英语翻译技巧1讲述ppt课件.ppt

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1、翻译技巧,第一节:词义的选择、引申和褒贬,I 词义的选择英语中,除了像laser, radar这样专业化程度很高的词汇的词义比较单一外,其他的词往往一个词分属几个不同的词类,从而具有不同的词义,同一个词在同一个词类中可能又有几个甚至几十个不同的含义。一词多义在英语和汉语中都是很普遍的现象。如何从多个不同的词义中选择和确定词义是翻译过程中的一个重要环节。选择和确定词义可以从下面几个方面着手:A根据句子中的一个词的词类来选择和确定词义英语词义灵活,突出地表现为一词多义。以sound为例,它可以作名词,意为“声音”;可作动词,意为“发声”或“测量深度”;可以作形容词,意为“健康的”或“正确的”。但在

2、Air carries sound(空气传送声音)这个句子中,sound只可以作名词,作“声音”讲解。,第一节:词义的选择、引申和褒贬,soundnoun:1.sth that you can heara high/low soundthe different sounds and smells of the forest森林里的各种声音,第一节:词义的选择、引申和褒贬,2. the effect that is produced by the music of a particular singer or group of musicians 噪音,音乐风格I like their soun

3、d.我喜欢他们的音乐风格.3. impression the sound of sth.印象,感觉From the sound of things you were lucky to find him.看来你能找到他真是幸运。4. water ( of place names) a narrow passage of water that joins two larger areas of water syn:strait海湾,第一节:词义的选择、引申和褒贬,verb1. give impression给人印象His voice sounded strange on the phone.2.

4、sounding (在构成形容词)听起来的fine-sounding words听上去华而不实的话语,3. produce sound发出声音The bell sounded for the end of the class.下课铃响了。4. give warning/signal发出警报信号When I saw the smoke, I tried to sound the alarm.看到烟后,我就设法发出警报。5. produce发音You dont sound the “b” in the word comb.6. measure depth测量深度adj. 1. reliable t

5、he reach a sound conclusion得出可靠的结论 2. thorough透彻的,全面的,完备的a sound knowledge/understanding of sth.对某事透彻的了解理解He has a sound grasp of the issue.他对这些问题掌握得很全面。3. not damaged/hurt无损坏,完好的,健康的 We arrived home safe and sound.我们安然无恙地到了家。,The house needs attention but the roof is sound.房子需要修茸,不过屋顶还完好无损。 4. slee

6、p: deep and peaceful酣畅的,香甜的 to have a sound nights sleep一夜酣睡 5. good, but not excellent良好a sound piece of writing一篇不错的文章 6. physical punishment 严厉的,重的 to give sb. a sound beating 痛打某人一顿下面再以round为例:,1. In the first round our football team has had three wins and one defeats.在第一轮比赛中,我们的足球队三胜一负。(名词:回合,(

7、一)轮)2. The earth rounds the sun.地球环绕太阳运行。(动词:环绕而行)3. The earth is round.地球是圆的。(形容词:圆的)4. The exciting news soon carried round.激动人心的消息很快就四处传遍了。(副词:四处)5. The earth goes round the sun.地球围绕太阳运行。(介词:围绕,环绕),B根据一个词在上下文中与其他词的逻辑关系和搭配关系来确定词义由于同一个词在同一个词类中可能有多种词义,所以,有时确定了一个词的词类,仍然无法确定其准确的词义。在这种情况下,必须考察该词与其他词的关系

8、来确定词义。以work为例:1. This method worked very well.这种方法行之有效。,2. It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been able to work so many wonders in the past few decades.正是由于发明了电子计算机,人类才能够在过去的几十年中创造出这么多的奇迹。在上面两个例子中,work显然是作动词。第一例中的work是不及物动词,从它与主语method的逻辑联系来看,应在众多的词义中选取“奏效”、“起作用”之词义,因此将worked ve

9、ry well译为“行之有效”就很恰当。在第二例中,work是及物动词,译为“造成”,从它与宾语wonders(奇迹)的搭配关系来看,应译为“创造”。,C根据专业内容来确定词义同一个名词在不同的专业中往外具有不同的词义。例如:名词carrier在日常用语中意为“搬运者”,在医学上指“带菌者”,或“传播者”,在化学上指“载体”,在交通运输上指飞机、公共汽车等“交通工具”,在机械方面指“承载器”或“托架”,在海军中指“航空母舰”,在通信技术上指“载波”,在半导体技术上指“载流子”等。只要从上下文中弄清了它的专业范围,即可确定其词义。例如:3. A porter is a baggage carri

10、er.搬运工就是搬运行李的人。4. Flies and mosquitoes are carriers of infectious diseases.苍蝇和蚊子是传染病的传播者。5. The solder glass is in a powdered form and is suspended in a liquid carrier for ease and accuracy of application.为了便于使用和精确控制,焊料玻璃呈粉末状,并悬浮于液态载体中。,6. Before work you must carefully check whether flat tool is fa

11、stened on the tool carrier.工作前必须仔细检查平口刀是否紧固在刀架上。7. The pilot landed his plane on the aircraft carrier.驾驶员将飞机落在航空母舰上。,8. An alternative method is to transmit the combined digital signal from the parallel channels by frequency or phase modulation of common carrier.另一种方法是对公共载波调频或调相的方法发送并列信道的组合数字信号。,In

12、a crystal at equilibrium a dynamic balance exists between carrier generation and recombination.平衡晶体中载流子的产生与复合处于动态平衡之中。,II词义的引伸,任何词典都不可能把一个词在各种场合使用时的全部词义给出来,而只能给出基本词义。英译汉时,有时在词典上找不到某个词在该上下文中合适的词义,如果死搬硬套英汉词典上的词义,可能造成译文生硬,含糊不清,不能确切表达原义,甚至造成误解。这时就应根据上下文的逻辑关系,从该词的基本词义出发,进一步引申,选择比较恰当的词汇来表达,引申是意译过程中的一种具体的翻

13、译方法。词义引申有两种截然不同的方法:抽象词义具体化和具体词义抽象化。1. A sofa is a compromise between a chair and a bed.沙发是介于椅子和床之间的东西。(compromise:折衷,妥协。抽象词义具体化),II词义的引伸,2Nixon was pleased by the distinction, but not overwhelmed.尼克松对这种破格的礼遇感到高兴,但并没有受宠若惊。译者将distinction的词义有“区别、荣誉”具体化为“破格的礼遇”,将overwhelm的词义由“压倒、使不知所措”引申为“受宠若惊”,不仅忠实于原文,

14、形式上也很吻合对称。3.We are all human beings, and have the same organs and share the same experiences and agonies.我们都是人,都有相同的五脏六腑(organs:器官),都要经历生老病死,悲欢离合。上例中the same organs仅指我们在人体结构方面有共同性,并不指具体的“器官”:experiences(经历)和agony(极度的痛苦)在译文中具体化为“生老病死”、“悲欢离合”,agony的词义已包含在“病、死、悲、离”之中。4.Every life has its roses and thor

15、ns.,II词义的引伸,误:每种生活都有它的玫瑰花和刺。正:每个人的生活总是有甜也有苦。将roses和thorns的具体词义抽象化为它们所代表的属性:“甜”和“苦”,也可译为“乐”和“苦”。5.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists.误:在帝国主义者的性格中有老虎和猿的混合物。正:帝国主义者的性格即残暴又狡猾。将tiger和ape这两个具体形象抽象化为它们所代表的属性:“残暴”和“狡猾”。特别应注意的是,对词义的引申一定要掌握好尺寸。不该引申的或引申过头了都会造成画蛇添足的

16、不良后果。例如:6.The ill-paid workers ought to save sufficient means in their early days to support themselves in the decline of life.误:入不敷出的劳动者应当及早积攒足够的资财以便在晚年维持生计。既然“入不敷出”就不可能“积攒足够的资财”,故ill-paid在此应取本意“收入不多的”或“工资不高的”。,III词义的褒贬,英语和汉语一样,词本身可能带褒贬的意义。例如:带褒贬的词:noble(高尚的),heroic(英雄的),sacrifice(牺牲),polite(有礼貌的),

17、brave(勇敢的),kindness(仁慈)等。带贬义的词:accomplice(帮凶),cheat(欺骗、骗子),cruel(残忍的),die-hard(顽固的),invasion(侵略、入侵)等。在一定的上下文中,这些词的褒贬意义也可能发生转化。例如:1. Our conference did in the end make detailed plans for the invasion. The date was to be 4 June, 1944.我们的会议最后确实制定了进攻(X入侵)的详细方案。日期定在1944年6月4日。2. We had been conferring wit

18、h our allies on the crucial question of whether and when the island should be invaded.,III词义的褒贬,我们已经同我们的盟国谈了是否进攻(X入侵)及何时进攻(X入侵)该岛的紧急问题。以上两句是丘吉尔在第二次世界大战史一书中谈盟国反攻的情况。这两句的主语是Our conference和We,谈自己一方不会将invasion和invaded用于贬义。所以,尽管invasion, invade一般指“入侵”,带贬义,但在这两句的译文中应转义为带中性的“进攻”。有些词义是中性的,本身不表示褒贬意义,但在一定的上下文

19、中,可能带上褒贬意义。例如:ambition雄心;野心3. I am very reluctant to give up an ambition which I have cherished for over twenty years.我真不愿放弃这20多年来抱有的雄心壮志。4. The domineering ambition of Hitlers Germany was not satisfied.希特勒德国的称霸野心没有得逞。incite:激励;煽动5. The captains example incited the men to bravery.船长的榜样激发了水手们的勇敢精神。,I

20、II词义的褒贬,6. The plotters incited a crowd riot.阴谋者煽动群众暴乱。翻译时一定要根据上下文来确定这些中性词的褒贬含义。,第二节:词类转译法,在英译汉过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,就不能“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类,才能使汉语译文通顺自然。词类转译的情况归纳起来有以下四种:一、转译成动词英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较多,这是一个特点。往往在英语句子中只有一个谓语动词,而在汉语中却可以有几个动词或动词性结构连用。例如,在He admires the President

21、s stated decision to fight for the job(他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩)中,英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词,其它用的是过去分词(stated)、动词派生名词(decision)、不定式(to fight)和前置词(for)等。汉语没有词形变化,但可以几个动词连用。因此,英语中不少词类(尤其名词、前置词、形容词、副词)在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。(一)名词转译成动词英语中大量有动词派生的名词和具有动作意味的名词以及其它名词往往可转译成汉语动词。1、由动词派生的名词转译成动词,在政论文体中出现比较多。,1) One after anothe

22、r, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.发言人一个接一个表示要打倒帝国主义,要消灭人剥削人的制度,要解放世界上的被压迫人民。2)Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nucleararms race had foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the

23、 right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russias refusal.到一九七二年为止,美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了:美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场,而苏联则拒绝这样做。3)Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。2含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。1)As sight and sound of our jet pl

24、anes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。2)As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was complete.,一周快结束时,敌人彻底溃退了。1英语中有些加后缀-er的名词,如teacher教师, thinker思想家等等,有时在句子中并不指其身份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时,往往可以译成动词。1)I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is

25、a better teacher than I.我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。2)Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings.在和儿子谈话时,老人宽恕了年青人过去所干的坏事。上例中的teacher, forgiver,如直译为“教师”、“宽恕者”,既不符原文的含义,有不合乎汉语表达习惯,所以应转译成动词。但She is a well-known singer一句中的singer确是指她的职业,所以只能译成名词:她是一位著名的歌唱家。而Some of m

26、y class-mates are good singers这一句中的singers则显然不是指他们的职业,所以还是应该译成动词:我同班同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好。2作为习语主体的名词往往可转译成动词,如To have a rest和To have a good look at里的rest和look.1)They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.他们最后看了一眼铁麦克一眼-它依然安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。,2)The next new bulletin, shorter than usual, made no

27、 mention of the demonstration.下一个新闻节目比通常短,没有提到旅行。(二)前置词转译成动词英语中前置词是用得相当多的,其中有些没有动作意味而仅表示时间、地点的前置词,汉译时往往可以省略,但有许多含有动作意味的前置词,如across, past, toward等等,汉译时往往可以译成动词。1)Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.党的干部吃简陋的饮食,住寒冷的窑洞,靠微弱的灯光,长时间工作。2)“Coming!” Away she skimmed o

28、ver the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.“来啦!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。(三)形容词转译成动词英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词,在联系动词后作表语用时,往往可以转译成汉语动词。常见的这类形容词有:confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delight

29、ed, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious, grateful, able等。,1)Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。2)The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.他能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。(四)副词转译成动词1)As he ran out, he forgot to have his

30、 shoes on.他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子。2) That day he was up before sunrise.那天他在日出以前就起来了。3)She opened the window to let fresh air in.她把窗子打开,让新鲜空气进来。二转译成名词(一)英语中很多由名词派生的动词,以及有名词转用的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将其转译成汉语名词。1名词派生的动词1)Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。2)To them, he person

31、ified the absolute power.在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。2名词转用的动词1)In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted against the sky.,黎明时,天空映出了了望塔的轮廓。(二)有些英语被动式句子中的动词,可以译成“受(遭)到+名词”、“予(加)以+名词”这类结构。1)Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.S. press and officialdom during this period, victimized for his views.在这期

32、间,斯诺受到了美国新闻界和政界极不公正的对待,由于他的观点,他受到了迫害。(三)形容词转译成名词1英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人,汉译时常译成名词。1)They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。2)Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人,热爱并保护穷人。,2此外,根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词1)Stevenson was eloquent an

33、d elegantbut soft.史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软弱。2)The Wilde family were religious.王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。3)They were considered insincere.他们被人认为是伪君子。三、译成形容词(一)形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。1)The pallor of her face indicated cleared how she was feeling at the moment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。,2)The security and warmth of the destroyers sick

34、 bay were wonderful.驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖,好极了。(二)有些名词加不定冠词作表语时,往往可以译成形容词。1)The blockade was a success.封锁很成功。2)As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.他对这城市完全陌生,所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。3)Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。,四其它词类转译(一)形容词与副词

35、的互相转译1英语名词译成汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。1)Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightning made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero.偶尔下一点毛毛雨,断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。2)We took brief, restless naps, struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of Radio Prague,我们短

36、短地、不安地睡了几次,竭力想听懂布拉格电台断断续续的广播2英语动词译成汉语名词时,修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。1)The film “Carve Her Name with Pride” impressed him deeply.女英烈传这部电影给了他深刻的印象。2)He routinely radioed another agent on the ground.,他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无限电联络。3)The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。3由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同,还

37、有一些英语形容词可译为汉语副词。1)This is sheer nonsense.这完全是胡说。2)Buckley was in a clear minority.巴克利显然属于少数。,(二)名词与副词的互相转译1名词转译成副词1)When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。2)The new mayor earned some appreciation b

38、y the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民,获得了他们的一些好感。,2副词转译成名词1)They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally.但是,他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。2)Tact must be used in requesting permission; and unless it is given willingly and cordially, the patrol shall not be la

39、nded.征求同意,应注意方式方法,同意如果不是出于自愿真诚,巡逻队就不得登陆。3)He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身体虽弱,但思想健康。,翻译技巧-加注,由于英汉文化存在许多差异,因此英语中某些文化词语在汉语中根本就没有对等词,形成了词义上的空缺。在这种情况下,英译汉时常常要采用加注法来弥补空缺。加注通常可以用来补充诸如背景材料、词语起源等相关信息,便于读者理解。加注法可分为音译加注和直译加注两种。,一.音译加注指音译后附加解释性注释。,注释可长可短,可采用文中注释,也可采用脚注,还可二者合用。例如: cartoon 卡通片 Hamburg

40、er 汉堡包 Benz 奔驰车 clone 克隆(一种无性繁殖方法),sauna 桑那浴(源于芬兰的一种蒸汽浴) hacker 黑客(在信息空间中主动出击,对他人的电脑或网络系统进行诸如窥探、篡改或盗窃保密的数据及程序的过程,并可能由此造成混乱和破坏的电脑迷) El Nino 厄尔尼诺(现象)(指严重影响全球气候的太平洋热带海域的大风及海水的大规模移动) Bunsen 本生灯(一种煤气灯) AIDS 爱滋病(一种性免疫缺损综合症),(1) Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regimen; and how much more

41、this poor old nervous victim? (2) Big Ben is ringing the hour.,按照这样的养生之道,别说这可怜的老太太了,就连健康女神哈奇亚*也会害病。 *哈奇亚是希腊神话中的健康女神。 大本钟*在当当报时。伦敦英国议院塔上的大钟。,(3) Pizza is my sons favorite American food. 比萨饼是我儿子最喜欢的美国食品。 (4) New York was never Mecca to me.纽约从不是我心中的圣地麦加。,(5) Like a son of Bachus, he can drink up two bo

42、ttles of whisky at a breath. (6) Say you shoot a video that you think is particularly artsy. Beam it out and make a small fortune by charging an untold number of viewers a fee for watching. Peter Jennings would be obsolete.,他简直像酒神巴赫斯的儿子,能一口气喝光两瓶威士忌。 *巴赫斯是古希腊神话中的酒神。你拍了一部自认为特别有艺术价值的电视片,那就将此片对外播放,并通过向无

43、数的观众收费挣点钱。这样人们就不再需要著名的新闻播音员彼特杰宁斯了。.,(7)He saw himself, in a smart suit, bowed into the opulent suites of Ritzes. 他发现自己身着漂亮的礼服,被恭恭敬敬地引进了像里兹饭店*一般的豪华旅馆的客房里下榻。 *里兹饭店原为瑞士人里兹(1850-1919)开设,以豪华著称。,(8)A dead leaf fell in Soapys lap. That was Jack Frosts card.,一片枯叶飘落到苏贝的膝头。那是杰克弗罗斯特*的名片。 *杰克弗罗斯特(Jack Frost)是英文

44、里对寒霜的拟人称号。,(9)“It is true that the enemy won the battle, but theirs is but a Pyrrhic victory,” said the General.,将军说:“敌人确实赢得了战斗,但他们的胜利只是皮洛士的胜利*,得不偿失。” *皮洛士(Pyrrhus)是古希腊伊庇鲁斯国王,曾率兵至意大利与罗马交战,付出惨重代价,打败罗马军队,由此即以“皮洛士式的胜利”一词来借喻惨重的代价。,10)Nancy Reagan, and not George Gallup, may well have the final say. 拥有最后

45、发言权的,并非乔治盖洛普*民意测验,而是南希里根。 *乔治盖洛普(1901- )为美国统计学家。他发明的民意测验方法在西方广为流行。他的名字盖洛普也就成了这种测验方法的通称。,(11)You look like AL-Capone in that suit. 你穿上那套衣服,看上去就像个流氓阿尔卡彭*了。 *阿尔卡彭是美国历史上一著名歹徒,芝加哥犯罪集团的一首领。,(12) It is always inspiring to see a brave man fighting for a lost cause, and I never cease to admire the Jacobitish

46、 zeal with which year after year Mr. John Ervine carries on a guerrilla war-fare against the ever-increasing power of tobacco. 看勇敢的人为一种无望的事业而奋斗总令人鼓舞。我心里一直钦佩约翰欧文先生年复一年地以斯图亚特王朝拥护者的热忱,进行游击战般的战斗,来对抗日益增强的烟草势力。 *Jacobitish系Jacobite的形容词形式,指1688年被迫退位的英王JamesII的拥护者,James II王室即所谓的 House of Stuart(斯图亚特王室),二.直译

47、加注指直译原文,并附加解释性注释。,注释可长可短,既可采用文中注释,也可采用脚注,还可二者合用。例如: Big Apple 大苹果(纽约的别称) mad-cow disease 疯牛病(牛海绵状脑病) Oval Office 椭圆形办公室(美国白宫总统办公室) Desert Storm 沙漠风暴(1991年美国领导的多国部队对伊拉克实施的军事打击行动),(1)It was Friday *and soon theyd go out and get drunk.,星期五发薪日到了,他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。 *星期五Friday为英国的发薪日。如不解释,译入语读者就不会明白英国人为什么要在

48、这一天上街去大吃大喝。,(2)While it may seem to be painting the lily, I should like to add somewhat to Mr.Alistair Cookes excellent article.,我想给阿利斯太尔库克先生的杰作稍加几笔,尽管这也许是为百合花上色,费力不讨好。 *在西方人眼里,百合花是高贵、贞洁、美丽的象征,故为百合花上色自然是做徒劳无益之事。,(3) Even before they were acquainted, he had admired Osborn in secret. Now he was his va

49、let, his dog, his man Friday.,他没有认识奥斯本之前,已经暗暗佩服他。如今便成了他的听差,他的狗,他的忠仆星期五*。 *星期五(Friday)是鲁滨逊漂流记故事中Robinson Crusoe的忠实奴仆。,(4)The man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to Newcastle.,刚下一场及时雨,那人却又为草坪浇水,真是把煤运到纽卡斯尔,多此一举。 *纽卡斯尔:英国煤都。,(5)I am as poor as Job, my lord, but not so patient. 我

50、象约伯一样穷的,大人,可是却没有他那样的好耐心。 *在圣经中,约伯以忍耐贫穷著称。,(6) Oh! Tell us about her. Auntie, cried imogen. I can just remember her. Shes the skeleton in the family cupboard, isnt she? 哦,给我们讲一讲她的事儿吧,好姑姑,伊莫根嚷嚷道,我几乎记不得她了,她是咱们家衣橱里的骷髅,丑得见不得人,是吗?,(7) The May-day dance, for instance, was to be discerned on the afternoon u

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