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1、Grammar: Attributive clause,The woman she lives next door is a doctor.,定语从句/关系从句,The woman who lives next door is a doctor.,关系代词,先行词,注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略 关系代词指代人用“who”或”that”,Grammar: Attributive clause,We know a lot of people they live in London.,定语从句/关系从句,We know a lot of people who live in London.,关
2、系代词,先行词,注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略 关系代词指代人用“who”或”that”,Grammar: Attributive clause,The machine it broke down has now been repaired.,定语从句/关系从句,The machine which broke down has now been repaired.,关系代词,先行词,注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略 关系代词指代物用“which”或”that”,Barbara works for a company_.The book is about a girl _.What was
3、 the name of the horse _?The police have caught the men _.,which makes washing machine,who runs away from home,that won the race,who stole my car,Grammar: Attributive clause,The woman I wanted to see her was away on holiday.,定语从句/关系从句,The woman I wanted to see whom was away on holiday.,关系代词,先行词,The
4、woman whom I wanted to see was away on holiday.,关系代词作宾语代人用“whom， who, that,或省略”。,Grammar: Attributive clause,Have you found the keys You lost the keys ?,定语从句/关系从句,Have you found the keys You lost which ?,关系代词,先行词,Have you found the keys whichYou lost ?,注：关系代词作宾语代物用“which，that, 或省略”。,Are these the ke
5、ys_.They party_ was no fun.I like the people_?George is somebody_.,you were looking for,we went to last night,I work with,you van rely on,Grammar: Attributive clause,We saw some people their car had broken down.,定语从句/关系从句,We saw some people whose car had broken down.,关系代词,先行词,We saw some people. The
6、ir car had broken down,注：关系代词whose作定语，主要代人，也可代物。不可省略，whose后紧跟其限定的名词,Grammar: Attributive clause,The table whose leg got broken is mine.,The table the leg of which leg got broken is mine.,The table- its leg got broken -is mine.,注：关系代词whose作定语代物时=N+of which/ of which+N。,The table of which the leg got
7、broken is mine.,Grammar: Attributive clause,I went back to the town- I was born in the town.,I went back to the town I was born where/in which.,I went back to the town where/in which I was born.,注：关系副词where作地点状语，Where=介+which “where”不能省略。,I went back to the town （which/that）I was born in.,Grammar: A
8、ttributive clause,There were many days- we ate only one meal in those days,定语从句/关系从句,There were many days- we ate only one meal when/in which.,There were many days when/in which we ate only one meal.,注：关系副词when作时间状语， “when”=介+which在非正式语体中：关系副词when 时常省略，也可用that替换,当关系副词when作时间状语，先行项是：the day/week/year
9、/morning/evening/moment/instancethe first time/the last time, every time等,关系副词通常省略，也可用that替换Do you still remember the day (that) we first met.The last time (that) I saw her, she looked very well.I havent seen them since the year (that) they got married.Every time (that) the phone rings, he gets nerv
10、ous.,Grammar: Attributive clause,The reason- I became a teacher for this reason - is that I like kids.,The reason I became a teacher why/for which is that I like kids.,The reason (why/for which) I became a teacher is that I like kids.,注：关系副词why作原因状语，用“why”=for+which在非正式语体中：关系副词why时常省略,也可用that替换,Gram
11、mar: Attributive clause,The way- You answer the questions in this way was admirable.,The way you answer the questions in which/that was admirable.,The way (in which/that) you answer the questions was admirable,注：关系词作方式状语，用“in which/that ”在非正式语体中：关系词通常省略,= How you answer the questions was admirable,一
12、、Which和that在定语从句中指代事物时，一般可互换使用，但在下列情况下通常用that而不用which :1.当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等不定代词时，常用that引导定语从句。 Eg. All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的已经做了 2.先行词前有only，few，any，little，no，all，every，very等词修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。 Eg. This is the very book that I wa
13、nt to read. 3.先行词前面有序数词(first，second等)或形容词的最高形式对其修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。 Eg. This is the first letter that Ive received from him since he left. 4.在并列的先行词中既有人又有物时，不能用who或whom，也不能用which，而要用that引导定于从句。 Eg. They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.,一、Which和that在定语从句中指代事物时，一般可互换使用，但
14、在下列情况下通常用that而不用which :6.主句以There be开头，先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句。 Eg. There is a room in the building that is still free. 7.主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时，用that引导定语从句。 Eg. Who is the lady that is waiting at the school gate? 8. 主句以There be开头，先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句。 Eg. There is a room in the building that is stil
15、l free. 在以There be开头，先行词为人的句子中，常用who引导定语从句。 Eg. There is a pretty girl who wants to see you.,二、关系代词指代事物时，在下列情况下通常只用which而不用that引导定语从句：1.在非限制性定语从句中，常用which引导定语从句。 Eg. I said nothing, which made my mother even more angry. 2.当先行词本身是that或是those且指物时。 Eg. Paul has found that which he lost yesterday. 3.当关系
16、代词前面有介词时，常用which引导定语从句。 Eg. I like to live in the house, in front of which there is a tall pine tree.,三、关系代词指人时，在下列情况下通常只用who而不用that引导定语从句。 1.先行词是one, ones或anyone时 Eg. Anyone who leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights. 2.当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时 Eg. Do you know the teacher in blue with a book
17、in his hand who is standing at the gate? 3.先行词为those或被those修饰时，常用who引导定语从句 Eg. Those who like football can enter for the game. 4.在以There be开头，先行词为人的句子中，常用who引导定语从句。 Eg. There is a pretty girl who wants to see you. 5.在非限制性定语从句中，常用who引导定语从句。 Eg. I met an old friend of mine in the street, who had just
18、come from England. 6.当先行词是I, you, he, they等时(多用于谚语中)。 Eg. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 7.在介词前置时只用whom。 Eg. In the dark forest, there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.,四、如果先行词是time, moment, place, reason, way, direction, distance等时，常用that引导的定语从句代替介词+w
19、hich或when，where，why等，且that常省略: Eg. Id like to know the reason (that/why/for which) you change the plan. 五、As作关系代词引导的限制性定语从句中，只用于和the same, such及as连用的结构中，在句中充当主、宾、表语。 Eg. 1) He is not the same (man) as he used to be. (表) 2) There are as many books as are needed. (主) 注意:如先行词由same修饰，用that或as皆可，但有细微的差别。
20、用that表示“同一的”，用as表示“同样的”(并不一定是同一个： Eg. 1) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 2) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.,六、as与which在引导非限制定语从句中的区别: 1.在定语从句中as除了充当一定的句子成分外还有“正如，由而知”的意思。 2.as引导的定语从句位置十分灵活，可放在句中，句首及句尾，而which引导的定语从句却不能位于句首。 3.as引导的定语从句在语义上要和主句保持一致。 Eg. Lisa has made some progres
21、s again, as/which was natural. Lisa has made some progress again, which was unexpected. 4.如果从句谓语动词是主动语态，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般用which。 Eg. My father came back safely, which delighted us. 5.as在从句中作主语时，其谓语为be动词或被动语态，常见的句中谓语为be known/said/announced/reported/expected等。 Eg. He remarried, as was expected. 另外:there be 结构中若是否定结构，后常用but，这时相当于who/thatnot。 Eg. In China, there is no one but knows Beijing.,
