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1、English Grammar Sentences 于润泽,I、句子类型（按句子结构分）一般的语法书都认为英语的句子按结构分类有三种类型: 简单句(Simple Sentence) 、并列句(Compound Sentence) 和复合句(Complex Sentence)特殊形式：加上并列复合句,二、句子类型,1、简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，每个成分都是单词或短语的句子。,（1）The boy cried.（2）John is a student.（3）Mr. Brown teaches this class.（4）They call the baby Timothy.（5）She gave
2、 me a book.（6）Policy and tactics are the life of the Party.（7）We should scorn difficulties strategically, but pay full attention to them tactically.（8）You and me will always unite, fight and win victory together.,有时两个或更多的主语可以共有一个谓语， ( 如例6) , 两个或更多的谓语可以共一个主语( 如例7 ) , 有时甚至可以有两个主语和两个谓语( 如例8) ) , 这样的句子仍
3、然是简单句。,二、句子类型,2、并列句 包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,or else,so,for,while,when;bothand,eitheror,neithernor,not only,but also,as well as等来连接。,He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan.Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.Dont be late, for there is a meeting.Hurry up, or youll be l
4、ate.He works hard while his brother is a lazy bone.He was enjoying his KFC when a friend came.,二、句子类型,3、复合句 复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。,（1）名词性从句 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。宾语从句注意事项：引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态。主语/表语/同位从句注意事项：引导词、语序、语态。注意：1、whether与if的区别； 2、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一 般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变
5、 来的呢？,二、句子类型,3、复合句 （2）定语从句=先行词+引导词+其它。,引导词的选用取决于：1）先行词；2）先行词的修饰语；3）引导词在定语从句中的成分。注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the headmaster at the meeting.,3、复合句(3)状语从句 即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：1、时间（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until, whenever,as long as,as soon as;the moment,eve
6、ry time,next time;no soonerthan,hardlywhen ）；2、地点（where,wherever） ；3、方式（as,as if,as though） ；4、程度（asas, more than,sothat,suchthat） ；,二、句子类型,5、原因（because,since,as,now that,that） ；6、结果（,so that,sothat,suchthat） ；7、目的（so that,in order that,in case） ；8、条件（if,unless） ；9、让步（though,although,even if,even th
7、ough,in spite of the fact that ,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,no matter how,whether） 。,二、句子类型,(3)状语从句,二、句子类型,3、复合句 所谓并列复合句，就是指并列句中的两个分句中又内含从句，或者说就是含有复合句的并列句。如：The policeman looked at me suspiciously.那警察用怀疑的眼光看着我。（简单句）He asked me what I wanted.他问我要干什么。（复合句，其中的的what引导宾语从句）The policeman l
8、ooked at me suspiciously,andhe asked mewhatI wanted.那警察用怀疑的眼光看着我，于是问我要干什么。（并列复合句；and连接两个分句构成并列句，但and后面又是一个含有宾语从句的复合句）,English is widely used in the world, but China has the largest number of people who speak Chinese. He is my friendandthatswhyI have accepted the task.他是我的朋友，因此我才接受了这个任务。John wanted t
9、o go to the party,buthis wife saidthatshe was too tired.约翰想去参加晚会，但他的妻子说她太累了。I put my arm across his shouldersandsteered him to the sofa,wherehe collapsed.我用手臂抱住他双肩并把他架到沙发旁，他就倒在沙发上了。,He had always loved Claraandhe had always hopedthathe could make her love him.他一直都爱着克拉拉而且一直期望他能使她爱上他。It was still earl
10、y,and althoughshe was fatigued her mind was restless.时间还早，而且，虽然她感到很累，她的脑子却一刻不停。Of course, they couldnt see with their eyes,butthey thoughtthatby touching him they could learn justwhatkind of animal he was.他们当然不能用眼看，但他们想通过触摸也可以辨认出它到底是一种什么动物。I asked a manwhohas a wife and three childrenwhodid the cook
11、ing in his houseandhe repliedthatwhoever came home from work first did it.我问一个有妻子和三个孩子的人，他家谁做饭，他回答说，谁先下班回来，谁就做饭,并列句和复合句都是由两个或两个以上的句子组成的, 但是连接并列句中的分句是并列连词(Coordinator), 而连接复合句中的句子是从属连词(Subordinator); 并列句中的分句属于同一层次, 它们具有相同的句法功能, 复合句中的一个或更多的从句在句子中充当句子成分或修饰句子,一般说来, 辨别一个句子是并列句还是复合句, 首先可从句中的连接词入手, 这样就较易作出判断。但是, 有些连接词究竟是并列连词还是从属连词, 语法家看法不一, 因而有时就无法明确断定某一个句子是并列句还是复合句了。,
