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1、英语句子的种类,一、句子种类两种分类法( 一 )、按句子的用途可分四种：1 、陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2 、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3 、祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4 、感叹句：How clever the boy is!,1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述
2、一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。 She arrived early. She can not have arrived now.注：1）半否定句I hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句与全否定句I dont like both the films.I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 3)否定转移I dont think it will be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose, imagine),2、疑问句,（1）疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。
3、分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。,(2)、疑问句 的分类,1）一般疑问句 用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意语序。Have you anything to say?Did someone phone me last night?否定疑问句Cant you understand it?Isnt it a beautiful lake? -Havent you been to the UK? -No, I havent.,2）特殊疑问句,1.特殊疑问句的定义; 以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what who whom who
4、se which when where how why等。,2.特殊疑问句有两种语序 （1）陈述语序Who was the first man in space?（2）倒装语序Whom are you talking about?,注：A、简略式 Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What about taking a rest? B、复杂特殊疑问句 What do you think he has done?,3）选择疑问句,选择疑问句（alternative questions）一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问
5、句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由or连接，前者用升调，后者用降调，如：Will you go there by bus or by train？What would you like，coffee or tea？,(1)以一般疑问句为基础Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman?Shall I help you or can you manage?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础Which do you prefer, red wine or white?How shall we go there? By bus or by train?(3) or
6、not构成的选择疑问句Do you want to buy it or not？,4)： 反意疑问句,A、含义： 在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句，对陈述句提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。 如： 1. He is clever, isnt he? 2. We speak Chinese, dont we?,B、结构：,结构一： 前肯，+ 后否 eg. He is clever, isnt he?,结构二： 前否，+ 后肯 eg. He isnt clever, is he?,结构一： 前肯，+ 后否 Be 动词： 1. You are an actor, _ _ ? 2. He i
7、s a good boy, _ _ ? 3. It was fine yesterday, _ _ ? 4. You were studying when I called you last night, _ _ ? 5. She is going to visit me, _ _? 6. I am Chinese, _ _?,arent you,isnt he,wasnt it,werent you,isnt she,arent I,行为动词： 1. It often rains here, _ _ ? 2. He likes soccer, _ _ ? 3. You have a head
8、ache, _ _ ? 4. I called you yesterday, _ _?其它动词： 1. You will go to America, _ _ ? 2. We have ever been to Shanghai, _ _ ?,doesnt it,doesnt he,dont you,didnt I,wont you,havent we,C、特殊用法(一）1. His mother is a doctor, _ _ ?2. The dogs are fighting, _ _? There is a boy in our classroom, _ _ ?4. There wer
9、e many cars in the street, _ _ ?5. There will be robots in our families, _ _ ?,isnt she,arent they,isnt there,werent there,wont there,三、特殊用法(二） 6. Sit down please, _ ?7. Please call me, _?8. Lets go home, _ ?9. Let us go home, _ ?10. Let me see, _ ?,will / wont you,shall / shant we,will / wont you,w
10、ill / wont you,will / wont you,结构二： 前否，+ 后肯 1. You arent an actor, _ _ ? 2. He isnt a good boy, _ _ ? 3. It wasnt fine yesterday, _ _ ? 4. It doesnt rain here, _ _ ? 5. His sister doesnt have a headache, _ _ ? 6. You didnt call me yesterday, _ _?,are you,is he,does it,does she,was it,did you,7. You
11、wont go to U.S.A., _ _?8. There isnt a boy in our classroom, _ _ ?9. There werent many cars in the street, _ _ ?10. Dont smoke, _ _ ?11. Dont lets do it, _ _ ？,will you,is there,were there,will you,shall we,3、祈使句 表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。,1）带第二人称的祈使句 Be quiet, please. Dont make any noise! You call a taxi.
12、 Dont you forget it.(强调)Give me a hand, will/wont/would/wouldnt you?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句 Let me try again. Lets go. Let us go. Lets not say anything about it./Dont lets say Let him be here by 10 oclock.,注意：1、加强语气 Do be careful of my broken leg. Do let me have another try. 2 、祈使句的省略式 A :Shall I open the win
13、dow? B :Yes, please do./ No, please dont. A :Shall we watch the game? B :Yes, lets.,4、“感叹句”,所谓感叹句，就是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。,What a good time we had last night!What interesting films ! What fine weather we have today!How foolish she is!How clearly you speak!How clever a boy he is!,A、感叹句的句式 感叹句一般由what或how开头
14、，句末加感叹号“！”。What修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词、动词。,一）以what开头的感叹句,1.“What + a(an) + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)！” 如：What a clever boy (he is)! What a pity! 2.“What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语）！”如：What beautiful flowers (they are)!3.“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语）！”如：What fresh milk (it is)! What fun!,二）以how开头的感叹句,1.“How
15、 + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！”如：How beautiful the girl is!2.“How + 形容词 + a(an) + 单数可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语） +！”如：How good an example he set for us! 3.“How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！”如：How fast he runs! 4.“How + 主语 + 谓语！”如：How time flies!,B、陈述句变为感叹句的方法,把一个陈述句变为感叹句时，常使用“一分二加三换位四去掉”的方法。具体步骤为： 第一步：“一分”，即在谓语动词后面划一双竖线，使句子分为两部分。如：He is
16、a very honest boy.他是一个诚实的孩子。Li Lei works very hard.李雷学习很刻苦。,第二步：“二加”即如果第二部分的中心词是名词，就加上what；如果是形容词或副词，就加上how.如：He is (what) a very honest boy.Li Lei works(how) very hard.,第三步：“三换位”即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，句号换位感叹号。如：What a very honest boy he is!How very hard Li Lei works!,第四步：“四去掉”即原陈述句中含有very, too等程度副词时，在变成感叹
17、句时要去掉。以上两个句子就应该变为以下形式：What an honest boy he is!How hard Li Lei works!,C、特殊形式的感叹句,一）在陈述句或疑问句句尾加感叹号，表示某种强烈的感情。如：He is a kind-hearted man! Have you ever read such an interesting book before! 二）用词或短语表示的感叹句。如：Wonderful!妙极了！Good idea!好主意！Well done!干得好！Great!棒极了！,D.感叹句的转换,what与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变
18、。如： What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is! what a beautiful building it is!=How beautiful the building is!,Exercise:一。用How , What (a / an) 填空1. _ a heavy box ! 2. _ heavy the box is !3. _ hard work ! 4._ hard the work is ! 5. _ wonderful the film is ! 6. _ a wonderful film !,
19、_ delicious food it is ! _interesting film! _bad weather ! _good day ! _tall the boy is ! _good news it is ! _beautiful clothes they are ! _ nice teacher he is ! _nice Tom is !_ hard work ! _ hard job !,WhatWhat anWhat What aHowWhat What What a How What What a,Exercise:二、句型转换 1 .What a heavy rain !
20、_ _ the rain is ! 2. How interesting the boy is ! _ _ interesting boy !,( 二 )、按句子的结构可分三种：,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),1.简单句 (simple sentence),只包含一个主谓结构Mary opened the door.两个主语和一个谓语Steve and his friend are coming to dinner. 一个主语和两个谓语Mary opened the door and g
21、reeted the guests.,简单句的五种基本句型,(1) 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P )The weather is very cold. (2) 主语+不及物动词(S+Vi ) +advHe laughed. (3) 主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O )I like Chinese food.,P,Vi,Vt,O,(4) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO)She taught them physics.(5) 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt+O+C)We must keep the room warm.,IO,DO,C,请说出下列句子类
22、型。,1.Summer is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He showed me a new TV set.4.She knows what to do.5.The weather is very cold.,S+Vi,S+V+C,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O,S+V+P,S+V+PS+ViS+Vt+OS+Vt+IO+DOS+Vt+O+C,2.并列句(compound sentence): 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,I turned on the TV. I watched it. I turned on the TV an
23、d watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and, bothand, not only but also, neithernor,but, however, while, yet, when,for, so, therefore,or, otherwise ,eithe
24、ror,并列句的分类,1、The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、Hurry up, or youll miss the train.,3、He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn
25、 until dark.,1.August is the time of the year for harvesting , _every day I work from dawn until dark.2.He is a basketball fan,_ his wife is a volleyball fan.3.Honey is sweet,_ the bee stings.4.Dont be late, _there is a meeting.5.Hurry up, _youll be late.6.He works hard _his brother is a lazy bone.7
26、.He was enjoying his KFC _ a friend came.,练习一 ：用连词填空,so,and,but,for,or,while,when,请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.He was tired. He went to bed. 2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.,He was tired, so he went to bed.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of th
27、e dog.,He made a promise.He didnt keep it.,He made a promise,but he didnt keep it.,Mary is opening the door.John is greeting her guests.,Mary is opening the door,and John is greeting her guests.,3.复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.,By the time he arrived
28、, 1we had already left. 2,请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。,从句,主句,在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句： 1.主语从句 2.宾语从句 3.表语从句 4.同位语从句 5.状语从句 6.定语从句,中学生英文写作中经常使用的从句有：宾语从句状语从句 定语从句,指出下列各从句的类型：,I hope that everything is all right.She was reading the newspaper when I came in.She is the girl who sings best of all.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,He has found
29、 out .She was late.(why),请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。,I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.(when),I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.,He has found out why she was late.,请把每组句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。 Ill give the letter to him .I see him. (时间状语从句)He didnt come yesterday
30、 .He was ill. (原因状语从句)It is such a big box .Nobody can move it. (结果状语从句)Well go to the great wall .Its fine tomorrow. (条件状语从句)We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant.(让步状语从句),Ill give the letter to him when I see him. He didnt come yesterday because he was ill. It is such a
31、big box that nobody can move it. Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow. Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.,有下划线的词叫从属连词 (subordinating conjunction),9种状语从句 即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：1、时间（after, before, as, when, while, since, till, until, whenever ,as long as, as
32、 soon as; the moment, every time, next time; no soonerthan, hardlywhen ）；2、地点（where, wherever） ；3、方式（as, as if, as though） ；4、程度/比较（asas , more than, ） ；,5、原因（because, since, as, now that ,that） ；6、结果（,so that ,sothat ,suchthat） ；7、目的（so that ,in order that ,in case） ；8、条件（if, unless） ；9、让步（though ,
33、although, even if, even though , so ,whenever ,wherever, whoever ,whichever,however ,no matter how, whether） 。,并列复合句 即并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。,English is widely used in the world, but China has the largest number of people who speak Chinese.,请用所学知识改正下列病句 My roommate was sleeping, we didnt want to wake her up
34、. I went to bed.Because I was tired.,My roommate was sleeping . We didnt want to wake her up.My roommate was sleeping, so we didnt want to wake her up.I went to bed because I was tired.,练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句,一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered
35、 me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neit
36、her has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,三、选择填空：,1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A. andB. orC.
37、 ifD. so2. Its the third time that John has been late, _?A. hasnt heB. isnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an,4. Let us pass, _?A. shant weB. shall weC. wont weD. will you5. I suppose hes serious, _ ?A. do IB. dont IC. is heD. isnt
38、 he6. You had better not smoke here, _?A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you7. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition.A. thenB. butC. andD. or,8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. andB. butC. so D.
39、because9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _.A. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming.A. orB. for C. while D. so11. - Do you feel like going out _
40、would you rather have dinner at home? - Id like to go out. A. or B. and C. butD. so,12. - “_ is the temperature today?” -“Its 38 degrees.”A. WhichB. HowC. How hot D. How high13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he?- _.A. Yes, he isnt B. No, he isntC. No, he is D. He is14. _ friendly _ to everyone!A
41、. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she isD. What, she is15. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. for D. yet,16. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC. orD. yet18.
42、- Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. - _ what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me19. As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet heB. but heC. andD. he,20. - I thought you had an umbrella. - I ha
43、d, _ Ive lost it.A. sinceB. butC. because D. so21. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.A. Turning B. To turnC. Turned D. Turn22. - I dont like chicken _ fish. - I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much.A. and, andB. and, but C. or, and D. or, but23. - Would you like to come to di
44、nner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but,24. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. andB. thenC. or D. otherwise25. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived26. “Cant you read?”
45、 Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointed27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whom B. where C. which D. while,28. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When leftB. Leaving
46、C. If you leaveD. Leave29. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _?- But I fed it yesterday.A. do youB. will youC. didnt youD. dont you30. _ him and then try to copy what he does.A. MindB. Glance atC. Stare atD. Watch,四、按要求完成下列句子：,1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）2. They have lived here for more tha
47、n ten years.（对画线部分提问）3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, _?（完成反意疑问）,wont there,How long have they lived here?,He doesnt dare to tell the truth. 或He dare not tell the truth.,4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday eveni
48、ng.(改为一般疑问句)6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）,What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is!,Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?,Be careful with your pronunciation.,7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）8. They could hardly believe his word
49、s, _?（完成反意疑问）,could they,How often does this magazine come out?,9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）,10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?,9. How brightly the moon is shining!,Bye-bye!,二、判断下列
50、短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：,I hope you are very well（）. Im fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（） Sometimes we go on working after
