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1、Beijing Opera,CONTENTS,、History & Status,、Stylized action,、Skill & Roles,、Facial makeup,BeijingOpera,History,Part one,BeijingOpera,&Status,history,BeijingOpera,Known as Chinas national opera, Beijing Opera originated in the late 18th century from the basis of some local operas in Anhui and Hubei Pro
2、vinces. During the reign of the Qianlong emperor in the Qing dynasty, Qianlong had interest in the local opera. In 1790, to celebrate his eightieth birthday, he summoned opera troupes（戏班） from different places to perform for him in Beijing. Four famous troupes from Anhui province remained in Beijing
3、 after the celebration. In 1828, a Hubei troupe came to Beijing and often performed together with the Anhui troupes. The two types of singing mixed together and gradually a new type came into being known as Beijing Opera.,The early Qing Dynasty saw a great development of a plethora of operas. In the
4、 middle of the Qing Dynasty, Hui and Han operas were brought into Beijing. They became immensely popular with the imperial family, nobles, officials and the commoners. The marriage of Hui and Han operas became known as the Beijing opera.,status,BeijingOpera,Beijing Opera is the most influential and
5、representative of all operas in China. It has a history of more than 200 years. It has won great popularity not only in China but also throughout the world. Beijing Opera is a harmonious combination of many art forms. It is a synthesis of traditional music, dancing, poetry, acrobatics（杂技） and martia
6、l（尚武的） arts. It is famous for its exquisite costumes, beautiful make-up or painted face, and established performing conventions and rules.,The early Qing Dynasty saw a great development of a plethora of operas. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Hui and Han operas were brought into Beijing. They bec
7、ame immensely popular with the imperial family, nobles, officials and the commoners. The marriage of Hui and Han operas became known as the Beijing opera.,Stylized（程式化的） action,Part two,BeijingOpera,BeijingOpera,Beijing opera recreates settings and props（道具） through the use of mimed（模拟） gestures and
8、 actions. The stage has no real door, carriage, boat, mountain or horse; hence the actors will mime the action of opening the door, entering through the door, getting on a carriage, rowing a boat, climbing up a mountain and riding a horse. For example, the hands showing the action of holding a rein
9、means the actor is riding a horse, the act of opening a door means just that and walking round the stage in one circle means a long journey.,Skill &Roles,Part three,BeijingOpera,Skill,That is, sing (唱), read(念), do (做) and fight(打).,BeijingOpera,Sheng,Dan,Jing,Roles,Chou,Male role,Female role,Painte
10、d face male role,Clown role,BeijingOpera,TherolesontheChineseoperastagefallintofourcategoriesSheng,Dan,JingandChou.Theseroleshavethenaturalfeaturesofageandsex,aswellassocialstatus,andareartificiallyexaggeratedbymakeup,costumeandgestures.,Sheng,The Lao sheng is a dignified（庄重的） older role . These cha
11、racters have a gentle and cultivated disposition and wear sensible costumes .,Young male characters are known as Xiao sheng . These characters sing in a high , shrill voice with occasional breaks to represent the voice changing period of adolescence .,The Wu sheng is a martial（尚武的） character for rol
12、es involving combat .They are highly trained in acrobatics（杂技） , and have a natural voice when singing .,BeijingOpera,Dan,Qing yi (青衣）,Wu dan (武旦）,Lao dan (老旦）,Hua dan (花旦),The Dan refers to any female role in Beijing Opera . Dan roles were originally divided into four types . Virtuous（道德高尚的） and el
13、ite women were Qing yi , martial women were Wu dan , old women were Lao dan , and vivacious（活泼的） and unmarried women were Hua dan .,BeijingOpera,Zheng jing (正净）,Jing,Fu jing(副净）,Wu jing(武净）,The Jing is a painted face male role . Depending on the repertoire（全部剧目） of the particular troupe ,he will pla
14、y either primary or secondary roles . This type of role will entail a forceful character , so a Jing must have a strong voice and be able to exaggerate gestures.,BeijingOpera,Chou,Wen Chou (文丑）,Wu chou(武丑),The Chou is a male clown role . The Chou usually plays secondly roles in a troupe . Indeed , m
15、ost studies of Beijing opera classify the Chou as a minor role .,Chou roles can be divided into Wen chou , civilian roles such as merchants and jailers（狱卒）,and Wu chou , minor military roles .,BeijingOpera,Facial makeup,Part four,BeijingOpera,Beijingoperatypesoffacialmakeupinoperas,Beijing opera typ
16、es of facial makeup in operas, is a special feature of a national cosmetic . As each historical figure or a certain type of person has an approximate spectral type, likesing,playmusictothemusic, so called “types of facial makeup in operas”. On the types of facial makeup in operas sources, the genera
17、l view is from mask. Beijing opera types of facial makeup in operas are based on certain personality, temperament or some special types of figures for the use of certain colors.,BeijingOpera,Black faces , usually have neutral meanings , symbolizing just brave criticized integrity and even reckless ,
18、 however , they can also signifies uprightness.,Red faces have positive meanings , symbolizing loyal , brave , faithful and wise men , such as Guan Yu.,BeijingOpera,Yellow signifies vicious brutality(凶狠残暴 ) , such as Dian Wei.,Purple is a positive color, which signifies wisdom and bravery.,White fac
19、es have negative meanings that symbolize treacherous奸诈, insidious阴险 and crafty狡猾 men , such as Cao cao .,BeijingOpera,Blue or green have neutral meanings that symbolize the hero of the bush, with the former also hinting at strength and intrepidity （无畏）.,Gold and silver faces symbolize mysteriousness
20、, and stand for monsters or gods .,BeijingOpera,Four Famous Dan Actors,逼格,Mei Lan fang梅兰芳,Xun Huisheng荀慧生,逼格,Cheng Yan qiu程砚秋,Shang Xiao yun尚小云,BeijingOpera,BeijingOpera,The Mei Lanfang School 梅派The Cheng Yanqiu School 程派The Shang Xiaoyun School 尚派The Xun Huisheng School 荀派,Four famous Branches of B
21、eijing Opera named after famous performing artists,In this word there are only two kinds of people , those who like Beijing Opera , and the other people dont know they like Beijing Opera. Wang Peiyu(王佩瑜）,BeijingOpera,BeijingOpera,Beijing Opera is the essence of traditional Chinese arts . I hope you can learn more about Beijing Opera and enjoy the beauty of Beijing Opera.,BeijingOpera,Q&A,Thank You!,
