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1、托福阅读备考积累词汇技巧实例讲解 托福阅读备考积累词汇技巧实例讲解 ,生词变熟词要这么操作,今天给大家带来了解读托福阅读主旨题题型算分方式和答题技巧,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福阅读备考积累词汇技巧实例讲解 生词变熟词要这么操作托福阅读如何看*积累新词汇?单词量不够一直是很多考生阅读时遇到的障碍之一。考生除了通过背词汇书提高词汇量之外，也可以利用托福阅读*来积累新词汇。具体该如何操作呢?首先，考生将一篇托福阅读*中不认识的单词划出来，标上序号，然后整理到笔记本上。整理完成后，很多考生自然会想到通过查阅词典来记录单词的意思。事实上，考生在精读时，不要过分依赖词典，而是
2、多尝试练习猜词的方法，这样真正上考场时，考生遇到生词不会过分紧张。具体来说，在查阅词典之前，考生应该先根据单词所在的上下文语境猜测单词的含义，然后再通过查阅词典来进行核实，最后将正确含义记录在笔记本上。托福阅读中的学科词汇要积累吗?是不是所有自己不认识的单词都需要仔细背诵呢?当然不是。托福阅读*具有多学科的特点，所以，势必会有很多学科词汇是考生所不认识的，对于专业的学科词汇，考生只要做到识记含义即可，比如，perennial (多年生植物)、biennial (两年生植物)、annual (一年生植物)等植物学词汇。那么，哪些词汇是必须认真背诵与掌握的呢?简单地说，就是那些影响考生理解句子的单
3、词。以下面这个例句为例。Papermaking spread quickly to Egyptand eventually to Sicily and Spainbut it was several centuries before paper supplanted parchment for copies of the Koran, probably because of theconservative nature of religious art and its practitioners. (托福官方真题34 “Islamic Art and the Book”)大部分考生在精读这句话
4、时会查阅这四个划线的单词，其中Koran表示伊斯兰教中的古兰经，这一专有名词考生只作基本了解即可，因为考生即使不认识这个单词，也不会干扰对句子的理解。而其余的三个单词supplant (取代)、parchment (羊皮卷)、conservative (保守的)都会妨碍考生对原句的理解，如果考生不认识这些单词，就会很难理解出句子的意思为“经过多个世纪之后，纸张才取代羊皮卷用来抄写某个东西”这个关键信息，也会不明白because of后面提及的原因究竟是什么。从词性的角度来说，影响句子理解的单词一般是动词和形容词，因为它们通常透露着原句的重要细节。从托福阅读考试来说，动词和形容词也是词汇题比较“
5、青睐”的考查对象。托福阅读可以积累写作用的词汇此外，考生还可以从托福阅读*中积累写作中可以用到的单词或词组。以下面例句为例。In the wake of the Roman Empires conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications(碉堡), and participa
6、tion in the local economy. (托福官方真题19 “The Roman Armys Impact on Britain”)考生可能不认识considerable，查阅后会知道它意为“相当大的;重要的”，那么have a considerable on sth.就表示“对产生重大影响”，这个词组在很多写作话题中都可以使用，考生可以将其作为写作表达积累起来，比如，考生要表达“阅读对人的性格产生着重大影响”的含义，则可以说：“Reading books has a considerable impact on peoples characters.”精读词汇的最后一步就是在笔
7、记本上把那些需要重点记忆的单词用荧光笔再次强调突出，然后多花时间进行重点背诵和记忆。托福阅读详解之摄影史Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, and quite logically, the art of painting was forever changed, though not always in the ways one might have
8、 expected. The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photographyas a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. The images produced by the camera obscura,
9、a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiarthe device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a
10、way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the daguerreotype, was announced in 1839.A second and very different process was patented by the British inventor William H
11、enry Talbot (1800-1877) in 1841. Talbots calotype was the firstnegative-to-positive process and the direct ancestor of the modern photograph. The calotype was revolutionary in its use of chemically treated paper in which areas hit by light became dark in tone, producing a negative image. This negati
12、ve, as Talbot called it, could then be used toprint multiple positive images on another piece of treated paper.The two processes produced very different results. The daguerreotype was a unique image that reproduced what was in front of the camera lens in minute, unselective detail and could not be d
13、uplicated. The calotype could be made in series, and was thus the equivalent of an etching or an engraving. Its general effect was soft edged and tonal.词汇解析：perception n. 看法;感知alter v. 更改logical adj. 逻辑的;合乎逻辑的intent adj. 坚决的;专注的react v. 作出反应;起不良反应;反抗impatient adj. 无耐心的topographical adj. 地形的permanent
14、 adj. 永久的;不断发生的silver n. 银;银器patent n. v. adj. 专利;得到.专利;显而易见的强调ancestor n. 祖先;物种原型multiple adj. v. 多功能的;倍数reproduce v. 复制;重演duplicate v. n. 复制;复制品etch v. 凿刻;铭刻engrave v. 刻上tonal adj. 声调的难句解析：The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of ph
15、otographyas a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.十九世纪中期与后期的现实主义和自然主义画家都高度关注摄影术，将其当作一门可以使用、借鉴而且要适应的技术。The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiarthe device
16、had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice.当时针孔照相机已经为大家所熟识，它是一种是用小孔或透镜将摄影投射到毛玻璃屏或一张白纸上的盒状设备，这种设备已经为很多地貌风景画家所用，像意大利画家卡纳莱托就用它详细记录了威尼斯城。The calotype was revolutionary in its use of chemically treated paper in which area
17、s hit by light became dark in tone, producing a negative image. This negative, as Talbot called it, could then be used to print multiple positive images on another piece of treated paper.卡罗式摄影法革命性地使用了化学处理的纸片，纸片上受到光照射的区域的色调会变暗于是产生了负像。这种被塔尔博特称为“负片”的东西随后会被用于在另一张化学处理的纸片上洗印多张正像。The calotype could be made
18、 in series, and was thus the equivalent of an etching or an engraving. Its general effect was soft edged and tonal.而卡罗式摄影法可以洗出多张照片，因此相当于蚀刻术或雕刻术。其整体的效果是轮廓和色调模糊。填空本篇*介绍了两种摄影技术_和_技术诞生于1839年;_技术诞生于1841年;两种摄影技术产生了不同的效果：_得到唯一一张影像;_可以洗出多张照片Answers:Daguerreotype, calotypeDaguerreotype, calotypeDaguerreotype
19、, calotype托福阅读备考之100个必懂短语1. a couple of 两三个，几个Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later.2. account for 解释Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearanc
20、e.3. adapt to 使适应于They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.4, adorn with sth 用装饰Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.5.appeal to 吸引Publishing literature consisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both children and adults6.apply to 适用于Ethological theory began
21、to be applied to research on children in the 1960s.7.at best 充其量，最多Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits.8.at intervals 相隔一定距离However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than us
22、ual.9.at the expense of sth 在损害的情况下A multitude of microorganisms make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.10.at the height of sth 在最鼎盛时期The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.11.back and forth 来回地They then spiral back and fort
23、h between the Earths magnetic poles very rapidly.12.be absent from 缺席，不在Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women line were not considered an important force in history.13.be capable of 能的Many animals are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary to
24、ols.14. be characterized by 以为特征The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow, dorsal nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement, the brain.15.be composed of 由组成Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.16.be concerned with 与某事物有关Ethnology is concerned with the study
25、 of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history.17.be distinct from 与不同Jupiter and the other giant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets18.be essential to 对不可缺少Public performance is essential to verbal art.19.be exposed to 使接触，使遭受Body
26、 contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air.20.be far from 离很远，根本不是But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration.21. be hostile to 极不友好的，极厌恶的Ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans22.be regarded as
27、 被认为是Humanitys primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics.23.be related to 与有关的，相联系的Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?24. be responsible for 对负责In fact, nuclear reactions that convert hydr
28、ogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce.25. be sensitive to 对敏感的Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals.26.be subjected to 经历，遭受Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, t
29、ransforming it into petroleum.27. be superior to 优越于Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones28 .be traced to 找出根源The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.29. be/become aware of 意识到，认识到People became aware of the new serv
30、ice by word of mouth or newspaper advertisements.30. be/become/get accustomed to 习惯于In the harsh environment of northern Europe, Scandinavian women had been accustomed to practicing forms of shifting cultivation, and they immediately understood Native American horticulture.31. be/become/get involved
31、 in 与有关联的Two distinct processes are involved in molting.32.benefit from 从中受益Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.33.break down 分解All of these forces slowly break down the Earths exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually become clay.34.by far
32、到目前为止Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils.35.by means of 通过，凭借The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of Adividing the discussion into two major areas.36.by virtue of 由于Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and part
33、icular characteristics37.confine to 限制在一定范围之内The delivery service was at first confined to cities.38.conform to 符合Parks should be designed to conform to the topography of the area39.contribute to 有贡献，有助于Transportation contributed to the development and maintenance of trade.40.cope with 对付Under certa
34、in circumstance the human body must cope with gases at greater-than-normal atmospheric pressure.41.date back to 始于In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.42. depend on 依靠The gulls depend on the falcons for protection.43. deprive sb/sth of sth 剥夺.某事物Plant stems die when
35、 deprived of water.44.derive from 获得，起源于Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input.45.due to 由于，因为Due to their dense structure, iron meteorites have the best chance of surviving an impact, and most are found by farmers plowing their fields.46. evolve from/out of 从.进化来，从发展来The one most widely
36、accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.47.extract from 提取It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath.48.feed on 以为食物Predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals.49.focus on 集中(注意力)于They fo
37、cus on the meaning of their parents words.50. get rid of 处理掉Atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention.51.give access to 向开放To connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with s
38、tone staircases for ascending cliff faces.52.give birth to 使诞生，引起Most insects lay eggs, but some give birth to live young.53.give off 发散，发出If Jupiter were larger, it would give off much less heat.54.give rise to 引起，导致The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.55.go bey
39、ond 超过，越过An interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subjects underlying feelings and reasons.56.go out of business 停业，关门The shop went out of business.57.have nothing to do with 与无关A species survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt.58.impart to 传授给The
40、y functioned as sanctuaries where the elders impart tribal lore to the younger generation.59.impose on 强加于New regulations were imposed on nontraditional education.60.in common 共同No two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common.61.in favor of 赞同，支持The artist was in favor of a
41、 traditional style of painting.62.in quantity 大量，大批There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means.63.in season 当季Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season.64.in spite of 尽管，任凭In sp
42、ite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panel paintings have survived.65.in the absence of 在缺乏的情况下The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities.66.in vi
43、ew of 由于In view of the rate at which the radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in a few million years.67.instead of 代替Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves.68.invest in 投资He started to invest in the towns cultural development.69.lead to 导致，引起In fact, there is w
44、ide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation.70.leave out 排除Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questio
45、ns unanswered.71.off the mark 不正确This analogy is not far off the mark.72.on behalf of 代表Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.73. on the basis of 在的基础上Antoine Lavisher, on the basis of careful experimentation, was led to propose a diff
46、erent theory of burning74.owing to 由于，因为Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils, owing to the incredible richness of marine life.75.perceive sth as sth 认为Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly i
47、nfluenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it.76.pick up 学会Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues.77.put off 推迟Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time.78.regardless of 不顾Ultimat
