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1、孙子兵法英译本选读,孙子兵法,孙子“兵法十三篇”“兵学圣典”“兵经”武经七书之首,知己知彼，百战不殆,孙子兵法 谋攻篇,“知己知彼，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼，不知己，每战必殆。”,译文一,Know your enemy and know yourself, and in 100 battles you will be never in peril.,译文二,know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat,译文三,If you know y
2、ourself and your enemy, youll never lose a battle.,译文四,“Knowing the enemy and yourself means winning hundreds of victories with no peril”,译文五,Precise knowledge of self and precise knowledge of the threat leads to victory.,译文六,Know yourself and know your enemy, victory is assured.,20世纪孙子兵法英译本概述,草创期：,
3、20世纪初孙子兵法英译本的最初面世卡尔斯罗普的英译本翟林奈的英译本,展开成熟期：,二战期间的孙子兵法英译本格里菲思的英译本陶汉章著孙子兵法概论的英译本,繁荣期：,1980年以后西方对中国文化的关注克拉维尔编辑的翟林奈英译本克利尔的英译本安乐哲的英译本索耶尔武经七书英译本加葛里亚蒂的英译本,孙子兵法 计篇,孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。,译本一,Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either
4、to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. （Tr. Lionel Giles）,译本二,Sun Tzu said: War is a matter of vital importance to the State; the province of life or death; the road to survival or ruin. It is mandatory that is be thoroughly studied.(Tr. Samuel G
5、riffith),译本三,Sun-tzu said: “Warfare is the greatest affair of state, the basis of life and death, the Way (Tao) to survival or extinction. It must be thoroughly pondered and analyzed.”(Tr. Ralph Sawyer),译本四,Military action is important to the nation- it is the ground of death and life, the path of s
6、urvival and destruction, so it is imperative to examine it.(Tr. Thomas Cleary),译本五,Sunzi said, War is a question of vital importance to the state, a matter of life and death, the road to survival or ruin. Hence, it is a subject which calls for careful study.(Tr. Lin Wusun),译本六,Master Sun said: War i
7、s A grave affair of state; It is a place Of life and death, A road To survival and extinction, A matter To be pondered carefully. (Tr. John Minford),经典英译欣赏,孙子兵法 计篇,孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。 Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road
8、either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected.,故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。 The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in ones deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in
9、the field. These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline.,道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也； The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger.,天者，阴阳、寒
10、暑、时制也； Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons.,地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也； Earth comprises distances, great and small; danger and security; open ground and narrow passes; the chances of life and death.,将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerely, benevolenc
11、e, courage and strictness.,法者，曲制、官道、主用也。 By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure.,凡此五者，将莫不闻，
12、知之者胜，不知之者不胜。 These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be victorious; he who knows them not will fail.,故校之以计，而索其情，曰：主孰有道？ Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military conditions, let them be made the basis of a comparison, in this wise:-
13、,将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。,(1) Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law? (2) Which of the two generals has most ability? (3) With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth? (4) On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced? (5) Which army is stronger?
14、(6) On which side are officers and men more highly trained? (7) In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment? By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat.,将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。 The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it, w
15、ill conquer: let such a one be retained in command! The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it, will suffer defeat:-let such a one be dismissed!,计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。 While heading the profit of my counsel, avail yourself also of any helpful circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rul
16、es.,势者，因利而制权也。According as circumstances are favorable, one should modify ones plans.,兵者，诡道也。 All warfare is based on deception.,故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。 Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe
17、 we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.,利而诱之，乱而取之，Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him.,实而备之，强而避之， If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him.,怒而挠之，卑而骄之，If your opponent is of choleric tempe
18、r, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.,佚而劳之，亲而离之， If he is taking his ease, give him no rest. If his forces are united, separate them.,攻其无备，出其不意。 Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.,此兵家之胜，不可先传也。 These military devices, leading to vic
19、tory, must not be divulged beforehand.,夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜少算，而况于无算乎！吾以此观之，胜负见矣。,Now the general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple where the battle is fought. The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations lead to vict
20、ory, and few calculations to defeat: how much more no calculation at all! It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.,从翻译的“信、达、雅”标准看翟林奈英译文,作战篇,故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。Thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war, cleverness has never been seen associated with long del
21、ays.,军争篇,故三军可夺气，将军可夺心。 A whole army may be robbed of its spirit; a commander-in-chief may be robbed of his presence of mind.,九地篇,投之亡地然后存，陷之死地然后生。Place your army in deadly peril, and it will survive; plunge it into desperate straits, and it will come off in safety.,九变篇,故将有五危：必死，可杀也；必生，可虏也；忿速，可侮也；廉洁，可
22、辱也；爱民，可烦也。” There are five dangerous faults which may affect a general: (1) Recklessness, which leads to destruction; (2)cowardice, which leads to capture; (3) a hasty temper which can be provoked by insults;(4) a delicacy of honour which is sensitive to shame; (5) over-solicitude for his men, which
23、 exposes him to worry and trouble.,计篇,天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也； Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons. The interaction of natural forcesYin and Yang,孙子兵法三十六计,六六三十六，数中有术，术中有数,三十六计,第一计瞒天过海 第二计围魏救赵 第三计借刀杀人 第四计以逸待劳 第五计趁火打劫 第六计声东击西,第七计无中生有 第八计暗渡陈仓 第九计隔岸观火 第十计笑里藏刀 第十一计李代桃僵 第十二计顺手牵羊,第十三计打草惊蛇
24、 第十四计借尸还魂 第十五计调虎离山 第十六计欲擒故纵 第十七计抛砖引玉 第十八计擒贼擒王,第十九计釜底抽薪 第二十计混水摸鱼 第二十一计金蝉脱壳 第二十二计关门捉贼 第二十三计远交近攻 第二十四计假道伐虢,第二十五计偷梁换柱 第二十六计指桑骂槐 第二十七计假痴不癫 第二十八计上屋抽梯 第二十九计树上开花 第三十计 反客为主,第三十一计美人计 第三十二计空城计 第三十三计反间计 第三十四计苦肉计 第三十五计连环计 第三十六计走为上,三十六计,(Thirty-Six Stratagems),1. 瞒天过海,crossing the sea under camouflage,2. 围魏救赵,rel
25、ieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei,3. 借刀杀人,killing someone with a borrowed knife,4. 以逸待劳,waiting at ones ease for the exhausted enemy,趁火打劫plundering a burning house声东击西making a feint to the east and attacking in the west,无中生有creating something out of nothing暗渡陈仓advancing secretly
26、 by an unknown path,隔岸观火watching a fire from the other side of the river笑里藏刀covering the dagger with a smile,李代桃僵palming off substitute for the real thing顺手牵羊picking up something in passing,打草惊蛇beating the grass to frighten the snake借尸还魂resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse,调虎离山luring the t
27、iger out of his den欲擒故纵letting the enemy off in order to catch him,抛砖引玉giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things擒贼擒王capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers,釜底抽薪extracting the firewood from under the cauldron混水摸鱼muddling the water to catch the
28、fish; fishing in troubled waters,金蝉脱壳slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin关门捉贼catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route,远交近攻befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy假途伐虢attacking the enemy by passing through a common
29、neighbor,偷梁换柱stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers指桑骂槐reviling/ abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry,假痴不癫feigning madness without becoming insane上屋抽梯removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof,树上开花putting artificial flowers on trees反客
30、为主turning from the guest into the host,美人计using seductive women to corrupt the enemy空城计presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness,反间计sowing discord among the enemy苦肉计deceiving the enemy by torturing ones own man,连环计coordinating one stratagem with another走为上decamping being the best; running away as the best choice,Thank You,
