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1、Review of English Literature,From Medieval to 19th century,Final Exam,I. Multiple Choice (25%)II. Find the relevant match from column B for each item in Column A. (25%)(Writers and works, Characters and works, literary terms)III Reading comprehension (30%) 3 textsIV. Make comment on the following ex
2、tracts with more than 150 words each (20%)( you can identify its theme, form or the authors and the literary movements they represent and explicating their respective characteristics ),Outline of History of English literature,Early and Medieval AgesEnglish RenaissanceThe period of the English Bourge
3、ois RevolutionThe 18th century/ Neo-classicismRomanticismCritical RealismThe 20th century,Part 1 Middle-Age Literature (5th C-1485),I. the Old English Period (449-1066) aboriginal : BritonsThe Roman ConquestThe Anglo-Saxon InvasionThe Christianization of the Anglo-SaxonsThe Danish Invasion The Norma
4、n Conquest II. The Middle English Period (1066-1485)The Norman ConquestThe All-prevailing Influence of the Medieval Church,No written literatureEnglish literature began “Beowulf”Religious poetryKing Alfred the Great the Anglo-Saxon ChronicleThe Romances; popular ballads; Piers the Plowman; Geoffrey
5、Chaucer;,History,literature,Beowulf,heroic epica long poem telling the story of the deeds of gods and great men and women, or the early history of a nation.national epic of the English peoplea folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from Northern Europepassed from mouth to mouth for hundreds
6、of years before written down in the 10th century the most important work of the Old English literature. 3182 lines,Early and Medieval English Literature,Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder/father of English poetry, whose masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales, in which he presented to us a comprehensive real
7、istic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life,Literary career,3 Periods of CreationThe influence of French literature, （1360s -1372） chiefly translated from the French works, eg. “The Romaunt of Rose” 玫瑰传奇. “The Book of the Du
8、chess” 悼公爵夫人 the best work of the timeThe influence of Italian Renaissance (1372- 1386) mainly adapted works from Italian literature, eg； “Troilus and Criseide” 特洛勒斯和克里希德 The British Period: 1386 - 1400 (Mature Period) “The Canterbury Tales” 坎特伯雷故事集,his masterpiece and a representative works of the
9、Middle Ages.,Literary Terms,EpicAlliteration RomanceBaladHeroic couplet,Part 2: The English Renaissance (Late 15th century- early 17th century),Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas i
10、n medieval Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to lift the restriction in all areas placed by the Roman Catholic Church authorities. Humanism is the essence / keynote of the Renaissance,Writers of Renaissance,William Shakespeare,Four Great Comed
11、iesA Midsummer Nights DreamTwelfth NightAs You Like itThe Merchant of Venice Four Great TragediesHamletMacbethKing LearOthello,“All the world s a stage, And all the men and women merely players.”,Literary Terms,HumanismThe Spenserian StanzaAllegoryessayBlank verseTragedyComedy,Part Three: The Period
12、 of the English Bourgeois Revolution ( 17th century),John Milton Paradise LostParadise RegainedSamson Agonistes (resemble Milton himself)John Donne Metaphysical poetThe Flea, A valediction: Forbidding MourningJohn BunyanThe Pilgrims Progress: religious allegory “Vanity Fair, Faithful, Hypocricy, Ign
13、orance”John DrydenAll For Love,Literary Terms,Metaphysical poetConceit,Enlightenment literature (late 17th centurymid 18th century),Glorious Revolution-comparatively peacefulNew Classicism: reason, forman age of prose rather than poetry.,An Overview of the 18th Literature,the Prosperity of Prose,Ste
14、ele, Addison, PopeSamuel Johnson,classicism: classicists,The Enlightenment,the Rising of Novels,Defoe, Fielding, Swift,realism: realists,the Decline of Drama,Goldsmith, Sheridan,sentimentalism: sentimentalists,Gray,the Development of Poetry,Blake, Burns,pre-romanticists,Alexander Pope 蒲伯,one of the
15、first to introduce rationalism to England, for him the supreme value was order.Elaborated certain regulations for the style of poetical works and brought the heroic couplet -five foot iambic rhymed in couplet to ultimate perfection.,Popes representative works, a poem written in heroic couplets(对句),
16、criticize the present poem lack of true taste & call on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers for guidance, true wit which is best set in a plain (simple & clear) style. a delightful burlesque of epic poetry， it ridicules the manners of the English nobility. The poem is based on an actua
17、l incident in which a young nobleman stole a lock of a ladys hair. suggests humankind is a part of nature and the diversity of living forms: Each beast, each insect, happy in its own: / Is Heaven unkind to Man, and Man alone?“ generally considered Popes best satiric work， as reflected in the corrupt
18、ness of government, social morals， education & even religion,Richard Steele and Joseph Addison,“The Tatler”& “The Spectator”, in which Steele and Addison created a new style of prose and paved the way for the rise of novel.,Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔约翰逊,one of the greatest figures of 18th-century English li
19、terature, the last neoclassicist enlightener. He was an energetic & versatile writer. He had a hand in all the different branches of literary activities. 英语大词典, a gigantic task which Johnson undertook single-handedly & finished in over seven years.,Major novelists in 18th century,Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔笛福J
20、onathan Swift 乔纳森斯威夫特Samuel Richardson塞缪尔理查逊Henry Fielding 亨利菲尔丁,Daniel Defoe: 1660-1731,One of the forerunners of the English 18th century realistic novel. His masterpiece: Robinson CrusoeRobinson spends 28 years of isolated life on the islandIn the autobiographical form,Jonathan Swift,A great sati
21、ristGullivers Travels (Which places did Gulliver visit?)Gullivers Travels is the greatest satiric work in English literature.,His masterpieceGullivers Travels格列佛游记1706,Lilliput (小人国),a satire on the Tories(托利党) & the Whigs(辉格党),Brobdingnag(大人国),a satire on English lords and ladies,Flying Island（飞岛）,
22、a satire on corrupted philosophers & projectors,country of horses(马岛),a satire on the conflicts of English society,What do you know about this book?,Samuel Richardson,Pamela (first epistolary novel), Clarissa HarloweFirst probe into characters psychological world,Henry Fielding,father of the English
23、 novel.founder of the English Realistic novel :comic epic in prose 散文滑稽史诗Joseph Andrews, Jonathan Wild, Tom Jones,Analysis,some 40 characters,Tom Jones,good-naturedfrank and openkind, disinterested(无私的)imprudence(轻率的),Blifil,villain, selfish, malicious, hypocritical,Sophia,ideal, good qualities, gai
24、ety(快乐), candour(坦率), brave,courage,Western,barbarian(残暴的人)autocrat (专横的人),Partridge,Jack-of-all-tradessimple, faithful good-natured,a little whimsical (想入非非的),Bridget,Mr. Allworthy,Thomas Gray 格雷,The middle of the 18th century in England sees the inceptions of a new literary current-that of sentime
25、ntalism.Because of contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people, the philosophy of the enlighteners, though rational and materialistic in its essence, did not exclude sense, or sentiments, as a means of perception and learning. Thomas Gray, the leader
26、of the sentimental(悲情的) poetry Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard,William Blake 布莱克,Pre-romanticismHis most well-known poems are collected in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.,Robert Burns 彭斯,the national poet of Scotland and one of the greatest song writers in the world Burns wrote po
27、ems and songs in the Scottish dialect and in the tradition of Scottish folk songs. Besides love lyrics, most of his poems and songs are about patriotic and political themes. , ,The Age of Romanticism1750-1850,This cultural era is a continuation of, & overlaps with, the Enlightenment. Its characteris
28、tics include:Romantic loveLiberalism and freedomAn upsurge of nationalism & patriotismSympathy for the poor & less fortunate.An appreciation of natureA fascination with horror,English Romantic Literature,1.The Time (turn of 18th and 19th),beginning,ending,1798,1832,Lyrical Ballads,Walter Scotts deat
29、h the Reform Bill,（英国历史上1832年议会选举法修正法案）,English Romanticism begins in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges The Lyrical Ballads and ends in 1832 with Walter Scotts death.英国浪漫主义始于1798年，标志为华兹华斯与柯勒律治的抒情歌谣集的出版，终于1832年，标志为沃特.司各特的去世以及议会第一改革提案的通过。,Important Points,famous romantic poetsWill
30、iam Wordsworth 华兹华斯Samuel Taylor Coleridge 柯勒律治George Gordon Byron 拜伦Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱John Keats 济慈novelistsWalter Scott 司各特Jane Austen 奥斯汀,Two Schools of Romantic Poets,the elder generation:escapist romanticists,younger generationactive romanticists,Wordsworth Coleridge Southey,ByronShelleyKe
31、ats,Lake Poets,They held out an ideal of a future society free from oppression and exploitation.,They protested against capitalist development by turning to the feudal past, turning to nature for protection.,William Wordsworth romantic poetry,Founder of English Romantic movementWork with Coleridge a
32、nd Publish Lyrical Ballads, which is a manifesto for Romantic poetry,According to the subject matters, Wordsworths short poems can be divided into two groups: the poems of nature the poems about human life. He is a poet of nature, “a worshipper of nature”, （被称为大自然的膜拜者） and a master hand in searching
33、 and revealing the feelings of the common people.,Works,William Wordsworthprincipal poem： We are seven Lines Written in Early Spring To the cuckoo I Wondered lonely as a cloud The Solitary Reaper Intimations or Immortality The Prelude,Samuel Taylor Coleridge,Used images of phantoms and terrors arisi
34、ng from the depths of the emotions.Author of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.,George Gordon, Lord Byron: 1788-1824,Byrons masterpiece, Don Juan唐璜and Childe Harolds Pilgrimage恰尔德哈罗尔德游记His byronica hero,Characteristics of the Byronic Hero,The Byronic hero first appears in Byrons semi-autobiographical
35、epic narrative poem Childe Harolds Pilgrimage. A Byronic hero exhibits several characteristic traits, and in many ways he can be considered a rebel.,a strong sense of arrogance (孤傲） suffering from an unnamed crime (时时为某种内心深处的犯罪意识所困扰）a troubled past emotional conflicts, bipolar tendencies a distaste
36、for social institutions and norms being an exile (流亡者) , an outcast（被社会排斥的人） , or an outlaw （亡命之徒） disrespect of rank and privilege jaded, world-weary self-destructive behavior,“Ode To The West Wind西风颂”“Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯”- four-act poetic drama,Percy Shelly (1792-1822), fought injustice;and Greek war of independence from the Turks.,John Keats,Five long poems: Endymion, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, Lamia , HyperionGreat odes including On Melancholy, On a Grecian Urn, To Psyche, and To a Nightingale had done wonders in deepening and strengthening his gift.,Literary Terms,Ode,
