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1、The English Sounds, ,20 vowels,28 consonants,The Syllables(音节),(1)单音节由一个元音(或再加上前后的辅音)构成。如：I ai；my mai；Mikemaik ; blame; case; damp; fax; flash; lack; mask; pan; stab; char; chart; ray; aid; sprain; scheme; belt; jet; press; swell; tense; heal; treat; bleed; sleeve; squeeze; germ; nerve; crime; guide
2、; tight; mild; skin; wrist; link; spin; switch; strict; thrill; chief; firm; choke; stove; fold; pot; throat; goods; loop; scoop; port; blouse; rough; pour; clue; pump; plus; mud; cure; bruise,The Syllables(音节),(2)双音节由两个元音(或再加上前后的辅音)构成。如：hour -；answer- ; as-pect; ban-dage; bright-ness; cap-sule; cha
3、l-lenge; col-league; con-flict; cup-board; dead-line; dust-bin; fire-work; flash-back; Green-wich; house-wife; king-dom; lay-er; li-quid; move-ment; Nor-man; nose-bleed; oint-ment; out-break; paint-er; post-age; ea-ger; ex-pert; post-code; pres-sure; pro-cess; pro-vince; ra-dium; sec-tion;,The Sylla
4、bles(音节),(2)双音节由两个元音(或再加上前后的辅音)构成。如：stat-ue; stew-ard; tab-let; tis-sue; ty-pist; vic-tim; Vi-king; wed-ding; blis-ter; fas-ten; fore-see; poi-son; po-lish; pol-lute; pub-lish; swal-low; u-nite; up-date; back-ward; cau-tious; com-plex; con-stant; dead-ly; gift-ed; gree-dy; guil-ty; in-stant; mean-wh
5、ile; mild-ly; pre-vious; Ro-man; rough-ly; roy-al; se-vere ; side-ways; splen-did; swo-llen; vi-tal,The Syllables(音节),(3)多音节由三个或三个以上的音节构成。如：exhausted-; am-bu-lance; ap-point-ment; cer-e-mo-ny; cer-tain-ty; cit-i-zen; com-mun-ism; con-ve-nience; coun-try-side; de-part-ment; di-lem-ma ; ed-i-tor; ex-p
6、er-tise; in-jur-y; jour-nal-ist; lon-gi-tude; ma-ter-ial; neg-a-tive; neigh-bour-hood; o-pen-ing; phy-si-cian; pos-si-bi-li-ty; re-ceiv-er; time-ta-ble; type-writ-er; u-ni-form; u-ni-verse;,The Syllables(音节),(3)多音节由三个或三个以上的音节构成。如：an-a-lyse; con-cen-trate; con-tri-bute; im-i-tate; man-u-fac-ture; to-
7、ler-ate; ac-cur-ate; ad-mir-able; con-sis-tent; con-stant-ly; de-li-ber-ate-ly; de-light-ed; de-mand-ing; ef-fi-cient; en-joy-a-ble; e-nor-mous; es-sen-tial; na-tion-wide; pos-i-tive; tem-por-ar-y; un-cer-tain; un-u-sual; un-will-ing; wat-er-y,The Syllables(音节),(4)爆破辅音、摩擦音与边辅音、鼻辅音组成的无元音字母的音节发音也较响亮，可
8、以自成音节，叫做成音节。常见的成音节有-, -, -, -，-, -, -，-, -, -, -，-, -。如：couple; temple; sudden; parcel; listen; rifle; grateful; travel; seven ; dozen; cotton; curtain; item; official; ankle; recycle; kettle ; pedal; handle; moveable; label; basin,The Syllables(音节),(5)开音节和闭音节：元音字母后面没有辅音字母时，为绝对开音节；“元音字母辅音字母（r除外）默音e”
9、结构为相对开音节；元音字母后面有辅音字母（发音）时为闭音节。如：I、no绝对开音节；notet相对开音节；not、desk、on闭音节 blame; damp; fax; scheme; belt; jet; swell; crime; guide; skin; wrist; link; spin; switch; strict; thrill; choke; stove; pot; conclude; pump; mud,The Syllables(音节),(6)两个音节之间只有一个辅音字母(r除外)，如前面的是开音节，该辅音字母属于后面；如前面是闭音节，该辅音字母属于前面。如： a-lie
10、n; 外星人；ba-sin ； u-nion ； cred-it; des-ert ; hov-er(7)两个音节间有两个辅音字母(r除外)，则分别属于前后两个音节。如：but-ton; scis-sors; rib-bon; sym(p)-tom;,The Syllables(音节),(8)两个音节相邻处是rr时，一个r属于前面，另一个r属于后面，前边按重读闭音节规律发音。如：marry；quar-rel; bar-rier; car-riage; er-ror; cur-rency; sur-rounding;相邻处如果是“元音字母r其他辅音字母”时，r属于前面，按重读-r音节规律发音。如
11、：organ; furnish; firmly;相邻处是“元音字母r元音字母”时，r属于前面。如：during 在期间; series; insurance; thorough;,The Syllables(音节),(9)辅音字母组合不能分开，必须划在一个音节内。如：neigh-bourhood-邻居；enthusiastictightly; architecture; assignment; sightseeing;,The stress(重音),1、单音节词的重音：单音节词单独念时都要重读。单音节词本身就是重读音节，所以无须标出重音符号。如：he, good, learn。2、双音节词的重
12、音：双音节词一般都是在第一个音节上重读。如：letter-，study-，sister-，morning-。注：有些词的重音可以是第一个音节，也可以是第二个音节。如：detail,The stress(重音),1)重音在第二个音节上:a) 带有词头a-, be-, de-, re-, ad-, ap-, com-, con-, dis-, en-, im-, in-, ex-, pre-, 等的词重音一般在第二个音节上。如：absorb; accuse; accomplish; acquire; alike; announce; apply; approve; arrange; assess;
13、 assist; attend; attract; co-operative; concise; consist; construct; control; defeat; delight; demand; deny; dispose; examine; expose; infect; infectious; inform; instruct; investigate; involve; reject; repeat; submit; suspect; unbearable,The stress(重音),b) 含有后缀-self和-selves的复合词。如：myself，himself，your
14、selves, themselves。,The stress(重音),2）有些双音节词两个音节都重读。a) 中国地名。如：Beijing，Shanghaib) 以前缀re- (再、重新)构成的双音节词。如：rewrite，retellc) 一些复合词。如：inside，upstairsd) 数词1319。如：thirteen，nineteen,The stress(重音),3、多音节词的重音：1)多音节词的重音一般落在倒数第三个音节上。有五个音节以上的词则从重读音节数起(不算重读音节)，倒数第二个音节为次重读音节。如：am-a-teur; char-ac-ter-is-tic; cho-ler
15、-a; e-co-lo-gy i; e-du-ca-tion-al; ef-fi-cien-cy ; i-mag-in-ar-y; i-mag-i-na-tive ; in-ter-view-ee; op-por-tu-ni-ty -; o-rig-i-nal; pos-si-bi-li-ty-; re-vo-lu-tion-ar-y ; set-tle-ment; un-for-get-ta-ble; variety,The stress(重音),2）词尾有-ic、-tion或-sion的词，在该词尾前一个音节上重读。如：historical; idiomatic; optimistic;
16、pessi mistic; skeptical; scientific; technical; technically; accu sation; administration; collection; combination; con struction; description; edition; exhibition; infection; insti tution; investigation; motivation; navigation; radiation; conclusion; impression; profession; professional4、区别词类的重读：有些词
17、虽然拼法相同，但往往由于重音不同而引起词性的变化。一般规律是，名词和形容词重音落在第一个音节上，动词重音落在第二个音节(词根)上。,The stress(重音),1) 拼法相同，重音不同，词性不同。如：increase n. v.增加perfect adj. 完美的 v. 使完美rebel adj. 反叛的 v. 反叛transport n. vt.运输，运送2) 拼法相同，重音不同，词性词义都不同。如：subject n. 学科 v.使隶属object n. 物体 v. 反对refuse n.垃圾 v.拒绝,Attention:,辅音连缀：辅音连缀是英语特有的一种语言现象。在朗读辅音连缀时，
18、一定要求做到：不在辅音之间添加元音；不吞没辅音连缀中的任何一个辅音。例如有些同学不是将next中的吞掉，读成，就是将吞掉而读成。正确的读音应是将三个辅音都读出来，既不加元音，也不吞辅音。如：black; clarify; flame; fluent; glacier; plough; slow; bravery; creative; sky; scheme; small; disposal; responsible; sprained; adjustment; assistant; stewardess; twelve; swim; enquiry; photograph; photograp
19、her; photography; frequently; privately; representative;,Attention:,不完全爆破：所谓不完全爆破，就是前一爆破音的除阻被省略而发出第二个爆破音。不完全爆破含有五种条件：两个爆破音相邻；爆破音与破擦音相邻；爆破音与摩擦音相邻；爆破音与鼻音相邻；爆破音与边舌音相邻。 1) sit down I cant come. actor blackboard 2) sweet dream Its not true. picture object3) old friend Im not sure. breakfast outside 4) go
20、od night Dont thank me. kindness grandmother5) about Li I dont like it. ,Attention:,同化：音的同化就是两音相邻而互相影响，使邻音变为相同或相似的音，或者变成一个新音素。主要有三种情况：前音受相邻后音影响而变化，如1)；后音受相邻前音影响而变化，如2)；前音与相邻后音相互影响，产生第三个音素，如3)。同化既可发生在同一词或复合词内，也可以发生在句子中相邻的两个词之间，这是因为说话时我们不是以单词作单位，而是以短语或句子作单位的。 1) newspaper Does she? 2) speed 3) +：Didnt
21、 you? +：Could you? ,Attention:,连读：在连贯讲话或朗读一个意思紧密相关的词组时(即意群)，如果碰到前词以辅音结尾而后词以元音起首，那么这个辅音和这个元音就要连在一起读，如1)；如果前一个词以元音结尾而后一个词以元音开头，这两个元音可连读，如2)；当前一个词的末尾有字母r或re而后一个词以元音开头时，字母r可读出来与后一个词的元音连读；如3)；有时词尾没有r或re，但以，结尾，可加上音与元音开头的后一个词连读；如4)。注意：连读现象只发生于同一意群当中。 1) Have a look at it. Not at all.2) We must try again. (
22、) They are deeply interested in it. 3) I bought a pair of shoes. 4) Go away. What about your idea of it? ,Attention:,升调和降调：调是指语调，语调就是说话时调门的上升或下降、声音的高亢或低沉，即语句的升调、降调和平调。英语的基本语调有三种：升调、降调和平调。一般情况下，陈述句与特殊疑问句句末读降调，一般疑问句句末读升调，句中的实词读平调；选择疑问句的选择部分前升后降；并列成分前面所有的项读升调，最后一项读降调；客气的语气用升调。 See the textbook.,Attenti
23、on:,升调和降调：调是指语调，语调就是说话时调门的上升或下降、声音的高亢或低沉，即语句的升调、降调和平调。英语的基本语调有三种：升调、降调和平调。一般情况下，陈述句与特殊疑问句句末读降调，一般疑问句句末读升调，句中的实词读平调；选择疑问句的选择部分前升后降；并列成分前面所有的项读升调，最后一项读降调；客气的语气用升调。 Wheres the nearest post office, please? Sorry, I dont know.Is there a bookshop near here?Yes, there is.Which bus do I need?I think you need a number 7 bus.I think Ill stay home and do some reading.There are seven days in a week. They are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday.,English Calligraphy,英语书写要领：横平竖直弧圆，满格右倾平行，大写小写分清，词距标点匀称。样例：,
