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1、1,三 大 从 句,夏津一中：唐庆超,一轮复习语法专练,2,一、从句概述,从句只能做主句的某一部分,依附于主句而存在,不能独立。从句也具有句子的特征，即有自己的主谓结构；而且带有引导词。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、形容词性（定语）从句和副词性（状语）从句三类。,3,二、从句三要素,例句：He is the boy that I am looking for.请大家概括一下从句的三要素：1、完整的主谓关系2、恰当的连接词3、陈述语序,4,（一）、名词性从句,名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其关联词有连词that, if, whether；连接代词what, w
2、ho, which和连接副词when, where, why, how等。,5,(二)连接词的分类及用法,连词：that、whether、if用法：只连从句，不做成分，that作宾语时经常省略。例句：他明天要来这件事是真的。我不知道会议明天能否准时召开。,6, 为保持句子平衡， that 引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语而把真正的主语从句后置。主要有以下几种情况。例句：,1、难怪他不饿呢，他吃糖吃了一整天了。It is no wonder that he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.2、据报道，中国又发射了一颗人造卫星。I
3、t is reported that China has sent another man-made satellite.3、明天他来不来这里没关系。 It doesnt matter whether he will come here or not tomorrow.4、我突然想到昨天我忘记锁门了。 It suddenly occurred to me that I had forgotten to lock the door yesterday.,7,Whether 和if 的用法区别,A：主语从句B：表语从句C：同位语从句D：介词的宾语从句E：or not 或 直接跟不定式（to do)
4、,8,2连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which。 用法：既连接从句，又在从句中做成分。（主、宾、表、定）例句：他现在最需要的是你的陪伴。What he needs most is your company.我不知道明年我会考上那所大学，但我保证我一定不会放弃的。I dont know which college I will go to next year, but I guarantee that I will never give up. what 和 which 的区别。,9,3连接副词： where, when, why, how 用法：既连接从句，又在从
5、句中做状语。例句：我不知道我们会在哪儿开会。I dont know where we are going to have the meeting.我急于想知道的是我们什么时候去参观博物馆。What Im anxious to know is when we can visit the museum.,10,(二）定语从句复习,1.定语从句类型,限定性定语从句,非限定性定语从句,2.定语从句关系词,关系代词 6个,关系副词 3个,关系代词 that which who whom whose as,关系副词 when where why,11,怎样判断一个从句是不是定语从句,概念：定语从句又叫形容
6、词性从句，即一个句子修饰一个名词的结构,The boy who got injured in the accident was sent to hospital immediately,判断以下句子是不是定语从句并选择,I advise you to cancel _is unnecessary.He remembered the weekends _ he climbed mountains.We took a picture_ there is a tower.A. What B. when C. that D. where E. which,12,考点一: 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副
7、词?,13,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when /in which,Which/that /省略,whe
8、re/ in which,why/ for which,that/which,Vt.,Vt.,Vt.,Which/that /省略,当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时,a. All that can be done has been done.b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,考点二：只用 that不用 which, 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little,
9、much修饰时：,Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.,先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,1. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. 2. This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.,16,先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。,That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.This is the very bo
10、ok (that) I want to find., 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：,He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.,17,用which不用that,1.非限定性地语从句2.在介词加关系代词中,18,1) Do you have anything _ you dont understand?2) The only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice.3) Who
11、 is the man _ is standing there?4) She heard a terrible noise， _ brought her heart into her mouth.,that,that,that,which,练一练：that 与 which,19,填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/ which/不填,that/in
12、 which/不填,缺宾语,考点三：the way用做先行词,缺少主语或宾语:,引导词用that / which / 不填(缺宾语时),主语宾语都不缺:,引导词用that / in which / 不填,20,3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. （湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which,高考题链接：,21,试一试 介词加关系代词,1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talki
13、ng?2. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.3. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.,to whom,with which,on which,22,考点四：介词+关系词,定语从句句首为介词时,后可接的关系词为:,介词+whom / which / whose,e.g. I recognized the boss in company my sister was working.,总结,whose,23,介词的选用原则根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。如：
14、This is the camera _ I spent 6 yuan. This is the camera _ I paid 6 yuan.,spend money on sth.为固定搭配,ay money for sth.为固定搭配,on which,for which,24,2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：I remember the day _ I came to my tower of ivory.I remember the days _ I visited Paris.,强调在具体某一天要用介词on,强调在某几天时间内要用介词during,on which,during
15、which,25,3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。 Is that the newspaper _ you often write articles?,for which,26,3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.,As,难点一：as的用法,asthatwhich1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.,as,that,归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, s
16、o, as 修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, 结构，as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。,27,注意,as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round.,which/ as,As,28,1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。,难
17、点二：一些特殊词之后的where,解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。,29,1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we mu
18、st insist on . （江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /,比较一下：,不缺成分用where缺宾语用that/which/不填,30,1. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. (NMET) A. which B. that C. where D. when,31,2. The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that
19、faraway village.(NMET) A. until B. that C. when D. where,32,3. _ is reported, the storm will last for a long time. _is reported is that the storm will last for a long time. _is reported that the storm will last for a long time. A. That B. What C. It D. As,D,B,C,33,4. The car _ owner is a musician is
20、 in good condition.(湖北) A. whom B. whose C. that D. which,34,5. I dont like the way_tourists were treated in Sanya.on which B. in whichC. in that D. where,35,例析：定语从句易错点,易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用 e.g. 1. Ill never forget the days when I spent in New York with you. 2. Ill never forget the days which I visited
21、 New York with you. 易错点二：固定句式出错 e.g. 1. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her. 2. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves. 易错点三：主语和谓语不一致的现象 e.g. 1.Tom is one of the students who likes swimming. 2. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.,36,易错点四：与强调句及其他句型的混合e.g. 1. Was
22、it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen?易错点五：对先行词概念不明确e.g. 1. Is this library that you visited yesterday? 2. Is this the library where you visited yesterday? 易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误e.g. 1. I dont like the way which you speak to her.,37,易错点七：忽略that和which引导限定性定语从句的区别e.g. 1. T
23、his is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen. （怎么改）易错点八:介词前置出错e.g. 1. Tell him all the things on which he should pay attention. (怎么改） 易错点九：which和whose意义不明确e.g. 1. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.,38,wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It
24、 is from this library_I borrowed the book.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,综合考查一：定语从句与强调句,3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when,难点三.综合考查,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,39,综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句,1. We all have heard
25、 the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,that/which/,that/which,40,1. We should go to the place_ we are most needed.2. We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. what,B,C,对比训练,41,1. It was October_we met in Damiao for the first time
26、. 2. It was in October_we met in Damiao for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. while,C,A,对比训练,42,1. He is such a good teacher_ we all like him. 2. He is such a good teacher_ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. which,B,C,对比训练,43,（三、）状语从句,44,1.While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster
27、 took his place. ( )2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( )3. Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. （ ）4. Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( ),时间,地点,原因,目的,判断下列状语从句的种类,45,5. So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. (
28、)6. As long as you dont lose heart, youll succeed. ( )7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( )8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ( ) 9.He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. ( ),结果,条件,让步,方式,比较,46,一个_在复合句中用作状语时,在语法上叫状语从句。从句由_ 、_或_引导。状语从句可分为：1) _ 2) _ 3) _ 4) _
29、5) _ 6) _ 7) _ 8) _ 9) _等,句子,概念,时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,方式,比较,让步,名词词组,从属连词,副词,47,一. 时间状语从句的引导词,1. when, while , as, before, after, until, till, since, ever since, once, as soon as ，,2. every time, next/last/each time, the first time, the moment, the minute, the instant,4. hardlywhen, no soonerthan, scarce
30、lywhen,3. immediately, instantly, directly,48,when, while, as_ we were talking, Mr. Smiths came in._ they came home, I was cooking dinner. I was about to go to bed _ I heard someone knock at the door.4. _ we were watching TV, he was studying.5. He is fat _ his brother is thin.6. _ she sang, tears ra
31、n down her face.,While/ When,When,when,While,while,As,49,连接词when、while、as的用法小结1、when 的用法：（1）when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如： When the film ended, the people went back. When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.,50,（2）可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at
32、this/that time。常用于句式：Somebody was doing something when Sb. was about to do sth. when (刚要这时突然),51,2、连接词while的用法 （1） while意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间内”，引导的从句动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。 People dont talk so loudly while others are working.（2）从句和主句的谓语动词都为延续性动词时, 只能用while; while还可作并列连词,表示”而”. I was reading while he w
33、as watching TV.（3）引导让步状语从句(句首）,52,3as 的用法：(1) as 着重强调主句和从句的动作同时或几乎同时发生，如： The students rose as the teacher entered the classroom. (2)as还可以表示“随着”，如： As time goes by, it is getting colder and colder.(3) As 还能表示“一边一边”，如： He looked behind from time to time as he went.,53,before,after,since,He had left t
34、he town the day _ she arrived.It was not long _ he left his hometown.I played football _ I (had) finished my homeworkPlease tell her Ill come _ I do some shopping.,before,after,before,after,54,5. It will not be long _ we meet each other again.6. I _ (be) at his bedside since he _ (become) ill.7. It
35、_ (be) two years since we _ (begin) to use this machine.,before,have been,became,is/ has been,began,55,Conclusion:1）句型It will be/was一段时间before “还要过多久才” 如： It will be two years before he leaves the country.2）句型It will be/was not一段时间before “不多久就”，如： It was not long before he worked out the problem.,56
36、,3）句型It be一段时间since ,该句型主句和从句中动词谓语时态的搭配很严格。It is/has been since sb. did sth. 如： It is three years since she joined the army.从句动词为瞬间动词，表示“自以来，已经过去多长时间了”。It is four days since she was ill.从句谓语动词为延续性动词，表示“自结束以来，已经过去多长时间了”。,57,till 与until:,1. He lived with his parents _ he graduated from college.2. Not
37、_ he told me did I know the truth.3. The children _ (will come) home until/ till its dark.4. It was _ the war was over that he returned to his land.,till/ until,until,wont come,not until,58,小结：till, until和notuntil：1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止
38、”。如： We waited until he came.,59,2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如： He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any i
39、dea of it.,60,一就,ill.,_ he saw the monster, he turned pale.2、 The spy had _ returned home than he was told to go to another country.3、We had _returned home when it rained.4、_ had we begun when we told to stop.,The moment/ minute/ Immediately/,no sooner,hardly/scarcely,Hardly/ Scarcely,As soon as,61,
40、5) no soonerthan hardly/scarcelywhen 刚就,A. 时态：主句用过去完成时（had + p.p.） 从句用一般过去时B. 倒装： no sooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要到装,62,二. 地点状语从句:,where, wherever，no matter where,You would let your children play where you can see them.,Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.,区分： wherever，no matter
41、where,63,1.The Red Cross is expected to send help_there is human suffering.A.whoever B.however C.whatever D.wherever 2.-Mom，what did your doctor say？ -He advised me to live_the air is fresher. A.in where B.in which C.the place where D.where,D,D,64,三、 原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词有：because, as, sincenow that（既然）,
42、 considering that（考虑到）, seeing that（鉴于）,65,用because, as, since 与for填空:,-Why are you crying, Tom? - _ Ive broken your necklace, mom.2. I went to bed early _ I was tired.3. I was not kind to him_ he was rude.4. _ I had a cold, I was absent from school.5. My mother was ill and I sent for Tom, _ he was
43、a doctor.6. _ we are all here, lets begin our class.,Because,because,because,As,for,Since,66,Conclusion:,because直接原因，非推断语气最强回答whysince表示“既然”，语气较弱；强调对方已经知晓，无需加以说明的原因，只可以放在句首。As“由于”，语气最弱，表示往往是十分明显的原因，常放在句首，比较口语化。For 放句中，对前面一句话的内容的补充说明 。,67,四. 条件状语从句:,引导条件状语从句的连接词有:if, unless, as/ so long as（只要）, in ca
44、se,on condition that(条件.), provided (that) (假设），等,68,1、The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. Aas long as Bwhile Cif Deven though2、 It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. A. unless B. as long as C
45、. although D. if,C,A,69,Conclusion:,条件状语从句中,如果主从句都表将来动作，主句用将来时态，从句用一般现在时态. If you dont hurry up, you will miss the plane.2、unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。We cant get there on time unless we book the earliest flight.= We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.,70,as/so long as,
46、 in case1、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. 2、Ill go _ you go.,in case,as/so long as,71,1、You can have my bicycle for a fewdays _ you return it by Sunday.2、 _ anything importanthappens, please call me up.3、 _ you had one million dollars, what would you do?,on
47、 condition that,In case,Suppose/Supposing,on condition that：条件是 in case :万一 supposesupposing (that): 假设，如果,72,五、让步状语从句,He went out, _ it was raining._ they are poor, they buy a great many books.Child _ he is, he has learnt advanced mathematics.,though/although,Although,as,though, although, even if/
48、though, while, no matter, whatever, however, as,73,_he is a child, he has learnt advanced mathematics.No matter _ happens, dont be discouraged.No matter _ hard he tried, he couldnt open the door.No matter _ you go, you must write to your parents.No matter _ you marry in the future, he must be an hon
49、est man.,how,where,who,what,Even if,74,though/ although,1、一般可互换：主句前可用yet, still, 常省略 但不能与but连用。,Though/ although it sounds strange, （yet） it is true.,2、倒装句和独立副词放句末只能用though. Strange_ it may seem, heremained single all his life. It was hard work, I enjoyed it, _.,though,though,75,as引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管、虽然”
50、。但从句要倒装。句型为： adj./adv./单数n.(不加冠词)/v+as+主语+谓语 1、Young as she is, she can help her mother. 2、 Fast as he runs, he is the last one. 3、Try as you may, you might fail as well.,76,六、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的引导词有：so that, in order that (为了）for fear that（以免， 以防）,77,He got up early _ he could catch the bus._ he could
