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1、英语代词的用法,一、定义与分类,代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考情况,在这九类代词中,不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。,二:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,这三种代词都有人称(一、二、三人称)的变化、数(单、复数)的变化,以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)的变化。其中,人称代词除了这三种变化外,还有格(主格、宾格)的变化。物主代词又包括两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意:形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。,这三种代词的形式变化表如下
2、,三、人称代词的用法,1) 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。如:I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student.Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.The boys are students, and they are in the room.The doy is small. It is Toms.,2)人称代词的句法功能人称代词有主格和宾格之分:主格用作主语,宾
3、格用作宾语。B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。 如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语)She and I are good friends(主语).Neither she nor I am student.I saw the boys this morning.Are you sure it was they(表语)?It might have been she.C) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语,或者介词的宾语。如:I saw him at the party(宾语).I havent seen them recently.(宾语
4、)I bought a book for them.(作介词宾语)=I bought them a book.(间接宾语),四、物主代词的用法,1)定义:物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语,相当于一个形容词,不能单独使用;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,相当于一个名词词组,可以单独使用,在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如:Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.(形容词性物主代词) My sister lost her bicycle. (形容词性物主代词) Is that coffee yours or hers?
5、(名词性物主代词),2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能 a. 作主语如: May I use your pen? Yours works better. b. 作宾语如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。c. 作介词宾语I am writing with your pen, not with mine.d. 作表语如:My life is yours. Its yours. Its yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。,3) 形容词性物主代词的用法A) 形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时
6、,其顺序是:形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词。如: my new bike 我的新自行车 her young son 她年幼的儿子B) 形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词可以是单数,也可以是复数。如: my pen 我的钢笔 his books 他的书C) 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它后面必须跟名词,即在名词前作定语。如: 这是我的钢笔.误This pen is my.正This is my pen.,D) 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词a, an或the来修饰名词。如:那是我的自行车.误That is my a bike. / That is a my bike.正That is
7、 my bike.E)当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示代词this, that, these或those来修饰名词。如:他们的电脑在这儿。误Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.)正Their computers are here.,注意:,A) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词,或代词one。它总是单独出现在句中。如:The umbrella is mine.He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers. B) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 为避免重复使用名
8、词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。 如:My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag,可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.,C) 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 -s属格结构.如: Jacks cap 意为 The cap is Jacks. His cap 意为 The cap is his. D) 可以说 a friend of
9、mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs),=one of my friends;但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。E) 有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化。如:Dot lose heart. 别灰心She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。,五、反身代词的用法,1)定义:如人称代词一致,反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。2)反身代词的句法功能反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。
10、如:He himself was a doctor. (同位语)=He was a doctor himself.She is too young to look after herself. (宾语)I dont blame you, I blame myself(宾语).He cut himself when he was cooking.(宾语)That poor boy was myself.(表语)那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。,注意:,身代词用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如:Ill be myself again in no tim
11、e. 我一会儿就会好的。He doesnt feel himself today.Im not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。,六指示代词的用法,1)指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如: 单数 复数限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are myteachers.代 词:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.,2)指示代词的句法功能指示代词主要有四个,即this, that, these 和 those。它们在句
12、中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。This is my book.(主语)I want that.(宾语)My book is that.(表语)I like that dress.(定语),七、不定代词的用法,1)定义:不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。2)种类:英语中不定代词有:some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere),any(anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone,everywh
13、ere),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等。,1.both,all,either,any,either,none的用法,all 与 both 的用法均表示都,但 all 表示三者以上的人或物, both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义,如果与 not 连用时,则表示部分否定。neither 与 either 的用法都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义,意为(两者中的每一个)都不;而 either 表肯定意义,意为(两者中的每一个)都。都可单
14、独使用,也可同介词 of 连用。如:Both teams were in hard training; neither willing to lose the game.Do you want tea or coffee?Either. I really dont mind.,2 . some 与 any 的用法1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词时,意为某个。如:I have some questions about the assignment.Would you mind buying me some sweet?(希望得到肯定答复)。2. any
15、 用于否定句和疑问句时,表示一些。用于肯定句时,只和单数名词或不可数名词连用,表示任何。如:The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemists.,辨析,something 某事,某物 somebody 某人,有人 someone 某人,有人somewhere 某地anything 任何事anybody 任何人anyone 任何人anywhere 任何地方,辨析,everything 每一件事everybody 每一个人everyone 每一个人everywhere 每一个地方nothing 没事 nobody
16、谁也不,没有人no one 没有人nowhere 任何地方都不,3 . each 与 every 的用法1. each 强调个体,表示两个或两个以上中的每一个,在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如:There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.2. every 强调整体,表示三者或三者以上中的每一个,只能作定语,不能说 every of them ,要说 every one of them .如:Every student in our class works hard.,4 . no one(nobody), none与noth
17、ing的用法1. no one 意为没有人,只能指人,不能指物,不可与介词 of 连用,谓语动词用单数形式,回答 who 引导的问句。如:-Who is in the classroom?-No one.2. none 既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为一点也不,一个也不;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与 of 连用,通常指三者以上的人或物中没有一个,回答 how much 和 how many 引导的问句。如:-How much money do you have?-None.3.nothing只能指物,常回答what引导的疑问句。如:-What are you doing now?-Nothing.,5 . one, another, the other, some, others ,the others的用法,6.many, much, few, little, a few, a little的用法,