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1、口译技巧之笔记法,Mina,1,Outline,笔记法概述笔记法原则笔记法方法和技巧实战训练,2,Warming-up Exercises,大学城占地306公顷，其中240公顷用于教室等各类教学设施，其它用于寝室、食堂和商店。整座大学城的建设将耗资25亿人民币。,3,The sentences could be noted as follows:,College Town 306 公顷 240 rest 教设：eg: classroom dor. canteen shop 2.5 bi RMB,4,Warming-up Exercises 1,公顷 hectare教学设施educational
2、 facilities,5,Reference,The College Town covers an area of 306 hectares, of/among which 240 hectares are used for various kinds of educational facilities such as classrooms, while the rest (are used) for dormitories, canteens and shops.The total cost of building the whole college town will be 2.5 bi
3、llion Yuan.,6,建立新架构的必要讯息是：六何（何人、何事、何时、何地、何物、如何）：数字与专有名词：讯息内容之间的关系。,7,Short-Term Memory (STM): The duration of STM is very short, is up 6 to 30 seconds. Memory in interpreting only lasts for a short time. Long-Term Memory (LTM): its duration is several days even several years.,8,The main use of notes
4、 is to relieve memory. Although an interpreter may have understood the main ideas of a speech, it is almost impossible for him/her to recall all the elements of a five-minute speech, particularly if it contains numbers, names, lists, since such elements cannot be recalled on the basis of analysis an
5、d logic.,9,笔记法不是速记口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、上下、正反、升降、因果关系等)。切忌整句整段的记录源语信息。其次，脑记时要重点关注段落句子的整体信息，顺带注意一些没有用笔记下来的细节。,10,“powerful country”：“我同意”： “观点，看法一致”：“economic development”：,强,I, same,经,11,The importance of taking notes in interpreting,short-term memory alone not enough to retain the
6、amount of information in the act of interpreting. improve concentration facilitate analysis of the speechactivate memory improve the accuracy of reproduction.,12,Note taking,It is accepted that notes are helpful to the interpretation, but its help is only secondary. In fact, the whole message depend
7、s largely on memory rather than notes. It is a necessary evil!,13,Note taking,Tip:Keep a dynamic balance between memory and notes and try to be less dependent on your notes.,14,Note-taking,用何种文字记录以快为准 我们 vs we中华人民共和国 vs P.R.C.女士们，先生们 vs L.G.This morning vs. 今早,15,Note-taking,记什么记关键词，分析，归纳,主语动词主要宾语人名
8、地名数字,92.8 上 I 京 广 辽 四化 好,Example,16,Note-taking,缩写与符号熟练掌握日常通用缩写和符号 UN UNESCO WTO EU,常用符号,和：？：,否定，不是、不等于、不同意上升、增长、发展下降、削减、情况变坏等方向、目的等疑问，问题逐步减少、缩小逐步扩大、增多等,17,Some suggested symbols used in note-taking,+ = ,18,大于 小于 小于或等于 大于或等于 等于、意味着 = 不等于 约等于 遗憾、悲哀 ; 高兴、荣兴 ( 错误、否、不、否定 正确、对、好、肯定 ,导致、结果 对立、冲突 波折 会议、会面
9、进入 接触、交往 分歧 非常、十分重要 * 不同意 N 同意 Y 上升、增加 下降、减少 强、好 ,19,更强、更好 弱、差 更弱、更差 因为 所以 优秀 属于 胜利 V 问题、疑问 ？ 和、与 结论是 = 促进、发展,坚持 关键 ！ 奇观 ! 有关 替换为 但是 与比较而言 空洞 代表 一方面/ 另一方面 / 关系 / 国家 国与国 / 原因 ,20,口译记录(Note-taking),记录格式正确格式 错误格式, , ,21,Guidelines for Note-Taking,1. Concentrate on the lecture/speech the contradiction b
10、etween listening and writing Great attention should be paid to understanding,22,Guidelines for Note-Taking,2. Use whatever language that comes to your mindTarget language (less transcoding, more demanding ) Source Language (less strain during processing)the combination of TL and SLencouraged to use
11、target language to take notes,23,Guidelines for Note-Taking,3. Take notes selectively(125-140 words per minute/ 25 words per minute),24,Guidelines for Note-Taking,4. Be brief. Write down only the major points and important information use abbreviations, symbols, acronyms;The negotiation held between
12、 the UN and rebel forces in Afghanistan broke down.(谈UN+阿反) X,25,Guidelines for Note-Taking,5. Write legibly Notes are useless if you cannot read them later.Dont be concerned with spelling and grammar.,26,Guidelines for Note-Taking,6. Take notes vertically. T型/P型 break up the sentence into sense uni
13、ts,27,Guidelines for Note-Taking,Tip: Notes are essentially individual in character. Try to develop your own personalized note-taking methods.,28,笔记的要领,1. 纵写式（vertical arrangement) 口译笔记应避免横向书写，以免影响传译的顺畅。2. 重叠法 （superposition) 把一些相关的字词组合在一起，使译员一眼就知这一系列字词间的关系。3. 内缩式 （indention）利用笔记的上下前后位置，来显示出不同位置语言间的
14、关系，例如从属关系，或逻辑上的关系。4. 分隔法 （division）在一篇讲话中语气和意义结束的地方，以 “/”或横线等分开以免和下面的句子和要点混淆。用这种分隔线来显示语气和意义的完结。译完一段后，最好将笔记划去，这样接着译时很容易找到该从何处开始译。,29,口译笔记提高的六大方法,1. 尽量依靠逻辑分析记忆，少依赖笔记。2. 注意适当选择该记下的讯息，如：主题词，关键字，逻辑线索。3. 熟悉运用一些常用的符号，尤其是数字符号。4. 但常用符号不宜太多，同一符号尽量用在不同场合表达多个意思。5. 尽量使用缩略形式以加快记录的速度。6. 注意笔记纸张空间的结构安排，以便快速无误地读取笔记。,
15、30,口译笔记的装备,1.） 笔记本：建议使用有活页圈的，开本较窄，上下翻页的笔记本。笔记本规格大小以适合自己的手掌大小为准。2.）译员的笔：建议用按压式的笔。,31,Examples,32,1: Canada and the United States have a very similar culture because they share a similar history. Both countries were settled by people from Europe who came to North America looking for a new life. Canadi
16、ans and Americans both developed an individual oriented culture because this was needed to survive in a huge new land.,33,2: I am very glad to have the opportunity to work in your company, and I am particularly pleased to be able to work with a group of brilliant people in Chinas automobile industry
17、.,34,3: 今eve we J 北大 再接 老朋 Dr Green&Mrs / I 代 全staff Dr.&Mrs. G & 其 NZ 宾: wel / I Bel Gr 我sch 访 友合 重贡/ tom 宾 go 南 & 上 I wish nice trip/,35,今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学再次接待我们的老朋友格林博士和夫人。/我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。/我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问，必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系作出重要的贡献。/明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。,36,正如大多数人所知，中国是世界上人口
18、最多的国家，占世界总人口的1/5。从建国以来，我国人口增长经历了三次高峰。第一次生育高峰是50年代初，当时的人口出生率是30。60年代初，三年自然灾害和困难时期，人口出生率有所下降。但到了1963年以后中国出现了第二次生育高峰，出生率为43，从1985年到1989年我国经历了第三次人口增长高峰。,例4 (原文）,37,正如 人知中世 人口 most占 1/5建国 三高：50初30/1000 But 60初 三年灾、经困 人口2.6343/10003.8589,例4 (笔记）,38,例5（原文）,As an American manager of a Sino-American joint ve
19、nture for two years, I have to say that there are differences in business management between Chinese and Americans./ We are more direct and straightforward than most Chinese Colleagues due to our different cultural traditions. / I cant say our way of doing business is absolutely superior. After all,
20、 there are strong points and weak points in both types of management./ in recent years, more and more American business executives have recognized the strong points of the more humane way of Chinese management.,39,例5 (笔记）,美 经 中美合企 2 年 I 说dif bus.man.中美/ we 更 直率 比 中 不同文传/ I x 我 bus. + 毕有 + & - both/
21、近年 美企 exe. 强：hu 中管,40,例6 （原文）,我们建设中国特色社会主义，就是遵循改革开放这一当代中国发展的必由之路，经过若干代人的持续奋斗，把我国建设成为富强，民主，文明的社会主义现代化国家。摆脱贫穷落后，使祖国早日实现繁荣昌盛，是全中国人民和整个中华民族梦寐以求的共同愿望。中国是一个有着五千年文明史和11亿以上人口的东方大国。中国的振兴和富强，不仅是中国人民，中华民族的幸福，也是为人类文明作出更大贡献。中国的稳定与发展离不开世界的和平与发展，世界的和平与发展也离不开中国的稳定与发展。这已经为越来越多的人们所共识。,41,例6 （笔记）,建 特 S-ism 改开路 几代人 富，民
22、，文明 S-ism mod./ 脱贫 早昌 国 族 共同 w/ Ch 5000 1.1 b/ Ch 兴 富 国 族 hap 人 文 贡/ Ch sta &dev. x w p&dev./ m & m 共识/,42,Note-taking,Out-class Practice (EC),43,Words and expressions,declare opensymposium (on)extend warm welcome toexpress ones sincere thanks togenerous helppopularize the use ofdeservers reference
23、and studyI wish the symposium a complete success,44,Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen: I declare open the international symposium on internet service. Id like to extend warm welcome to all the guests from various circle./Id like to express my sincere thanks to the British and Australian companies a
24、nd specialists whose generous help makes the successful opening possible./,45,Some overseas developed countries have accumulated much experience in promoting the internet service. The experience deservers reference and study. Through exchange, we will be able to get more information and knowledge./,
25、46,I believe the symposium will be constructive and significant in popularizing the use of internet service in China. I wish the symposium a complete success./,47,48,主席先生，女士们先生们，我宣布英特网服务国际研讨会开幕，在此我向参加开幕式的各界来宾表示热烈欢迎！/英国和澳大利亚的有关公司与专家对本次研讨会的成功召开给予了很大的帮助，对此我谨致以诚挚的谢意。/海外一些发达国家在推动英特网服务事业方面积累了不少经验，值得我们借鉴和学习。通过交流。我们可以得到更多的信息与体会。/我相信，本次研讨会对于推动英特网在中国的广泛使用具有积极的作用和深远的意义。我预祝研讨会圆满成功。/,49,50,参考书目,林超伦. 实战口译. 北京: 对外教学与研究出版社 ,2004.徐东风. 英语口译：实战技巧与训练. 大连：大连理工大学出版社，2005.张维为. 英汉同声口译. 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司, 1999.仲伟合. 英语口译教程（上、下）. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2007.,51,
