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1、ast perfect tense 过去完成时,知 识回 顾,1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.,一般过去时表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。,强调过去某一特定的时间。,2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.,现在完成时表示的动作发生在 过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结构为：“助动词 have（has）+过去分词”,They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.,1.They arrived at the
2、 station at ten yesterday.,2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.,I had learned 1000 English words till then.,构成：助动词had + 过去分词（V.pp),用法：,1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。,过去完成时：,在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。,1.他说他以前见过你。,He said that he _ (see) you before.,had seen,2. 到六点钟为止
3、他们已经工作八小时了。,By six oclock they _(work) for eight hours.,had worked,过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。-|- |-|-,那时以前,那时,现在,2. 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续 到过去某一时刻。,By six oclock they _ (work)for eight hours.,When I came to GZ , he _(be) there for a long time.,用法：,1.
4、到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。,2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。,had worked,had been,3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。,By the middle of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years.,had lived,1. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。,By yesterday evening he _ (write) that letter.,2. 他说Lin Tao已经走了。,He said that Lin Tao _(leave),3. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。,When I cam
5、e in he _(finish) his homework.,过去完成时与 by then(截止到那时); by 9 oclock(直到九点钟) by the end of (在结束/末之前); by the time(在时之前); up till then (直到那时); up until last night(直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去。,had written,had left,had finished,3. 过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet 等连用表示过去的过去。,用法：,例如：1. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。,He told me that hi
6、s team _ already _ (win).,had,won,2. 她说她仍没去过长城。,She said that she _(not go to) the Great Wall yet.,hadnt been to,用法：,过去完成时与when, before, as soon as, till/ until 等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。,例如：1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。,When she got home ,her children _(sleep).,had slept,2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。,Before they arrived
7、here, the film _ already _ (start).,had,started,Last night, as soon as I _(finish) my work, I went to sleep.,3. 我完成作业了就去睡觉了。,had finished,构成：主语+助动词 had + 过去分词（ v-ed）,1.They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.,2.By nine oclock yesterday evening he hadnt got home.,3.-Had you kn
8、own anything about our school before you came here?-Yes, I had. / No, I hadnt.,4.What had your sister been before she became an actress?,二、过去完成时的判断依据,1.由“过去的过去”来判定。,过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：,在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过
9、去时。如：,When I got to the station, the train had already left.,After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.,（ 1 ）状语从句中,（ 2 ）宾语从句中,当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：,She said that she had seen the film before.,They explained what had happened.,2
10、. 由时间状语来判定,一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：,（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：,I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.,（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：,We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.,（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：,They had planted six hundred trees before la
11、st Wednesday.,3. 根据上、下文来判定。,I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.,He felt rather tired because he had worked for the whole night.,Work out the rule:If we want to talk about two past actions in a sentence, the past perfect tense is used for the (ea
12、rlier, later) action.,earlier,1.Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom.What happened first?Millie ran back to school.Millie left her magazine in the classroom.,2.Simon left school late because the football game had started late.What happened first? a.Simon left
13、school late. b.The football game started late.,3.Daniel arrived out of breath - he had gone to the wrong cinema.What happened first? a. Daniel arrived out of breath. b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema.,4.Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station.What happened first? a. Amy lost her
14、purse. b. Amy went to the police station.,过去完成时典型错误例析：,1.昨晚我们看了电影。 a. We had seen the film yesterday evening. b. We saw the film yesterday evening.,过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。如果时间只是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。,2当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了。 a. The film has been on for five minutes when I got
15、there. b. The film had been on for five minutes when I got there.,在过去某一时间或动作之前发生或完成了的动作，要用过去完成时。它的动作的起点为过去，终点也为过去，即“过去的过去”。而现在完成时的动作起点为过去，终点则为现在。,3.到上学期末，他们已学会了五首英语歌曲。 a. By the end of last term, they have learned five English songs. b. By the end of last term, they had learned five English songs.,b
16、y the end of last term 意为“到上学期末为止”，显然它是“以过去某一时间为终点的”，故只能用过去完成时态，不用现在完成时态。,4.他昨天见到了ill，他们已有两年没见面了。 a. He saw Bill yesterday. They havent met each other for two years. b. He saw Bill yesterday. They hadnt met each other for two years.,“他们没见面”是到“昨天”为止的（而不是到现在为止），是过去的过去，故后一个句子需使用过去完成时态进行表达。,李梅很高兴，因为她期中考
17、试及格了。a. Li Mei was very glad, because she passed the mid-term exam. b. Li Mei was very glad, because she had passed the mid-term exam.,当我们表示某动作或存在的状态发生于过去某动作之前时，那么这个动作或状态要用过去完成时态。句中pass the mid-term exam 的动作是发生在过去动作was very glad 之前的，故pass 需用had passed表示。,6.他走进屋,打开灯,然后开始写起来。 a. He had come into the r
18、oom, turned on the light and began to write. b. He came into the room, turned on the light and began to write.,当按顺序陈述过去连续发生的动作时，我们常常使用一般过去时态。注意：以上几个动作为短暂性动作，动作之间几乎没有时间间断。,用所给动词的正确形式填空(10/1),1.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born.,2. She_ already_ (clean) t
19、he blackboard before I entered the classroom.,had passed away,cleaned,had,句型转换 (10/1)He had stood up before he cleaned the window. _ he had stood up, he cleaned the window.His father went to Beijing. He arrived home. (用before合并句子) His father_ _ _ Beijing before he _ home.,After,had gone to,arrived,按
20、要求改写下列句子(5/1)Simon had finished his homework before he watched TV. 否定句：疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：,Simon hadnt finished his homework before he watched TV.,Had Simon finished his homework before he watched TV?,Yes, he had.,No, he hadnt.,选择题(10/1)Millie_ some Chinese before she came to China.A. learned B. has lear
21、ned C. learnt D. had learnedShe _ the first runner-up prize in a beauty contest before she _an actress.A. have won, became B. had won, become C. had won, became D. has won, became,改错题(101)We hadnt seen something interesting in the park before last Sunday.2. When she woke up this morning, it stopped
22、snowing.,anything,had stopped,翻译题(101)1. 在我们到达电影院之前，电影已经开始了2. 踢完足球之后我买了瓶果汁,The film _ _ _ we _ to the cinema.,_ I _ _ football, I _ a bottle of juice.,had,before,got,begun,After,had,played,bought,用所给动词的正确形式填空(10/1),1. He_ (turn off) the lights before he left the classroom.2. _ your parents _(have) lunch when you arrived at home?,had turned off,Had,had,Good byeThank you!,
