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1、句子成分,定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.,（名词） （代词） （数词）（不
2、定式） （动名词） （名词化的形容词） （句子）,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,
3、（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing,Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? -
4、I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said?,（名词 ）,( 代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.,间接宾语,直接宾语,please pass me the book.He b
5、ought his girlfriend some flowers.,一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,（四）表语,在系动词
6、后的部分就是表语The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease.,注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He al
7、ways kept silent at meeting.3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad.,注意：系动词（Linking verb)不用于被动语态。,4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：The river was beginning
8、to run dry. 6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达结果是;证明是 ，之意，例如：The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.,(二) 挑出下列句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,He is a clever boy.His
9、father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister
10、.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?,(三) 挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe
11、!,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.,I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if i
12、t is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.,(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast., She loves the library beca
13、use she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.,（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动
14、词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.,She asked me to lend her a hand.,(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw
15、 Mr Wang get on the bus.,主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.,I saw him playing near the river.,He was seen playing near the river.,The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam,The student was caught cheating in the exam,We made him monitor.,He was made monitor.,He pushed the door open.,The door was pushed
16、 open.,同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four.He told me the news that our team won the game.,名词,代词,数词,从句,基本句型,主语+谓语（不及物动词）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,基本句型一 主谓,基本句型二 主系表,基本句型三 主谓宾,基本句型四,
17、基本句型五,Exercises:分析句子结构,1）You are a student.2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5）After he finished his homework, he went away.,6）He likes pop music.7）The sound sounds strange.8）The food tastes good.9）He gave me a book yeste
18、rday. 10）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.,划分句子成分,You will tell your friend that youve got to school. As the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening,
19、 the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.,1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school.2.As the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to beUpstairs at dusk when the window was open .4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,原因状语,主语,谓语,宾语,
