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1、材料学专业英语,胡耀波,Unit 1 How steel is manufactured,steel 钢ore 矿石iron ore 铁矿石openpit 露天开采的mine 矿山，矿藏grade of steel 钢种，钢号,blast furnace 高炉steel shell 钢壳line 衬垫firebrick 耐火砖ore processing 矿石处理coke 焦炭limestone 石灰石charge 料批，料Fahrenheit 华氏温度impurity 杂质slag 炉渣,ig iron 生铁，铁块tapping 出渣，出铁，出钢open hearth furnace 平炉b
2、asic oxygen furnace 转炉electric furnace 电炉scrap iron 铁屑ladle 钢包，浇包intense heat 高温，急剧加热burnt lime 生石灰，煅石灰,high grade carbon steel 高级碳素钢alloy steel 合金钢electrode 电极crane 起重机ingot 铸锭mould 模具ingot mould 锭模valve 阀,solidify 凝固lift 起模strip off 剥去pit 坑uniform 均匀的rolling 轧制white hot 白热的，炽热的squeeze 挤，压rolling m
3、ill 轧机roll 轧辊semifinishing 半精加工,semifinishing mill 半成品轧机bloom 方坯slab 板坯billet 小方坯finishing mill 精轧机plate 板sheet 片strip 带rail 轨rod 棒bar 条,Unit 2 The making of steel,ingredient 成分hot metal 熔融金属，铁水steel melting 炼钢carbon 碳（C）nickel 镍（Ni）chromium 铬（Cr）manganese 锰（Mn）,specialty steel，special steel 特殊钢elec
4、tric induction melting furnace 电感应熔炉refine 精炼tilt 倾斜oxygen lance 氧气喷枪velocity 速率stainless steel 不锈钢weld 焊接,arc welder 弧焊机graphite 石墨alternating current 交流电resistance heating 电阻加热meltdown 熔化melting operation 熔炼作业slagging practice 造渣法addition 添加剂,lain carbon steel 普通碳素钢rimmed steel 沸腾钢killed steel 镇静钢
5、deoxidize 除氧，还原silicon 硅（Si）aluminum，aluminium 铝（Al）oxide 氧化物crystal 晶体，结晶notch toughness 缺口韧性draw 拉拔form 成形,nonmetallic 非金属的inclusion 夹杂microscope 显微镜endurance limit 疲劳极限fatigue life 疲劳寿命hydrogen 氢（H）vacuum 真空,hot rolling 热轧cast iron 铸铁ductility 塑性readily 乐意地forge 锻造coarse grain 粗晶fine grain 细晶,rei
6、nforcing rod 钢筋structural shape 热轧建筑型钢skelp 焊管坯mill scale 轧屑，铁鳞，氧化皮bright finish 光亮final pass 精轧道次，成品道次gauge 规格,anisotropic 各向异性的mechanical characteristics 力学特征tensile strength 抗拉强度isotropic 各向同性的cast 铸造metal powder 金属粉末,Unit 3 What is welding,machinist 机械师chip 切屑lathe 车床built-up edge 切屑瘤，刀瘤bit 刀刃co
7、ld pressure welding 冷压焊fastening device 夹紧机构，紧固装置,blacksmithing 锻造，锻打carbon arc lamp 碳棒弧光灯carbon arc welding 碳弧焊electrode welding 电弧焊stick welding 焊条oxyacetylene welding 氧乙炔焊welded joint 焊缝inert gas 惰性气体embrace 包含electronic circuit 电子电路intricate 复杂的,radio frequency 射频induction brazing 感应钎焊ultrasonic
8、 超声波photography 摄影，摄影术defence industry 国防工业weldment 焊接件radioisotope 放射性同位素welding shop 焊接车间weld testing 焊接检验bead 焊料gas flame 气焰,automatic welder 自动焊机helmet 面罩goggle 护目镜pressure vessel 压力容器coil of wire 线卷，线匝union melt welding，submerged arc welding 埋弧焊microwelding 微型焊接capacity 生产量，容量,Unit 4 Casting,sh
9、aping 成形bedplate 底座machinery 机器，机械（总称）enormous 巨大的steel casting 钢铸件component 成分（ingredient），零部件（part）ounce 盎司aeroengine 航空发动机locomotive 机车，火车头liner 轮船nonferrous 有色的composition 成分lump 块,cupola 冲天炉nozzle 喷嘴tap hole 出铁口bucket 桶，装料罐fume 烟,open hearth process 平炉炼钢法Bessemer converter 贝塞麦转炉stiff 硬的damp san
10、d 湿砂wooden pattern 木模impression 压痕moulding box 砂箱，型箱,ram 捣，捶disfigure 损伤外貌scab 夹砂结疤blow hole 气孔,mechanized 机械化securely 安全地accurate 精确的in the long run 最后shell moulding 壳型铸造fine finish 高光洁度，高精加工plaster of paris 熟石膏,hollow 中空的core 型芯bake 烘焙cavity 腔core print 型芯座wedge 挤入，插入chaplet 型芯撑,channel 通道runner，r
11、unner channel 浇道exit，overflow，riser，feeder header 冒口dirt 残渣shrink 收缩compensate 补偿,conveyor 运输机，传送机构，传送带pouring bay 浇铸间，铸锭跨fettle 精整wire brush 钢丝刷grinding wheel 砂轮pneumatic chisel 气凿，风凿fin 毛边joint line 分型面adhering sand 粘砂shot blasting 喷丸处理,centrifugal casting 离心铸造jet engine 喷气发动机petrol engine 汽油发动机pi
12、ston ring 活塞环cylinder liner 气缸套cylinder bore 气缸内径,lost wax processing 消失模铸造法gas turbine blade 燃气涡轮叶片,ressure die casting 压铸,Unit 5 Metals and ferrous metals,ferrous metal 黑色金属nonferrous metal 有色金属impurity 杂质,element 元素physical properties 物理性能heat treatment 热处理sulphur 硫（S）phosphorus 磷（P）molybdenum 钼（
13、Mo）vanadium 钒（V）tungsten 钨（W）amount 含量hardness 硬度,low carbon steel 低碳钢medium carbon steel 中碳钢high carbon steel 高碳钢spring 弹簧classification 分类wrought iron 熟铁die 模具,bend 弯曲soft steel，mild steel 软钢，低碳钢black iron sheet 黑铁皮bar iron 条钢，型钢work 加工clamp 夹具，夹钳hardened and tempered 淬火与回火tempering 回火quench 淬火met
14、allurgist 冶金学家chisel 凿子hammer 锤子screwdriver 起子,high speed tool steel 高速工具钢hot work tool steel 热作工具钢hot work die steel 热作模具钢cold work tool steel 冷作工具钢cold work die steel 冷作模具钢special purpose tool steel 专用工具钢,scale 铁鳞cold finished steel 冷精轧钢surface 表面surface finish 表面光洁度mechanical properties 力学性能cold
15、worked steel 冷加工钢cold draw 冷拔，冷拉,drill rod 钻头棒料drill 钻high speed steel 高速钢grinding 磨光polishing 抛光hexagonal 六边形的,wear 磨损brittle 脆的white iron 白铁gray iron 灰铁malleable iron 可锻铸铁annealing 退火plumbing fixture 管件nodular iron 球墨铸铁，球铁shock 冲击blow 猛击jerk 猛拉,Unit 6 Mechanical properties of metals,mechanical pro
16、perties 力学性能applied load 外加载荷safe and sound 安全可靠的,tensile strength 抗拉强度bending strength 抗弯强度compressive strength 抗压强度torsional strength 抗扭强度shear strength 抗剪强度fatigue strength 疲劳强度impact strength 冲击强度,stress 应力strain 应变elasticity 弹性elongate 拉长，伸长distort 扭曲stretch 伸展，伸长elastic limit 弹性极限undeformed 无形
17、变的deformed 形变的modulus of elasticity 弹性模量,stiffness 硬度rigidity 刚度crush 压碎compression 压力tension 张力twist 扭alternating stress 交变应力piston rod 活塞杆axle 车轴，轮轴reversal 方向，逆转,structure sensitive property结构敏感性indentation 压痕penetration 穿透，贯穿depth 深度indenter 压头cryogenic property 低温性能crystal structure晶体结构body cen
18、tred cubicface centred cubichexagonal closest packing,Unit 7 Crystal structure,crystalline 结晶的，晶体的amorphous 无定形的noncrystalline 非晶的amorphous form，amorphous state，amorphous condition，noncrystalline state 非晶态crystalline state 晶态crystal lattice 晶体点阵，晶格thin foil 薄箔,Unit 8 Phases in metals,solid phase 固相s
19、olid condition 固态uranium 铀plutonium 钚,magnetic 有磁性的nonmagnetic 无磁性的red heat 炽热term 术语paramagnetic 顺磁性的critical temperature 临界温度transformation temperature 转变温度be analogous to 类似于，与相似melting point 熔点figure 图crystal pattern 晶型dull red heat 暗红炽热,softing 变软，软化deposited metal 堆焊金属，沉积金属fusion weld 熔焊severe
20、 cooling 激冷,austenite 奥氏体austenitic 奥氏体的work harden 加工硬化indicate 指出，显示persist 坚持，持续hard facing rod 镀硬面焊条，表面耐磨堆焊焊条remarkable 值得注意的，显著的,Unit 9 Hardening of plain carbon steels,ferrite 铁素体solution 溶液solid solution 固溶体,chemical attraction 化学吸引，亲合力recurrent 周期性的carbide 碳化物martensitic 马氏体的martensite 马氏体fe
21、rritic 铁素体的,hase 相transformation 转变phase transformation 相变,cementite 渗碳体constituent 成分，组分dissolve 溶解dissociate 分离，游离supersaturate 过饱和的tetragonal 四方晶系body centered tetragonal 体心四方rectangular 矩形的,nonductile 无塑性的thermal stress 热应力volume expansion 体积膨胀contract 收缩proportion 比例,Unit 10 Carbon in steel,car
22、bon steel，plain carbon steel，straight carbon steel 碳素钢，普通碳素钢low carbon steel 低碳钢medium carbon steel 中碳钢high carbon steel 高碳钢cast iron 铸铁,automobile body 汽车车身sheet 薄板，片harrow teeth 耙齿concrete form 混凝土模板hanger 吊架，吊钩wooden joist 木梁，桁，檩file 锉刀spring 弹簧concrete reinforcing bars （混凝土用）钢筋piano wire 钢琴丝hamm
23、er 锤子axe 斧,otent 有力的，有效的wear resistant 耐磨的sustain 支撑，维持,content 含量carbon content 碳含量article 项目，条款pocket knife 小折刀wood turning tool 木工车刀hard facing electrode 耐磨堆焊焊条，硬面堆焊焊条,ceramic 陶瓷practical observation 实践资料set out 宣布，陈述，展示incidental 伴随事件,Unit 11 Heat treatment,heat treatment 热处理machine shop 机加工车间ha
24、rdening，quench 淬火tempering 回火annealing 退火case hardening 表面硬化,lunge 投入brine 盐水pyrometer 高温计,light 点燃soaking 均热common salt 食盐mineral oil 矿物油tongs 钳子，夹子，夹钳agitate 搅拌evenly 均匀地warp 弯曲，变弯internal stress 内应力internal strain 内应变,low temperature 低温moderate temperature 中温abrasive cloth 砂布point 尖端，刀刃clay 粘土,ou
25、ter surface 外表面cyanide 氰化物cyaniding 氰化carburizing 渗碳，渗碳剂inward 向内piston pin 活塞销grind 研磨,Unit 12 Effects of mechanical work on metals,mechanical work 机械加工compose 组成equiaxed 等轴的duplex structure 双相组织orientate 朝向，定向stringer 长条longitudinal 经度的，纵向的,fibre 纤维fibrous 含纤维的，纤维状的ultimate tensile stress 最大抗拉应力yi
26、eld stress 屈服应力Izod test 悬臂冲击实验Charpy test 摆锤冲击实验,ercentage elongation 伸长率tensile test 拉伸实验mechanical test 力学性能实验perpendicular 垂直的，正交的prone to 倾向于，可能transverse direction 横向,Unit 13 Strength of materials basic assumptions,assumption 假定internal force 内力external force 外力equilibrium 平衡static equilibrium
27、 静态平衡member 对象，单元equation of equilibrium 平衡方程,resisting force 阻力，抗力internal resisting force 内部抗力plane 面，平面cutting plane 切面exert on 施加于cut section 切面，截面，剖面,integral 积分，积分的differential 微分，微分的proportional to 与成比例substitute into 代入solve for 解，求出void 空隙system of axes 坐标系coordinate system 坐标系,appear to 看来
28、似乎gross，macroscopical 宏观的heterogeneous 不均匀的chemical segregation 化学偏析aggregate 集合体crystal grain 晶粒crystallographic direction 晶体学方向specimen，sample 样品，样本statistical 统计的，统计学的,macro scale 宏观尺度fibre，fiber 纤维fiber reinforced composite 纤维增强复合材料single crystal 单晶continuity 连续性，连贯性porous 多孔的，有孔的powder metallur
29、gy 粉末冶金defect 缺陷vacancy 空位dislocation 位错,Unit 14 Hot working of metals,hot working 热加工strain rate 应变率，应变速率recrystallization，recrystallisation 再结晶,diffusion 扩散chemical inhomogeneity 化学不均匀性blowhole 气孔porosity 疏松eliminate 消除columnar grain 柱状晶equiaxed grain 等轴晶,surface reaction 表面反应furnace atmosphere 炉内
30、气氛oxidation 氧化reactive metal 活泼金属barrier 屏障decarburization 脱碳make allowance 留余量，作修正，考虑进去dimensional tolerance 尺寸公差cross section 横截面interior 内部,lower temperature limit 低温限，下限温度strain hardening 加工硬化，应变硬化upper limit 上限lower limit 下限segregated region 偏析区grain boundary 晶界grain boundary film 晶界膜low meltin
31、g constituent 低熔点组分crumble into 破碎hot shortness 热脆burning 过烧,flow stress 流变应力common practice 常规，一般惯例，习惯做法finishing temperature 终轧温度working pressure 工作压力flow resistance 流变抗力,Unit 15 Cold working of metals,cold working 冷加工intermediate annealing 中间退火coldwork anneal cycle 冷加工-退火循环schematically 示意性地illus
32、trate 举例说明，图解,versatility 多用性，多功能性stress relief 应力松弛，应力消除residual stress 残余应力fluctuation 波动，起伏soften 使变柔软,cold reduction 冷轧，减厚strip 带材wire 线材temper 韧度，硬度（指热加工后的状态，如半硬态）spring temper 弹簧韧度,Unit 16 Classification of forming processes,in large part 在很大程度上plastic deformation 塑性变形conserve 保存，保持metal remov
33、al 金属切削,recise 精确的optimum 最佳的structure and properties 组织和性能thermomechanical 热机械ausforming 形变热处理,metalworking 金属加工category 种类direct compression process 直接压缩，正向压缩indirect compression process 间接压缩，反向压缩,right angle 直角wire drawing 拔丝，拉丝tube drawing 拉管，管材拉拔extrusion 挤压deep drawing 深冲combined stress 复合应力st
34、ress state 应力状态,stretch forming 拉伸成形wrap 包，裹contour 轮廓，等高线bending moment 弯曲力矩，挠矩shear 剪切magnitude 大小，数量rupture 破裂，割裂the plane of shear 剪切面,rimary mechanical working process 初级机械加工secondary mechanical working process 次级机械加工terminology 术语processing operation 加工fabrication 制备,deformation zone 变形区partic
35、le velocity 质点速度overall pressure 总压力applied force 作用力metallurgical 冶金（学）的metallurgical phenomena 冶金现象,variable 变量friction 摩擦力hear transfer 传热，热传递consideration 考虑因素practical concern 实际关心的tool wear 工具磨损surface finish 表面精度，表面光洁度,Unit 27 Materials and engineering,solar cell 太阳能电池,Unit 28 Single componen
36、t metals,commercially pure 工业纯chemically pure，C.P. 化学纯analytically pure，A.P. 分析纯kitchen utensil 炊具,atomic weight 原子量atomic mass unit 原子质量单位X-ray diffraction X射线衍射analogy 类似，类比envisage 想象，设想simple metal 纯金属interatomic distance 原子间距,long rang order 长程有序crystal lattice 晶体点阵，晶格unit cell 晶胞coordination n
37、umber 配位数prism 棱柱packing factor 致密度,thermal agitation 热振动vigorous 有力的thermal expansion coefficient 热膨胀系数calibrate 校准fluidity 流动性slope，gradient 斜率,directional bond 定向键合heat capacity 热容heat of fusion 熔化热interatomic bond 原子间键,Unit 29 Impure metals,intentional 特意，有意solid solution 固溶体brass 黄铜substitution
38、al solid solution 置换固溶体interstitial solid solution 间隙固溶体interstice 间隙elevated temperature 高温,hase 相less simple type 不简类型supercool 过冷degree of supercooling，degree of undercooling 过冷度molecular species 分子组成nitrogen 氮connote 意味，包含,insoluble 不溶的mercury 水银solder 焊料rosin 松香rosin flux 焊剂solute 溶质solvent 溶剂,
39、highly packed 高度密排electronic orbit 电子轨道phase boundary 相界polymorph，allotrope 同素异形体polymorphic 多晶型的regular faceted surface 规则刻面,etch 侵蚀acid 酸corrode 侵蚀specular reflection 镜面反射mismatch 错配qualitative 定性的quantitative 定量的semiquantitative 半定量的,intersection point 交点boundary surface，interface 界面magnification
40、 放大倍数,Unit 30 Alloys of metals (1),factorial 阶乘（的）exponent 指数exponent increase 指数增长solubility 溶解度metallic compound 金属化合物intermetallic compound 金属间化合物energy preference 能量优先,vast majority 绝大多数commercial brass 商用黄铜bronze 青铜vise versa 反之亦然cupronickel 铜镍合金，白铜,solution hardening，solution strengthening 固溶强
41、化anticipate 预期，预测interpolation 内插法extrapolation 外推法ambient temperature 周围温度，环境温度,hase diagram 相图isomorphous 匀晶eutectic 共晶peritectic 包晶eutectoid 共析peritectoid 包析hypo- 亚hyper- 过solidus 固相线liquidus 液相线solubility limit 溶解度，溶解极限,tie line 连线abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标foreign atom 外来原子impurity atom 杂质原子plumbe
42、r 配管工engine block 发动机组solid solubility 固溶度,lumbers solder 管工用焊料intersection 交点transparent 透明的lever rule 杠杆定律vinyl chloride 氯乙烯nonstoichiometric 非化学计量的versus 与相对nominal 名义上的,Unit 31 Alloys of metals (2),corrode 腐蚀preclude 没有，排除amenable to 服从repertoire 节目affinity 亲合力precipitation hardening 沉淀强化，沉淀硬化dispersion strengthening 弥散强化,forefront 最前沿age hardening 时效强化，时效硬化solution treatment 固溶处理crack propagation 裂纹扩展phase separation 相分离clustering 偏聚slip 滑移climb 攀移admittedly 无可否认，当然,over aging 过时效coalesce 结合,
