《英语四级图表作文讲解及参考范文ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四级图表作文讲解及参考范文ppt课件.ppt（36页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、英语四级图表作文讲解及参考范文,陈夜羽,导言：图表式作文,一、图表作文常见出题形式图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把
2、这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。,二、图表作文的写作步骤,写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;3)编列文章的提纲;4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;5)检查与修改。,三、图表作文的篇章结构,写图表作文时，常采用三段式的陈述方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问
3、题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想（总趋势+极端值+特点，时态）第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议,第一节：图表作文写作过程,二、要点分析,A. 表格图 1横向比较: 介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势 2纵向比较:介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势 3无需将每一个数据分别说明，突出强调数据最大值和最小值，对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的说明：考察例举数字的能力和方法。注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。,B. 曲线图,1极点说明: 对图表当中最高的，最低的点要单独进行说明 2趋势说明: 对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行
4、说明，如上升，下降，波动，持平 3交点说明: 对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明说明：关键是把握好曲线的走向和趋势，学会general classification,即在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类，使写作层次清晰。接下来在分类描述每个阶段的specific trend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据！可以使用一些比较native的单词和短语来描述trend。,C. 饼状图 1介绍各扇面及总体的关系 2各个扇面之间的比较，同类扇面在不同时间，不同地点的比较 3重点突出特点最明显的扇面：最大的，最小的，互相成倍的D. 柱状图1.比较:
5、similarity2.对比: difference3.横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征 & 分别描写各个柱子的个性特征,E. 流程图1 首先说明：做什么工作的过程，目的是什么 2 准备工作 3 按时间/过程先后描述 4 结果 5 简单总结（可有可无） 说明：注意流程图里的“因果关系”或每一流程的“承前启后”关系；表达每一流程的主体内容，阐明这种关系；揭示其内在联系或规律；最后，给予简要归纳和总结。,三、框架结构,1开头：该图阐述的是_的_.共有以下几个部分组成。shows （that） /According to / As （is） shown in / As can be seen from
6、 /It can be seen from /We can see from / It is clear / apparent from the figures/statistics / It is from / This tells us the main story about / concerning / concerned with / on / related to2分析：首先看到的是_, 在_年呈现出_的趋势 / 占_; 其次，第三比较分析3小结：由上图分析，可以看出/得出_.,1）内容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion2）
7、用语：,修辞语,在运动范畴中存在着如下的种运动趋向：,1. 保持平稳： 可以使用的套用结构有: stay stable / remain steady 举例：表示“人口数量保持平稳”的时候可以写: the number of population stayed stable / the number of population remained steady 2. 上升/增加： 可以使用的套用结构有：rise / climb / increase / ascend /mount / aggrandize (增加) 举例：人口数上升：the number of population increa
8、sed/ascended/mounted等等。,3下降/减少： 可以使用的套用结构有：fall/ drop/ decrease/ descend/ decline 举例：人口减少：the number of population decreased/ declined 4. 下降后保持平稳： 这个图形比较奇怪，划出的线段应该前面是向下的，后面是平的，在表示这个平的时候我们就不可以使用 remain steady 了，我们要使用的结构是bottom out。 举例：人口下降后保持平稳：the number of population decreased and bottomed out 5.上升
9、后保持平稳： 前面的上升我们就不用说了，但是在上升以后保持平稳，我们需要使用 level off。 举例：人口上升后保持平稳：the number of population mounted and leveled off,6.复苏： 前面下降了以后，然后就上升了，这两条线段的连接点就叫复苏。英语中表达为recover。 举例：人口下降后复苏：the number of population decreased and recovered 7. 波动： 这个就像我们的心电图一样。英语中叫 fluctuate。 举例：人口波动： the number of population fluctuat
10、ed. 8. 达到顶峰：peak / reach its summit / reach its zenith 举例：人口到达了顶峰：the number of population peaked/ reached its summit/ reached its zenith.,连续性描写,上面就是运动性线段的八种趋势了。但是上升，下降，波动是存在程度的。所以我们接下来要讨论的是程度的描述方法。程度只有两种，缓慢和陡然。缓慢的/轻微的： gradually/ smoothly/ steadily/ slightly 陡然的/大幅度的： dramatically/ sharply/ conside
11、rably/ appreciably/ greatly 举例: 1. 人口大幅度攀升: the number of population mounted dramatically 2. 人口轻微下降: the number of population decreased slightly 3. 人口逐渐下降: the number of population decreased gradually,好了，我们现在已经说了两个范畴了, 这两个范畴可以帮你搞定任何线段组的描述。紧接下来我们要讨论的是如何将线段组与数据进行连接。非常简单, 注意如下的介词使用。,一. remain steady /
12、stay stable / level off / bottom out / peak / reach its peak / reach its zenith 后面需要使用的是 at . 举例: 1. 人口在500万上保持平稳: the number of population remained steady at 5 million 2 人口在800万时到达了顶峰: the number of population peaked at 8 million 3. 下降后, 人口在400万保持平稳: after decreasing, the number of population botto
13、med out at 4 million 4. 上升后, 人口在700万保持平稳: after mounting, the number of population leveled off at 7 million,二. 上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了) 举例: 1. 人口下降到200万: the number of population decreased to 2 million. 2. 人口下降了200万: the number of population decreased by 2 million. 3. 人口上升到1000万: the number of populatio
14、n increased to 10 million. 4. 人口上升了500万: the number of population increased by 5 million. 三. recover的后面大家需要使用的是from 举例: 人口在200万时开始复苏:number of population recovered from 2 million. 四. fluctuate 的后面大家需要连接 between . and . 举例: 人口在2和100亿之间波动: the number of population fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion,来
15、看一篇范文：, From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 i
16、n August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.主题句/概述表格反映的内容(5)反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势,There are several reasons for the decline. First,
17、a new traffic law was made and came into force. It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new roads were built and some n
18、arrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten peoples awareness of observing traffic rules.主题句原因/措施一解释措施一/次要辅助采取措施一后的结果原因/措施二原因/措施三, With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will g
19、o on falling this year.总结：展望未来的情况,模板一, 总的趋势 图表具体描述 剖析图表所揭示的含义 理由一 理由二 理由三 理由四 总结 前景预测As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dramatic changes in_. While _. It is obvious from the table that_.What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, _.
20、 Secondly, _ . Whats more, _. Last but not lease, _.In conclusion, _. Moreover, _.,模板二,描述图表 分三方面解释原因 下结论1) During the period from _to _, _rose from _to _, while _ decreased from _ to _.2) We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First,_. Second, _. Third, _.3) _.We are happy to
21、 see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We can imagine that _.,模板三,描述图表 解释图表 补充解释 1) During the period between _ and _, _ declined abruptly from _ to _, while _ increased sharply from _ to _.2) Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. Compared with _ is much cheaper and mor
22、e convenient_ . Apart from that, _.3) However, there are still a number of people who _, generally for two reasons. On the one hand,_. On the other hand, _.,第二节 图表作文样题与样文举例,样题一：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How People Spend Their Holidays.
23、You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the table and the outline given below:,1、 根据上表，简要描述1990年、1995年、2000年某城市人们度假方式的情况及其变化； 2、 请说明发生这些变化的原因； 3、 得出结论。,How People Spend Their Holidays,As is clearly shown in the table that there was a dramatic change in the way people spent
24、their holidays between 1990 and 2000. Especially, in 1990, 63% of people spent their holidays at home, while the figure decreased considerably to 24% in 2000. There are three reasons for this phenomenon.,To begin with, with the development of market-oriented economy, people earn by far more money th
25、an they used to, making it possible for them to afford traveling expenses. In addition, people realize the importance of getting well-informed about the outside world in this modern era to develop their potential. For example, a traveler may encounter or talk with someone of a different cultural bac
26、kground so as to broaden his vision. Last but not least, by traveling outside, people are close to nature, which is not only beneficial to both their health and peace of mind. In short, more and more people take the occasion of holiday to travel outside and relax themselves.,As far as I am concerned
27、, I prefer to go traveling instead of staying at home during holidays. On the one hand, I love meeting different people and take in some fresh ideas. On the other hand, it is agreed that the world is becoming a global village. No one could confine himself within his small circle of families or relat
28、ives. In brief, I have benefited a lot and will benefit more from traveling during the holidays. 点评：该篇作文属图表作文，命题思路与四级真题图表作文一致，仿真度高。本预测题关于人们旅游度假方式的变化，也是社会热点话题，2006年1月就考过名校校园该不该成为旅游景点话题；2004年6月也是关于旅游景点的介绍。,样题六Changes in the Ownership of Houses (2003.6),要求：1、根据上图描述该市住房产权的变化；2、分析产生这些变化的原因；3、说明这些变化对个人和社会
29、产生的影响。,Changes in the Ownership of Houses,As is shown in the chart, great changes have taken place in the ownership of houses in the city. There has been a steady decline in the percentage of state-owned houses from 75 in 1990 to 20 in 2000. On the contrary, the percentage of private houses has been
30、 on the rise.,Several factors may account for the trend. For one thing, owing to the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, the past decade witnessed significant improvement in peoples standard of living. In other words, they have had the means to purchase houses of their own. For anothe
31、r, peoples ideas about consumption have undergone some radical changes. In the past, they were reluctant to spend, but now they are willing to buy. Anyway, it is much more comfortable to dwell in a house of ones own.,These changes in the ownership have already had a positive effect on both individuals and society. Individuals, young people in particular, will be motivated to work harder to purchase a nest of their own. As a result, the housing industry will be boosted and more revenues will be raised to cover other sectors of our national economy.,Want to Know More?,The End,2013.11.25,
