一 选择填空。1. I lost the book I _ A have bought B bought C had bought 2. The bus had gone when I _ at the bus stop.A have arrived B arrived C had arrived 3. Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday? He _ BeijingAhas gone to B had gone to C went to4. By the time she was fiftee
13、n, Kitty _ (teach) herself a foreign language. (2006无锡市中考),C,B,B,A. had taught B. taught C. has taught,A,5. I have bought you the books you want Oh，good. I _ afraid you had forgotten A was B am C had been6. Helen _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home A has left; comes B
14、left；had come C had left；came7.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get the book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left8. I met my old friend yesterday. We _ each other for almost ten years. A. havent seen B. di
15、dnt see C. hadnt seen,A,C,D,C,二用所给动词的适当形式填空。1 Our English teacher _ (teach) English in Shanghai for ten years before he came to our School.2 _ the boy _ (finish) his homework before you saw him? 3 When I got there, the train _ already _. (leave)4 When I arrived at the cinema, the film _ (be ) on for
16、 ten minutes.5 Last week I didnt return the book to the library, because I _ (not finish) it.6. After he had finished school, he _(join) the army.7. She said she _ the film before. (see)8. By the end of last month, they _ (complete) the bridge.,had taught,Had finished,had left,had been,hadnt finishe
17、d,joined,had seen,had completed,1 We four thousand new words by the end of last year A had learned B have learned C learned 2 Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home（NMET96） A has left, comes B left, had come C had left, came3 I lost the book I A have bought B bought C
18、 had bought 4 The bus had gone when I at the bus stop.A have arrived B arrived C had arrived 5 Tom of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind A has thought B thought C had thought,A,C,C,B,C,6 Did you meet Tom at the airport？ No，he by the time I there.Ahas left; got B h
19、ad left；arrived C left；had got 7Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday? He BeijingAhas gone to B had gone to C went to8 Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University, for which she five times.A had tried B tried C has tried 9 I have bought you the books you want Oh，good. I afraid you had forgo
20、tten A was B am C had been,B,B,A,A,1 How many English songs _she _ (learn) by the end of last month?2 By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ dinner already. (cook)3 He _ to play the piano before he was ten years old. (learn)4 She said she _ the film before. (see)5 Our English teacher _ (
21、teach) English in Guangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School.6 By the end of last month, they _ the bridge. (complete)7 What _ Lord Kelvin _ by the time he was ten? (do),had,learned,had cooked,had learned,had seen,had taught,had completed,had,done,8 He asked where I _ (go) during t
22、he summer vacation.9 The classroom _ (clean) before we _ (get) there yesterday.10 _ the boy _ his homework before you saw him? (finish)11 When we got to the station, the train _ already _. (leave)12 We _ the book by the end of last month. (finish)13 When I got back to the shop , someone else _ (take
23、) my bag away.14 When I arrived at the cinema, the film _ (be on) for ten minutes.,had gone,had beencleaned,got,Had,finished,had,left,had finished,had taken,had been on,15 Jack _ in Egypt for eight years before he moved to Guangzhou. (live)16 He didnt asked me to speak at the meeting, because I _ al
24、ready _ (refuse) to do it.17 Last week I didnt return the book to the library, because I _ (not finish) it.18 Tom said that he _ (visit) his Japanese friends the day before.19 Mrs. Smith said she _ to Xian twice. (be)20 She asked me if I _ (read) the story .,had lived,had,hadnt finished,refused,had visited,had been,had read,
